Bellringer: 10/22 and 10/23

Using your notes from last class, name as many advancements of the Mauryan and Gupta Empires in classical India as possible.

Talk with your neighbors quietly about your answers.

Table of Contents Update:

Page 38: Classical China NotesPage 39: Unit 3 Study Guide

Agenda: 10/22 and 10/23

1. Bellringer2. Notes: Classical China3. Study Guide Review (Block 3)4. Squares Game (Blocks 5 & 8)

Classical China:Qin, Han Dynasties and Chinese Philosophies

Ms. Allen

2015-16

Pre-AP WHI

1. The dynastic cycle and the Mandate of Heaven

1. New family establishes dynasty (new institutions, economy)

2. Dynasty grows weak

3. Internal rebellions and/or external rebellions4. New dynasty emerges

Mandate of Heaven

Belief that the gods transfer power to a certain family meant to establish a dynasty and rule the region How is the mandate lost?

Emperors were Sons of Heaven

Timeline of Classical China

Shang: 1766 - 1122 BCEZhou: 1029 - 258 BCEEra of Warring States: 402 BCE - 201 BCEQin: 221 - 202 BCEHan: 202 BCE - 220 CE

Timeline of Classical China

Shang: 1766 - 1122 BCEZhou: 1029 - 258 BCEEra of Warring States: 402 BCE - 201 BCEQin: 221 - 202 BCEHan: 202 BCE - 220 CE

2. Period of Warring States402 BCE - 201 BCE

Competing interests of landowning class and ruling class cause political turmoil

Landowners raise own military - origins of regional warlords

No political unity - China is exceptionally weak

Cultural innovations survive Results in new philosophies

3. Qin Dynasty: Main Ideas

Emerges out of Period of Warring States Promotes Legalism Great Wall Founder: Shi Huangdi (“First Emperor”) Goals:

Unify and expand China Restore order

9. Han Dynasty: Main Ideas

One of the golden ages of Chinese civilization

Promotes tradition (ancestor worship, respecting elders)

Many advancements made in technology and innovation

Confucianism over Legalism

Dynasties in China

Qin Dynasty

4. Qin:Geography

4. Qin: Religion

Remains polytheistic Religion = less important under Qin than Han

Reduces influence of ancestor worship

Qin : Achievements/Culture

Confucianism looked down upon and followers persecuted

Legalism promoted Architectural: Initiates construction of Great

Wall; Terracotta Soldiers/Tomb of Shi Huangdi Uniform written language Banned books

Way to consolidate power

5. Qin: Political Emperor had complete control over all aspects

of society Civil service exams, not social class,

determine your job in the government Bureaucratic gov’t

Power of nobles reduced Expansion-minded

Army crush rivals and regional rebellions Took land in Hong Kong, Vietnam

8. Qin: Economics Introduced standard weights and measures Eliminated the very rare practice of slavery Forced labor necessary for construction projects Extremely high taxes Sponsored agricultural projects (irrigation) and

manufacturing of silk

4. Qin: Social

Primogeniture eliminated (practice of having eldest son inherit all property and land) Less emphasis placed on social class under

Qin dynasty Nobles must live in Emperor’s court

Not allowed to live on ancestral, inherited land “Keep your friends close and your enemies

closer”

Why did the Qin Dynasty fall?

Shi Huangdi Extremely paranoid; killed off suspected enemies (nobles,

intellectuals, warlords) Desire to control EVERYTHING

High taxes, forced labor = people Shi Huangdi dies in 210 BCE; followed by 8 years of

peasant revolts to determine successor - winner establishes Han Dynasty

Dynasties in China

Han Dynasty

4. Han: Geography

10. Han: ReligionEmphasized ancestor worship, traditional

religionPolytheistic

13. Han: Achievements

Emphasis on filial piety (respecting one’s elders, family)

Direct trade with Rome Massive achievements in science,

technology, medicine, and arts Inventions include paper, plows,

harness/collar, pulleys, wheelbarrow

11. Han: Political Centralized government Expanded territory (into Korea, Indochina, parts

of Central Asia) Bureaucratic structure linked to

Confucianism More emphasis on social standing than in Qin

dynasty Civil service exams + social standing = your civil

service position in the government

14. Han: Economics Trade and agriculture dominated the Han

economy Using coins made of copper as currency

Trade along the Silk Road strengthened Nationalization of salt, iron industries Growth in national and local

businesses and industries

10. Han: SocialSocial stratification exists

Landed gentry (nobles), educated bureaucrats, skilled workers, farmers, peasants

More social mobility than in India Poor people = could move up by passing civil service exam

– not easy to do thoughPatriarchal societyBrings back primogeniture (everything goes through

the first-born son)

Rise of Chinese Philosophies

ConfucianismDaoism/TaoismLegalism

ConfucianismFive Basic Relationships in Society

Ruler/Subject Father/Son Husband/Wife Older Brother/Younger Brother Friend/Friend

Chinese gentleman - education and moral standards; birth status not important

Bureaucracy - those who help run government Courteous, precise, generous, just/fair

Confucianism

Founder: Confucius (K’ung Fu Tzu) Lives during Period

of Warring States Scholar - history,

music, ethics Main Writing: The

Analects Promoted by

followers - Mencius

Daoism/TaoismFounded by Lao Tze (604-531 BCE)Main Writing: Tao-te-Ching (The Way of Virtue)Human actions are not importantSearch for knowledge and understanding of

natureMost important part of society is natural order

of things (natural forces, yin/yang) The Tao (The Way) – guides all things

Legalism

Practical, political reaction to Confucianism Founder: Han Feizi - 3rd century BCE

Main idea: Powerful and efficient government is key to restoring order

Laws will end civil war and restore harmony Rewards to good subjects and punish disobedient Rulers must control ideas and actions of people Favored by Shi Huangdi during Qin dyansty