Bellringer• Get ready for your quiz!

• After your quiz, complete the “Treaty of Versailles” Worksheet individually

• BJOTD: What happens when two oxen bump into each other?

The Flawed Peace

The Peace Talks

• The peace discussions took place at the Palace of Versailles in 1918.

• 32 nations met. The Big Four were:– USA (Woodrow Wilson), France, Great Britain,

Italy

Wilson’s 14 Points• Woodrow Wilson came up with the

Fourteen Points, which outlined a plan for a just and lasting peace worldwide– Freedom of trade and seas– Aid to colonial people– Redrawing borders of countries– 14th point: the creation of a general

group that would protect all nations– Main Idea: Self-determination• People have the right to decide the fate of

their own nation

The Allies Dictate a Harsh Peace

• France wanted to treat Germany very harshly• June 28, 1919, the Treaty of Versailles was

signed– Germany lost a lot of territory and had military

restrictions– Germany was held to blame for the war: “war

guilt”– Germany had to pay for all the damage: 33 billion– Germany lost all of its territories

Military Restrictions: Do Not Write

• Germany is not allowed to have tanks, airplanes, submarines, large warships and poison gas.

• During 15 years Germany is not allowed to station troops on the left border of the river Rhine and in a 50 km strip on the right border of the Rhine.

• The total size of the Germany army is not to exceed 100.000 men.

• The German navy has a maximum of 15.000 men.

“Lost but not Forgotten Land”

“You must carve in your heart These words, as in stone

What we have lostWe will regain!”

League of Nations

• League of Nations-adopted from Wilson’s 14th point– International peace group– The 5 allied powers were permanent members of

the executive council• US, Great Britain, France, Italy, Japan

– Germany and Russia left out

The Creation of New Nations

• Other treaties were signed with Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire. All resulted in the loss of territory– Austria-Hungary lost Austria, Hungary,

Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia– Russia lost Finland, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania

(all became independent nations)

The Mandate System

• The nations created out of the former Ottoman Empire were not independent: they were mandates of France and Great Britain– Mandate: a commission by the League of Nations

to create a responsible government in a former colony

• Iraq, Palestine, and Transjordan=Great Britain; Syria and Lebanon=France

“A Peace built on Quicksand”

• America refused to sign the treaty and decided to stay out of all European affairs

• Germans were angry because they got all the blame for the war

• Colonial participation in the war led to increased colonial demands for independence

• Japan and Italy did not gain as much territory as they wanted and so became bitter

• The League of Nations was weak and did not have the power to mediate conflicts

The Legacy of the War

• New technology• 8.5 million soldiers dead• 21 million wounded• Many civilians died of starvation, disease and

slaughter• War cost 33 billion dollars• Acres of land were destroyed • Italy, Japan, Russia and Germany are all very

unhappy

Ending Activities

• Page 381- Skill builder 1 and 2• Page 383- #3• Page 383- Skill Builder 1 and 2 • Page 385- Focus on Graphs – ALL 3