Bellringer November 19thNeed compbook and pencil!

Copy the following into your agenda1. I can describe the relationship among genes, chromosomes, and inherited traits. 2. I can interpret a Punnett square to predict possible genetic combinations passed from parent to offspring.

Heredity vocabulary booklet, Due Monday, Nov. 24th

1. heredity2. recessive trait3. dominant trait4. gene5. allele6. phenotype7. genotype8. probability9. homologous chromosome10. meiosis11. sex chromosome12. pedigree

HeredityThe passing of traits from parents to offspring

Gregor Mendel - father of genetics

TraitsDominant traits - trait

observed in the first generation when parents that have different traits are bred

Recessive traits - a trait that reappears in the second generation after disappearing in the first generation when parents with different traits are bred

SummaryHeredity is the passing of traits from

parent to offspring.Gregor Mendel made carefully planned

experiements using pea plants that could self-pollinate.

When parents with different traits are bred, dominant traits are always present in the first generation. Recessive traits are not visible in the first generation but reappear in the second generation.

Mendel found a 3:1 ratio of dominant-to-recessive traits in the second generation.

The Punnett Square

Probability

genes - one set of instructions for an inherited trait

phenotype - an organism's appearance

genotype - both inherited alleles together

SummaryInstructions for an inherited trait are called

genes. For each gene, there are two alleles, one from each parent. Both alleles make up an organism's genotype. Phenotype is an organism's appearance.

Punnett squares show all possible offspring genotypes.

Probability can be used to describe possible outcomes in offspring and the likelihood of each outcome.

Incomplete dominance occurs when one allele is not completely dominant over the other allele.

Some genes influence more than one trait.