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Mental DisordersMental Disorders

4 types of mental disorders

• Organic brain disorders

• Mood and Anxiety disorder

• Personality Disorders

• Psychotic disorder

Organic Brain Disorders• These types of disorders are the

direct result of physical (throughout the body) changes and diseases that affect the brain. These all lead to some degree of confusion and delusions in addition to anxiety and anger.

Examples of organic brain disorders

• Degenerative diseases– 1)Huntington disease-a genetic disease that consists of

abnormal movements, dementia, and psychological problems.2. Multiple Sclerosis-An immune system disorder that affects the central nervous system (brain & spinal cord).3. Senile dementia-Alzheimer’s type 4. Parkinson’s Disease-Nerve disorder that causes tremors and paralysis

• Cardiovascular disorders– These are disorders related to the heart, the main one

being strokes, there are several others such as TIA and disorders related to high blood pressure

• Trauma induced – These are all related to brain injury, hemorrhages and

concussions • Drug and Alcohol related

– Intoxication, drug and alcohol withdrawal symptoms

Mood and Anxiety Disorders

• Some of the major disorders in this category are:– Depression– Phobias– obsessive-compulsive disorders– bipolar-affective disorder– PTSD, Panic disorders

• These can be so mild that others might not even be aware that the patient has them, to affecting every moment of our daily life and leading to a total disability. Some causes for these diseases are previous situations, for example: especially traumatic events, such as sexual abuse victims and war vets usually have PTSD and several other phobias in addition. Some are genetic or congenital such as Bi-polar disease.

Personality Disorders• It is a range of disorders that stem from long

term use of poor coping skills. These can vary, but all of them consist of behaving in situations that are different than what society expects. They are chronic poor ways of reacting to other people, and also to very stressful situations. These also are pervasive and are not flexible. These conditions seem to be stable for a period of time and then a breakdown occurs seemingly all at once.

3 clusters of personality disorders

1. Odd unusual Behavior - includinga. Paranoid personality -a person feeling that everyone and everything is against them when in reality this is not true.b. Schizoid Personality - apathetic to others and no desire to socialize.

2. Dramatic, emotional or erratic behaviorThese include-a. Antisocial personality -avoiding peopleb. Borderline personality -erratic emotions and relating to people.c. Histrionic personality -attention seekers-manipulators - Tends to exaggerate relationships-"everyone loves me"d. Narcissistic personality -self centered person

3. Anxious fearfulIncludes:a. Avoidant personality disorder-fear of taking risks, gullible, hyper-sensitive, avoids all things that include social interaction.b. Dependent personality disorder-due to neglect-needy, has been abandoned and feel it will happen again.c. Obsessive-compulsive personality-anxiety disorder, repetitive, compelling thoughts and obsessions concerning things that aren’t reality (i.e. cleaning things that are already clean).

Psychotic disorder• This is a collection of diseases that severely affect the brain

and thinking processes. These people have difficulty thinking rationally and their judgments are impaired. Living their daily life becomes very, very difficult. However, for even the worst of these disorders there is treatment available. The most prevalent symptoms of these diseases are usually delusions and hallucinations. Delusions believe certain facts even after those facts have been proven wrong. Hallucinations are similar to delusions in that the belief is wrong; however hallucinations are felt with the senses and are not thoughts. "Hearing things" or "seeing things" are examples of hallucinations. Some other symptoms are: strange behaviors (may be dangerous to themselves or others), lack of personal hygiene, decreased interest in doing things, strange speech patterns that are not understandable, mood swings, relationship difficulties, slow or strange movements

Major psychotic disorders

1. Schizophrenia-these people have symptoms that last longer than six months, symptoms such as delusions, and hallucinations are usual symptoms of this disorder.

2. Schizophreniform – The people suffering from this disorder also have symptoms of Schizophrenia, but it doesn’t last longer than six months.

3. Schizoaffective disorder-these people have both schizophrenia and other mood or affective disorders such as bipolar disorder

4. Delusional disorder-These people have delusions that last not less than a month. These delusions can be strange thoughts such as being followed, or, similar to paranoia, thinking others are ganging up against them.

5. Substance-abuse psychotic disorder-psychotic episodes -that are due to alcohol or drug withdrawal, these symptoms are usually confused speech, delusions, and hallucinations.