Bellringer-November 24, 2014 1.How does the cell in a tadpole compare to the size of a cell in a...
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Bellringer-November 24, 2014 1.How does the cell in a tadpole compare to the size of a cell in a whale? 2.What makes a whale so much larger than a tadpole?
Bellringer-November 24, 2014 1.How does the cell in a tadpole
compare to the size of a cell in a whale? 2.What makes a whale so
much larger than a tadpole? (when it comes to cells) 3.What types
of organisms are prokaryotes? (guess!) 4.What types of organisms
are eukaryotes? (guess!) 5.What is the difference between
prokaryotes and eukaryotes? (guess!)
Slide 2
Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes Honors Biology
Slide 3
Cell Theory 1. All living things are made of cells 2. Cells are
the basic unit of life 3. All existing cells are produced by other
living cells. 3 Nerve cells in the retina by Santiago Ramon
Slide 4
FIRST TO VIEW CELLS In 1665, Robert Hooke used a microscope to
examine a thin slice of cork (dead plant cells) What he saw looked
like small boxes
Slide 5
FIRST TO VIEW CELLS Hooke is responsible for naming cells Hooke
called them CELLS because they looked like the small rooms that
monks lived in called Cells
Slide 6
CELLS! Smallest unit of life in all living things Two basic
types: 6 Prokaryotic Simple Smaller No membrane- bound organelles
No nucleus MAY have a cell wall Ex: Bacteria Eukaryotic More
complex Membrane- bound organelles Ex: Plants, Animals, and
Fungi
Slide 7
CELL TYPES Three Basic types of cells include: Animal Cell
(Eukaryote) Plant Cell (Eukaryote) Bacterial Cell (Prokaryote)
**SMALLEST
Slide 8
8 CELL SIZE Typical cells range from 5 50 micrometers (microns)
in diameter copyright cmassengale
Slide 9
NUMBER OF CELLS Although ALL living things are made of cells,
organisms may be: Unicellular composed of one cell Multicellular-
composed of many cells that may organize into tissues, etc.
Slide 10
ALL CELLS Contain 4 basic cell structures: Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm Ribosomes DNA **not an organelle
Slide 11
PROKARYOTES THE FIRST CELLS Simplest and smallest type of cell
Includes bacteria NO nucleus NO/FEW organelles 1 Single, circular
chromosome Think: Pro athlete plays with 1 ball
Slide 12
PROKARYOTES Nucleoid region (center) contains the DNA (NO
nulceus) Surrounded by cell membrane & cell wall (made of
peptidoglycan) Contain ribosomes in their cytoplasm to make
proteins Flagella for movement
Slide 13
Prokaryotes Prokaryotes: (pro- means before, and -karyote means
nucleus) First type of cells to evolve Very small (size of
mitochondria) Unicellular Two Types: 1)Archaea 2) Eubacteria Cell
Division/Reproduction: Asexual via Binary Fission
Slide 14
Prokaryote Cell Structure Components: cell membrane cell wall
ribosomes flagella nucleoid region (NO NUCLEUS) cytoplasm capsule
pili NO membrane-bound organelles
Slide 15
Functions Capsule - Found in some bacterial cells, this
additional outer covering protects the cell, and helps the cell
adhere to surfaces and nutrients. Cell Wall - Outer covering of
most cells that protects the bacterial cell and gives it shape.
Cytoplasm - A gel-like substance composed mainly of water that also
contains enzymes, salts, cell components, and various organic
molecules. Cell Membrane or Plasma Membrane - Surrounds the cell's
cytoplasm and regulates the flow of substances in and out of the
cell. 15
Slide 16
Function contd Pili - Hair-like structures on the surface of
the cell that attach to other bacterial cells. Flagella - Long,
whip-like protrusion that aids in cellular locomotion. Ribosomes -
Cell structures responsible for protein production. Nucleiod Region
- Area of the cytoplasm that contains the single bacterial DNA
molecule. 16
Slide 17
17
Slide 18
EUKARYOTES All eukaryotic cells HAVE: a Nucleus membrane-bound
organelles These cell types includes: protists fungi plants animals
More complex type of cells
Slide 19
Eukaryotic Cells Divided into compartments Unicellular or
Multicellular Organelles structures that have a specific function
in the cell (including the nucleus) Cytoplasm region between
nucleus and plasma membrane that surrounds organelles Filled with
cytosol (watery-jelly part) and organelles Contains centrioles,
which help with cell division reproduction 19
Slide 20
20 Organelles Organelles are individual structures that have
specific functions. Together, these organelles carry out the
necessary jobs in order for that cell to survive. Many other things
are organized in this way as well. Very small (Microscopic) Perform
various functions for a cell Found in the cytoplasm May or may not
be membrane-bound copyright cmassengale
Slide 21
Types of Eukaryotes Unicellular (Protozoa) Protists Paramecium,
amoebae Fungi Yeast Multicellular (Metazoa) Fungi Plants Animals
Reproduction for ALL eukaryotes may be asexual or sexual
Slide 22
Features in Common between Eukaryote & Prokayrote Both
eukaryote and prokaryote cells have these features in common: 1)
Surrounded by a plasma/cell membrane This determines what enters
and leaves the cell It is thin and flexible and does not provide
much structural support Ex: school doors 2) Have RIBOSOMES MAKES
proteins by linking amino acids (protein synthesis) 3) Have DNA or
RNA as genetic material 22
Slide 23
TWO MAIN TYPES OF EUKARYOTIC CELLS Plant Cell Animal Cell
Slide 24
Exit Slip-November 24, 2014 Draw your own prokaryotic cell and
label the following: (KNOW THIS WITHOUT LOOKING AT YOUR NOTES LATER
ON): Cell membrane Flagella Cytoplasm Cell wall Nucleoid Region
Capsule Pili Ribosomes