Bellringer 5/20/14 and 5/21/14Get out of your notebook the political parties/ election note sheet from yesterday’s class. Put your homework on your desk. As soon as you get your Chapter 15 Political Parties Packet back, turn to page #3 and check your answers with the answer key below.• Election of 1860 Answers

Page #3 of the packet• 1. Douglas• 2. Lincoln• 3. Breckenridge• 4. Breckenridge• 5. Lincoln• 6. Bell• 7. Bell• 8. Lincoln• 9. Douglas

• 10. Bell• 11. Lincoln• 12. Lincoln• 13. Breckenridge• 14. Douglas• 15. Breckenridge• 16. Douglas• 17. Lincoln• 18. Douglas

Election Data Map Answers• 1. 18 states/ north/ free states• 2. 11 states/ south/ slave states • 3. sectionalism/ split on issue of slavery• 4. 3 states---Kentucky, Tennessee, and Virginia—border states—didn’t want

fighting—would effect their areas the most• 5. really only 1 (NJ split votes/ NOT majority)/ shows that when democrats

split party—vote went to Republican• 6. popular vote—

– A---Lincoln 1,867,198—1st place 180– B---Douglas 1,379,434—2nd place 12– Breckenridge 854,248—3rd 72- Bell 591,658—4th 39

C-- North has a HIGHER populationD--- South very LITTLE political influence

**Remember Lincoln’s name was NOT even on 10 southern state’s ballots**

---Election was really a battle of Lincoln V. Douglas in the north AND Bell V. Breckenridge in the south

Review Questions

• What was the first political party to take a stance on the slavery issue?• Free Soil Party• Who was the first Republican candidate to run for the Presidency?• John Fremont• Who was the Democratic candidate in 1856?• James Buchanan• Who won the Presidency in 1856?• James Buchanan—had both northern and southern appeal• Why is Buchanan routinely rated as one of the WORST presidents ever?• Did nothing to stop the oncoming Civil War• Did not stop the South from seceding• Who was the first Republican to win the Presidency?• Abraham Lincoln• What happened to the Democrat party before the 1860 election?• Split in 2• How did Lincoln win the Presidency in 1860?• Higher northern population• Split Democratic party (Republican party was united)

Election of 1860

• 1856—James Buchanan elected• Decides NOT to run again• Are parties divided by sections?• YES Republican party is a northern party• NO the Democrats represent both North and

South• What issue will divide the Democratic party?• slavery

1860

• The Democratic Party Splits– Northern and Southern Democrats had very

different ideas– Southerners wanted the party to defend SLAVERY– Northerners wanted the party to support

POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY– Northerners win the platform vote and Southern

delegates leave the party

1860

• Northern Democrats nominated STEPHEN DOUGLAS– Popular sovereignty

• Southern Democrats nominated JOHN BRECKINRIDGE– Pro-slavery/ Government should protect slavery

• Republicans nominated ABRAHAM LINCOLN– Stop slavery from expanding into territories

• 3rd Party Constitutional Union Party nominated JOHN BELL– Goal was to preserve the Union

• 1860 election has 4 candidates

Republicans---united

• R-nominate Abraham Lincoln (H of R, L/D debates)

• Opposed extension of slavery into territories• South—threatens to leave if Republican elected• A united party faces a split Democratic party???• Election becomes Lincoln V. Douglas in north and

Bell V. Breckenridge in the South• Plus who has a higher population???• What will happen in 1860????• Lincoln’s name is not even on 10 southern states’

ballots—will this make a difference????

1860

• Race becomes 2 different races– North is LINCOLN against DOUGLAS– South is BRECKINRIDGE against BELLResults– LINCOLN wins the election– Lincoln wins north, Breckinridge wins in the south, Bell

& Douglas win border states– See map page 500/ look at election results– South feels they no longer have a say in government

• South feels their way of life is threatened

Election of 1860 – Big Picture

• How did Lincoln win?– Democratic party splits over slavery– 4 candidates – Lincoln (R), Douglas (ND),

Breckenridge (SD), Bell (CU)– Two races develop:• N – Lincoln vs. Douglas – who wins?• S – Breckenridge vs. Bell – who wins?• Who wins overall?

– North large population wins the elections with realistically with NO Southern support

The votes• Lincoln 40% 180• Douglas 30% 12• Breckenridge 18% 72• Bell 12% 39

• Less than 40% popular vote• South feared a Republican President/ no influence in

government• Work to abolish slavery??• Lame Duck period—Nov. to March for Buchanan• Buchanan does NOTHING---watches South leave• By the time Lincoln becomes President, the CSA has been

established---7 states seceded---SC, Alabama, FL, GA, LA, Mississippi, Texas—choose Jefferson Davis as President

• South began seizing federal forts and arsenals in the south• Buchanan no action---preserve peace until Lincoln takes office

What happens next?

• Secession

Southern states take action

• 1. The word secede means to withdraw from the Union (country)

• 2. Southerners based their arguments to secede on the principle of states’ rights, the idea that states have certain rights that the federal government can not overrule.

• 3. The South also argued that if as a state they voluntarily joined the union, they could voluntarily leave it.

• 4. On December 20, 1860 South Carolina became the first southern state to secede.

• 5. 6 Southern states followed. MS, FL, AL, GA, LA, & TX

The Confederacy

• 6. In Feb. 1861, the 7 Southern States met in Montgomery, Alabama and formed the Confederate States of America

• 7. The President of the CSA was Jefferson Davis• 8. The Confederate Constitution was modeled after US

Constitution• 9. Differences included:

– Supported states’ rights– Protected slavery including in the territories– 6 year term for President– No government money for internal improvements– No special protection for industry (no tariff)– No international slave trade (video)

Secession…Constitutional or not?

• 10. South made plans to defend their separation, but still hoped to avoid war.

• 11. Northerners considered secession to be unconstitutional.

• 12. James Buchanan believed that the federal government not the states were sovereign.

• 13. Secession also raised the issue of majority rule. Southerners feared that the North would abolish slavery, and the North claimed the South was not willing to lived with the election results.

Last Ditch Effort to Save the Country

• 14. What did the Crittenden Compromise state?– Extend MO Compromise Line– Congress should not abolish slavery in a slave state– Federal gov’t should compensate slave owners

• 15. Did the Crittenden Compromise pass?– Defeated in the Senate

• 16. On March 4th, Lincoln took the oath of office. How did he assure the south?– Told the South he had no intention of abolishing slavery

• 17. What was Lincoln forceful about in his speech?– That secession was not acceptable

• 18. How did Lincoln appeal to the friendship of the South? – Reminded the South that we all were involved in the

Revolution• 19. What would Lincoln not abandon in the South?– Government forts

• 20. Why might these forts be a problem for the North and South?– They are going to need to be resupplied

The Confederacy

• Creating the Confederacy----Problems-----only existed on paper initially needed to pass laws, regulate trade, punish wrongdoers, create a post office, find money, create an army/ navy, no political base of support (no parties), getting recognition from foreign countries,

• Confederacy began to take control of all Federal property----------military forts, Post Offices, custom houses (all forts except Fort Sumter/ Fort Pickens came under Confederate control)

• Confederacy authorized use of force to get control of the 2 forts

Show Video

• FORT SUMTER• -location in Charleston harbor • -Question---did the Confederate have the right to take over Federal

property? Sending in troops could start a war/ not responding could imply states had a right to secede

• Confederates believed north was now a “foreign power”• Fort Sumter/ South Carolina• Guarded Charleston harbor• -Lincoln made it known he would re-supply the fort with food and supplies

NOT weapons• -Confederate would NOT allow for new supplies and asked Maj. Robert

Anderson-Union- to surrender the Fort on April 11, 1861• -Anderson refused and Confederate guns (under Beauregard--C) opened fire

on the Union• -Anderson runs out of ammo and surrenders April 13th

• ( 0 casualties)• -First shots, not a “big” battle• Marks start of Civil War

Test Format—70 scantron/summativeSit in Testing Seats!

• 1-15 Acts, Compromise Matching– Compromise of 1850, Missouri Compromise, Wilmot Proviso,

Fugitive Slave Act, Kansas-Nebraska Act– See Compromises Review Sheet

• 16-30 Matching ---People– Elections, candidates, leaders,

• 31-42 Election of 1860– Bell, Breckenridge, Douglas, Lincoln– See page #3 in packet (VERY similar)

• 43-70 Multiple Choice—all topics– Don’t forget North/South chart and graph– See studyguide for list of items to study

• Short Answers 8-10– Vocabulary words, election of 1860, Buchanan, north and

south differences, key events that lead to the Civil War