BELLWORK1. How do you think other countries under

foreign control responded to the American Revolution?

2. What is a colony?

3. What is nationalism?

4. THINKER: Today we will learn about control over colonies in Latin America. In your opinion, why do powerful countries like England, France, Spain and Portugal feel the need to control smaller colonies that are so far away?

Ruling the Colonies• Spain, Portugal and France used their Latin

American colonies to increase their own wealth.

• Colonies contained deposits of gold and silver, as well as, forests for mahogany and ebony.

• Farming provided another source of money; especially corn, sugar, and cocoa.

• Landowners forced Native Americans and enslaved Africans to work the farms

Ruling the Colonies• Catholicism was brought to the Americas by

Spanish and Portuguese rulers.• Priests and monks converted the Native

Americans and taught them loyalty to the crown.

• The clergy members held high positions and worked closely with the colonial government.

• By 1800, the Catholic Church controlled almost half the wealth in Latin America.

• Colonists were mad at the trade restrictions and high taxes Spain and Portugal forced them to pay.

Social Order

• Latin American colonies were divided between social classes based on privileges.

• Peninsulares: colonial leaders born in Spain or Portugal; held all important military and political positions.

• Creoles: colonial-born white aristocrats; controlled most of the land and business

• Mestizos: mixed Native American and white ancestry; worked as servants and unskilled laborers

BELLWORK 2/281. List four European countries that had colonies

in Latin America.

2. List three reasons for European colonization of Latin America.

3. How did the Natives respond to the European desire to spread Catholicism?

4. Explain the social order/hierarchy in colonial Latin America.

5. THINKER: What similarities do you notice between Latin American colonies and the North American colonies?

Latin American Independence• Now that you understand the motives behind colonial

rule and independence, you are going to learn about specific countries and their fight for freedom.

• On this blank map of Latin and Central America do the following:

1. Label the countries (A10 & A11)2. Next, write in the years of independence for the

following colonies: Mexico, Haiti, Venezuela(1810) Colombia, Peru, Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, & Paraguay. (pg. 443)

3. Color the colonies based on their European ruler. Remember to make a key!-- France -- Portugal-- Spain -- British

Latin American Independence• On the back of your map, you are going to focus on

specific colonies and their fight for independence.• For each colony you must address the main question:

How did this colony get its independence?• Make sure to include any important people and

events.• SUMMARIZE!!!• Colonies you must write about:

-- Haiti -- Venezuela

-- Mexico -- Brazil• Use pgs. 443-446• Follow the example!

Nationalism• Nationalism: desire for national independence.• In the mid-1800s there are four primary examples of

nationalism:

1. Italy

2.Germany

3.Russian Empire

4.Austria-Hungary• Each country struggled with its own desire for unity or

independence. • You are going to summarize each example of

nationalism using your graphic organizer and chapter 15 in your textbook (pages 452-474)