Bellringer

• Turn in your definitions to the Homework Bin– Also turn in your late interim, or any other late

work too!• Pick up your supply bin from the bookshelf!

• BJOTD: Why do nuns like Swiss cheese the best?

Why did Europeans go Exploring?

1. There was a demand for gold, spices, and natural resources in Europe

• During the Crusades, Europeans had been introduced to luxury goods and spices from Asia and after the wars Europeans still wanted these goods

• With the loss of Constantinople in 1453, Europeans needed new maritime (by ship) routes for trade

• Spices, such as nutmeg, ginger, cinnamon, and pepper added flavor to the bland foods in Europe

• Since demand was so high, merchants could charge high prices and make a lot of profit (money)

2. There was support for the diffusion (spreading) of Christianity

• After the Crusades, European nations believed they had a duty to convert non-Christians to Christianity throughout the world.

• Dias wrote, “…to serve God and His Majesty, to give light to those who are in darkness and to grow rich as all men desire to do.”

3. Political and economic competition between European Empires

• European nations each wanted the respect that comes with an important discovery, and the money that comes with finding new things to trade

4. There were many discoveries in navigational arts made by both Europeans and Muslims

• Until the 1400s, it would have been impossible for explorers to make the 3,000 mile trip

• 1400-a new type of ship was invented: the caravel– The caravel was sturdier

than other vessels and had triangle sails that allowed it to sail more efficiently in the wind.

• Astrolabe: helped sailors determine their location on the sea

• Magnetic Compass: used the earth’s magnetic field to determine direction (N, S,E,W)

5. Prince Henry helped Portugal take the lead in the exploration race

• Henry first learned of the land beyond Europe when he conquered the Muslim city of Ceuta in Northern Africa in 1415

• He went back to Portugal determined the reach the riches of the Far East and spread Christianity

• 1419: he founded a navigational school in Portugal– Mapmakers, compass and astrolabe

makers, shipbuilders, scientists, and sea captains studied here to become the best

Processing

• Which of the motives do you think was most important to the Europeans and why?

• Why was Prince Henry important to the beginnings of exploration?

Vasco da Gama

• Sailed from Portugal• Went to India• Known for finding a

new route to Asia by sailing – (he went around Africa)

Christopher Columbus

• From Spain• Went to the Americas

(the Caribbean)• He is known for being

the first European to travel to the Caribbean

Hernando Cortez

• From Spain• Went to Mexico• Known for conquering the

Aztec Empire

Francisco Pizarro

• From Spain• Went to the Americas

(South America—Peru)• Known for conquering

the Incan Empire

Ferdinand Magellan• From Spain• Went all around the

globe. (He circumnavigated the world!)

• Known for being the first to circumnavigate the world– But…he died when he was

¾ of the way around—his crew made it back to Spain

Francis Drake

• Sailed from England• Went around the globe• Known for being the

first British man to circumnavigate the world AND for being a pirate

Jacques Cartier

• From France• Went to the Americas

(Canada)• Known for discovering

Canada

Processing

• Which one of the above explorers do you think affected the world we live in today the most? Why?

Classwork

• Directions: You will be making an advertisement encouraging people to explore. Your goal: to get people to start their own explorations for a European country of your choice.– Requirements:• Emphasize the 5 motivations/reasons why exploration took place

(in words AND pictures)• Use the voyages and achievements of at least THREE of the

explorers we discussed today to help people become interested in exploring!

– Materials: paper, COLORING!, books, other materials…– If not completed, needs to be finished tonight