Bell Work

•Tell me the first thought that you have when I say ”Muslim Empire”

The Muslim Empire

A Muslim Empire

• After Muhammad’s death– Caliphs chosen to govern Muslim community

• Political & military ruler who lives by Muhammad’s example & following the Quran’s teachings

• First 4 caliphs=unite Arabia under Islam– Spread Islam was next goal– 651=Conquered Egypt, N. Africa, & Persia

• Growing Muslim Empire aka the Caliphate– Created Navy– Built bridges, canals, & roads– Code of Conduct for soldiers & distribute Quran to new

territories

• 760=Caliphate goes to China, Indus River Valley, & N. Africa

A Muslim Empire

• The Caliphate in Europe– Caliphs wanted to extend into Europe

– Muslim forces (Moors) from N. Africa conquer Spain & Portugal• Muslim territory=600 yrs.• Cordoba= 2nd largest city in Europe

– Center of architecture, religion, & trade– Great philosophers lived in Muslim Spain

– Caliphate didn’t extend beyond Spain & Portugal

– 732 – Invade France & are defeated

Islam & the Caliphate

• Caliphs on a holy mission to spread Islam– Some welcomed Muslims=better rulers than

there’s

–Met w/many different beliefs & practiced own religion

– Christians & Jewish=“People of the Book”• Shared belief of Muslims in 1 God & having holy

books• Allowed to practice Christianity or Judaism

Islam & the Caliphate

• Caliphs on a holy mission to spread Islam–Christians & Jewish=“People of the Book”• Practicing religions other than Christianity or Judaism=persecution

• Practicing Christianity or Judaism were not equal to Muslims

• Different laws for Muslims & non-Muslims– Pay higher taxes , swear to be loyal to Muslim

ruler , & convert no one

Islam & the Caliphate

• A Split in Islam– Islam was growing

– Leaders argued on how caliphs should be chosen

–Split in Islam• Shiites=Caliphs should be descendants of Muhammad–Today=mostly live in Iran

• Sunnis=Caliphs don’t need to be related to Muhammad–Majority Muslims worldwide are Sunnis

Islam & the Caliphate

• Muslim Society–Set of rules & Women had some rights• Inherit wealth

• Earn Money

• Own property

• Get a divorce

• Cover faces & wear long robes in public

Islam & the Caliphate

• Muslim Society–Different social classes based on power &

wealth• Gov’t rulers=Caliphs, landowners, & merchants

• Craftspeople, farmers, & laborers

• Slaves–Quran didn’t forbid slavery=suggested shouldn’t

practice–Under Caliphate=slavery was a part of life–Muslims enslaved non-Muslims captured from battle–Africans & Turkish prisoners=soldiers

» Freed after certain # of yrs. as a slave

Baghdad Civilization

• Introduction

Baghdad Civilization

• Arab Learning

Baghdad Civilization

• Art & Architecture

Science & Medicine

• Introduction

Science & Medicine

• Ibn Batuta’s Travels

Science & Medicine

• The Empire Breaks Apart