Bellringer• Define Prehistory

Agenda1. Finish Pre-History notes2. The Paleolithic Era3. Hunter-gatherer life4. Summarizing Text

ObjectivesStudents will be able to…3. Define and describe culture.4. List the major advances early

humans made during the Paleolithic Era.

5. Describe hunter-gatherer life.

Skills ObjectivesStudents will be able to…

2. Take effective notes from textbook readings.

3. Interpret information presented in charts and graphs.

4. Create efficient summaries of written texts.

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Fossils• Solidified remains of living things

Using Artifacts• Some assembly required–Like a giant puzzle with no idea what

the picture will be• What if we use things for different

purposes?• If we know what, do we know when?• Some things get lost

Studying the Past• Archeology • Anthropology

Objective #2

Archeology• The study of the human past by

examining artifacts and remains–Excavation–Hoping to find ancient settlements,

burial sites, tools, etc.

Carbon Dating• A scientific test used to

analyze the age of artifacts and fossils

• (based on the half-life decay of Carbon-14… ask a science teacher)

• Pretty accurate for the last 40,000 years or so

Anthropology• Study of human origins, relationships,

and cultures–Try to determine how humans

evolved (physically and culturally)–Archeology is a subfield of

anthropology• What is culture?

Culture• Culture is a system of beliefs, values,

and assumptions about life that guide behavior and are shared by a group of people

• Everyone has culture• What does culture include?

Objective #3

Our Culture• What will archeologists and

anthropologists use to understand our culture in 10,000 years?

Early Humans

Objective #4

Early Humans• Start our story at the dawn of the

Paleolithic Era, about 2.5 million years ago–the Old Stone Age–Humans created the first tools

made out of stone

Better than Monkeys

• Early humans developed1. Simple stone tools2. Control of fire3. Oral language

• All keys to cooperating in hunts, which bring food and resources

Wise Man• Smarter, larger-brained humans known

as homo sapiens (Latin for “wise man”)–Developed technology•Clothing•Shelter•Art

• Homo sapiens are modern humans

Out of Africa• Homo sapiens arose in Africa about

200,000 years ago• Migration to all continents (except

Antarctica) beginning around 100,000 years ago

Out of AfricaWhy? Why did ancient humans leave Africa?

Hunter-gatherer Life

People Profiles

Objective #5

Source of Food• Hunting–Main source, whatever they could

catch, kill, and cook!• Gathering–Wild fruits, vegetables, nuts, grains,

etc.• Get it? Hunter-gatherers!

Size of Groups• Small groups –Clans: 60-100 people, one or a few

extended families

• Why?

Permanent Settlements

• No! They were nomads• Why move?–Follow herds–No food left–Seasons change•Too cold or hot•No water left

Location Factors• Mainly, Paleolithic (and prehistoric)

people followed their food–Animals migrate, so did the people

• Overpopulation (of people)• Overconsumption (of resources in

one spot)

Getting Along• Cooperation was necessary for survival• Knew everyone in their clan – all relatives• No private property – no where to put it• No fighting other groups – no one around• Finding food…just not that hard

Charts and Graphs

GREEK NAME

ROMAN NAME

RESPONSIBILITIES

Aphrodite Venus goddess of beauty and loveAres Mars god of warArtemis Diana goddess of hunting and childbirthAthena Minerva goddess of war, wisdom, and craftsDemeter Ceres goddess of the harvestHera Juno protector of women; wife of

Zeus/JupiterHermes Mercury messenger of the godsHades Pluto god of the UnderworldPoseidon Neptune god of the seaZeus Jupiter king of the gods

Summarizing Text

Some Terms• Summarize • Paraphrase• Plagiarize

Some Tips• Use structure and organization• Include major details• Leave out unimportant information• Show connections between ideas• DON’T COPY THE TEXT!!!

Some Practice• Read the excerpt from page 12 of

your textbook and write a VERY short summary

Bad Sample• For a long time people used to

wander like nomads. Cro-Magnons hunted and gathered. Then they made technology and hunted better.

Good Sample• Over time, humans became more

effective at finding food. At first, nomads moved often to find more food to hunt or gather. Later, Cro-Magnons invented tools and then technology (like knives and needles) to improve their lives.

Some More Practice• Read the article about cannibalism

and write a short summary

Ending Class• All the summarizing practice goes

under Tools in your binder• Homework: Guided Reading notes

for Chapter 1.2!