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BELLRINGER How close a group of measurements
are to each other is called
est
imat
ion
acc
uracy
pre
cisio
n
perc
ent erro
r
0% 0%0%0%
1. estimation
2. accuracy
3. precision
4. percent error
Inside Earth
Chapter 1 Section 1
Earth’s Interior
Page 6 – Fig. 1
Watch the video:
On which two continents
were fossil bones of
Brachiosaurus found?
brachiosaurus301
I. Exploring Inside Earth
A. Earth’s Center is 6,000 km deep
B. How we learn
1. Direct evidence
a. Rock samples
2. Indirect evidence
a. Seismic waves
b. Speed & paths reveal structure
II. Journey to Earth’s Center
A. Three layers of earth
B. Temperature increases with depth
1. Heat from Earth’s formation
2. Radioactive decay
C. Pressure also increases
1. More rock pressing down
Page 9 – Fig. 4
Pages 10 & 11
III. The Crust
A. Outer layer
1. Dry land
a. Continental crust
b. Granite
2. Ocean floor
a. Oceanic crust
b. Basalt
B. Thinnest layer
1. 5 – 40 km thick
2. Up to 70 km beneath mountains
Crust 222
IV. Mantle – hot rock
A. Lithosphere – “stone”
1. Uppermost mantle & crust
2. Approximately 100 km thick
B. Asthenosphere
1. Bendable rock
C. Lower mantle
1. Still solid
mantle229
V. Core
A. Outer core
1. Molten metal
2. Iron (Fe) & Nickel (Ni)
3. Movement causes magnetic field
B. Inner core
1. Solid metal
a. High pressure
The Core • The core is made mostly of the metals iron
and nickel. It consists of two parts–a liquid
outer core and a solid inner core.
- Earth’s Interior
sei
smic w
aves
.
roc
k sa
mpl
es.
liquid
iron.
volc
anic e
rupt
ion.
0% 0%0%0%
Holes drilled several kilometers
into Earth’s crust provide direct
evidence about Earth’s interior in
the form of
1. seismic waves.
2. rock samples.
3. liquid iron.
4. volcanic eruption. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
measuring pressure d...
estimating temperatur...
directly looking unde...
recording and studyi..
0% 0%0%0%
Geologists obtain indirect evidence
about Earth’s interior by
1. measuring pressure differences at
Earth’s surface.
2. estimating temperature inside earth.
3. directly looking under the many
layers.
4. recording and studying seismic
waves.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Core 140
Temperature Inside the Earth •The graph shows how temperatures change between Earth’s surface and the bottom of the mantle. On this graph the temperature at the Earth’s surface is 0oC. Study the graph carefully and then answer the questions.
- Earth’s Interior
Temperature Inside the Earth
–The depth increases.
• Reading Graphs:
– As you move from left to right on the x-axis, how does depth inside the Earth change?
- Earth’s Interior
Temperature Inside the Earth
–About 1,600oC
• Estimating:
– What is the temperature at the boundary between the lithosphere and the asthenosphere?
- Earth’s Interior
Temperature Inside the Earth
–About 3,200oC
• Estimating:
– What is the temperature at the boundary between the lower mantle and the core?
- Earth’s Interior
Temperature Inside the Earth
–It generally increases with
depth.
• Interpreting Data:
– How does temperature
change with depth in
Earth’s interior?
- Earth’s Interior
crust, outer core, inne...
mantle, outer core, inn..
crust, m
antle, outer c...
outer core, inner core...
0% 0%0%0%
What is the correct order (starting from
the surface) of Earth’s layers?
1. crust, outer core, inner core,
mantle
2. mantle, outer core, inner core,
crust
3. crust, mantle, outer core, inner
core
4. outer core, inner core, crust,
mantle
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
a den
se ball o
f so
lid ...
a la
yer of m
olten
metal.
a la
yer of hot r
ock.
a la
yer of rock
tha
t f...
0% 0%0%0%
Earth’s inner core is
1. a dense ball of solid metal.
2. a layer of molten metal.
3. a layer of hot rock.
4. a layer of rock that forms
Earth’s outer skin.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
