Bellringer

• What is the difference between a republic and a democracy?

Agenda

1. Groups/ Dates2. Collapse of the Republic3. Project time

Groups 6th1. Afreen, Kevin, Beyza2. Jeovanny, Chloe, Margaret3. Amber, Noah, Veronica4. Anthony, Audrey5. Jose, Judith, Victoria6. Valeria, Rebecca, Hector7. Valerie, Darlin, Phu

Groups 7th1. Nardin, Angel, Nailah2. Liana, Yaseera, Melvin 3. Iris, Alexis, Anand4. Daulton, Khizer, Jessica5. Kevin, Elizabeth, Steve6. Samantha, Wesley, Lorenzo7. Andrew, Kensy, Lisa

Group 8th1. Jillian, Mack, Kathryn 2. Cruz, Nabeeha, Brandon3. Vanessa, Eric, Justin4. Colin, Vy, Mohammad5. Jose, Alida, Allen6. Jessica, Fahim, Brian

Dates

• Your Rome unit test will be Feb 21st

• Your timeline will ALSO be due the 21st (you will have the whole class before to work on it)• Your individual project will be due

Feb 27th

Objectives

Students will be able to…46. Analyze the events leading to the

collapse of the Republic.

Social Conflict

• Expansion creates wealth, but it is not equally distributed • Poor soldiers feel they should get

more, or have to fight less• Rome soon finds that this empire

thing is tough work!

Objective #46

The Republic Collapses

• Rome conquered a lot of land:–More wealth, more slaves

• Rich owned large farms worked by slaves and got richer• Poor got…nothing• Generals recruited poor men for their

personal armies – loyal to individuals, not to Rome

Slaves Rebel• Slaves revolted and escaped–They were often used as gladiators for

entertainment–They were armed and trained by their

masters!• Three slave wars between 135BC and

71BC–The 3rd was led by Spartacus

Mr. Poth’s Rule of World History #8

Conquering is easy, governing is hard

Ice Cube Corollary: Governin’ ain’t easy, but it’s necessary

Previously, in history…

• Expansion social conflict• Unemployed soldiers and rich

generals private armies• Slave revolts Spartacus

The Gracchi

• Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus–Tribunes who tried to help the

poor–Both assassinated–Results in civil war

Powerful Generals

• Generals now controlled Rome–Still a Republic in name, but the

generals owned the government• Politics in Rome was: bribery,

nepotism, abuse of power, physical violence

Discussion Question

• Was military expansion good for the Roman Republic?

Get these out

• You will need your vocab sheet• Rules of world history• Project packet

The Triumvirate• Pompey and Marcus Crassus, generals

who defeated Spartacus, took power• Julius Caesar, an aristocrat, politician, and

general, joined forces with Pompey and Crassus in 60 BC–The three ruled Rome for 10 years

• Caesar served as consul and then went to lead an army in Gaul

Caesar in Gaul

Another Popular General

• Caesar’s campaign in Gaul was successful and very popular• Crassus died, and Pompey began to

fear Caesar’s popularity–Pompey disbanded Caesar’s army–Another set of allies became

enemies

Crossing the Rubicon

• Julius Caesar refused to send his army home. Instead, he led them into Italy• The line dividing Italy from Caesar’s

area of Gaul was the Rubicon River• In 49 BC, Caesar “crossed the

Rubicon” and declared war on Rome–“The die is cast”

Mr. Poth’s Rule of World History #9

There can be only one!

Caesar as Dictator

• Caesar’s army defeated Pompey’s all over the Mediterranean–“Veni, vidi, vici”

• He was appointed dictator in 46 BC–Dictator for Life in 44 BC

Et tu, Brute?

• Senators rejected the rule of a tyrant and murdered Caesar–March 15, 44 BC – “the Ides of

March”• Led by Marcus Brutus and Gaius

Cassius

Second Triumvirate

• After the assassination, civil war• Mark Antony, Lepidus, and Octavian

joined forces against the assassins–Formed the Second Triumvirate

• Any predictions?

Mr. Poth’s Rule of World History #9

There can be only one!

Octavian• Caesar’s grandnephew and adopted

son, his chosen successor• Became an emperor–Forced Lepidus to retire–Declared war on Mark Antony, who

fell in love with Cleopatra in Egypt• Defeated them in 31 BC

Emperor for the Empire

• Octavian took the title Augustus: “exalted one”• Continued to have a senate, but

ruled as emperor until his death• The Republic was dead – long live

the Roman Empire!