1. What is the Renaissance called in England?

2. What was the goal of Christian humanists?

3. Who was the most well-known Christian humanist of the time?

BELLRINGER

Printing Spreads Renaissance Ideals

• Johann Gutenberg invents printing press

• 1st Book printed = Gutenberg Bible

• Now possible to produce books cheaply & quickly

Legacy of the Renaissance

• Changes in the Arts– Used styles Ancient Greece & Rome – Realistic portrayals of individuals & nature– Begin writing in vernacular– Art praised individual achievement (HUMANISM)

Changes in Society

• Printing Press makes info available and affordable• Results increased literacy• Publication of new discoveries leads to more new

discoveries• People understand laws better • Christian Humanists try to reform society• People begin questioning gov’t and religious

practices

Ch. 1-3: Luther leads the reformation

The Catholic Church• Catholic = Universal• Headquartered in Rome• Leader is Pope• World’s largest Christian church• Was most powerful influence over

people’s lives

Causes of the Reformation (p.54)

Social Political Economic ReligiousHumanism & Secularism led people to question Church

Monarchs didn’t like that Church was more powerful

Monarchs were jealous of pope’s wealth

Some church leaders were corrupt and worldly

Printing press helps spread ideas

Monarchs viewed pope as foreign

Merchants didn’t like paying taxes to church

Many didn’t like the sale of indulgences

Some Catholic Beliefs• If you died with a dirty soul you

would go to either Purgatory or straight to hell.

• You had to go to Church and the Priest would punish you to clean your Soul.– You could buy an indulgence

• If you died with a clean Soul you would go to heaven.

Who was Martin Luther?• German monk, religious scholar and professor.• While comparing the Latin Catholic Bible with

the original Greek & Hebrew he found that certain parts were incorrectly translated.

• Also disagreed with selling indulgences• Luther nailed his 95 complaints on the door of a

Church in Wittenburg in 1517.• The 95 Theses were copied, printed, and

distributed all over Germany

What are they?Luther’s formal statements attacking indulgences

1517 – Luther posts the 95 Theses on the door of the church and invites other scholars to debate himSalvation is by faith alone, not faith and good worksChurch teachings should only be based on the Bible –

not the popeAll people with faith are equal no need for priests to

interpret the Bible for them95 Theses are printed and distributed all over

EuropeLuther’s actions begin the Reformation

The 95 Theses

Pope Leo X's ThreatAt first, Church

considered Luther a rebel who needed to be punished

Luther suggests Christians drive the pope out

Luther is excommunicated

Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire (HRE)Devout CatholicSummons Luther to trial in Worms, GermanyCommands Luther to recant (take back) his

statements but Luther refusesCharles V issues Edict of Worms:

Declares Luther an outlaw and hereticLuther’s books are burnedNo one is to give Luther food or shelterPrince Frederick disobeys and hides Luther

Charles V

Begin applying Luther’s ideas to societyRaid monasteries, pillaging & burningLuther is not happy

Asks the German princes to show no mercyPrinces win, kill 10,000 people

Peasants feel betrayed and reject Luther’s religionPrinces support Luther

Not because they believe, but seize opportunity to take power away from HRE

Princes sign a protest agreement against the Catholic Church Become known as Protestants

The Peasants' Revolt

Charles V goes to war with German princes

Charles wins, but the princes refuse to be Catholic

Peace of AugsburgPrinces agree that each ruler could

decide the religion of his state

Peace of Augsburg

Henry is a devout CatholicWrites a stinging attack on

Luther’s 95 ThesesPope gives Henry the title

“Defender of the Faith”Henry’s father became king

after a long civil warHenry is desperate for a sonHe only has 1 child with his

wife, a daughter

Reformation goes to England

Activity• Design your own Martin

Luther Poster.• Include five or more of

Martin Luther’s theses against the Catholic Church.

• You can age your poster for HW.

Activity

Catholic Church Protestant Church

• Using the slides with the pictures of a Catholic & Protestant Church, complete the table below to show the key differences

A Catholic Church

A Protestant Church

Catholic Church

Clothes worn by Catholic Priest in 16th Century

Notice the image of Christ

Clothes Worn by Protestant Vicars (Priests)

What other changes took place?