Bell Work Do Now: Define the term fad, then make a list of fads from your generation

Bell Work

Do Now: Define the term fad, then make a list of fads from your generation.

http://www.ilstu.edu/~lmerri/uhigh/1920's/flappers.gif

The Roaring 20’s: Chp. 20 (659-687)

• In a teams of 4 identify and list themes/events in the 1920’s that attach to each of the listed topics

• Out of the 5 topics, what do you think is the crucial topic of the roaring 20’s?

Topics:

1. Politics

2. Economics

3. Values

4. Cultural innovations

5. African American Culture

On your poster

Politics Economics Values Cultural Innovations

African American Culture

•Jazz

• Post War America• Recession 1919

• 15% Inflation

• Labor Strife• Boston Police Strike 1919

• Racial Strife• Chicago 1919• Tulsa 1921

• Failure of the Treaty of Versailles• Isolationism

The Twenties and the New Era

• 1918 Influenza Pandemic (Spanish Flu)– First Reported in

Spain– 675,000 Americans

Die– Over 50 Million World

Wide

I had a little bird, Its name was Enza. I opened the window, And in-flew-enza. —Children's Rhyme, 1918


• Red Scare and the Palmer Raids• Bolshevik Revolution 1917

• 1919• Communist International • Strike!

• 4 million worker (1in 5)

• Bomb Threats

• Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer• Palmer Raids• “Soviet Ark” 1920

• 249 Citizens Deported

Conflict of Cultures

• Sacco and Vanzetti•Italian Immigrants•Anarchists•Guilty 1920•Executed 1927

• Significant questions about the evidence and fairness of the trial



• Nativism- Again•Emergency Quota

Act 1921•Quotas set on 1910

Census (3%)

•National Origins Act of 1924•Quotas set on 1890

Census (2%)

Targets Southeastern

Europeans

Images of Nativism

Were the Immigration Quotas Effective?

Total Immigration, 1920-1960

• The New Klan 1915•Defending “Traditional

Values”•Rural/Urban Divide•Against “Moral Corruption”

of Cities•Fought “Un-American”

Values•Target Blacks, Jews,

Catholics, and immigrants

•Membership peaked at 4 Million in 1924


• Failure of Prohibition•18th Amendment-

Volstead Act 1919•Alcohol and

Organized Crime•Bootlegging•Speakeasies

•21st Amendment 1933•Repeals prohibition


• Modernists vs. Traditionalist

• Scopes Monkey Trial 1925•Evolution vs.

Creationism•Clarence Darrow vs.

William Jennings Bryan•Scopes found guilty•Influence of Radio


• Mass Entertainment•The Movies

•Hollywood•1929 – 100 Million

•Radio and “Broadcasting”•1929- 10 million

• Mass Marketing


• 19TH AmendmentWomen’s right to vote

• Professional Women• Limited

opportunities• 10 Million Workers

by 1930• Few Managers

• The “Flapper”• Automobiles• Mobility

“Our Dancing Daughters”By Dorothy ParkerThe Playful flapper here we see, The fairest of the fair. She's not what Grandma used to be, -- You might say, au contraire.Her girlish ways may make a stir, Her manners cause a scene, But there is no more harm in her Than in a submarine.

She nightly knocks for many a goal The usual dancing men. Her speed is great, but her control Is something else again.All spotlights focus on her pranks. All tongues her prowess herald. For which she well may render thanks To God and Scott Fitzgerald.

Her golden rule is plain enough - Just get them young and treat them rough.



• Education and Youth•Increased

Attendance•Truancy Laws•Americanization

• Lost Generation’s Critique•Rejected Success•Rejected

Consumerism/ Materialism

•Rejected Idealism•F. Scott Fitzgerald•Ernest Hemingway•T.S. Eliot


• The Harlem Renaissance• Great Migration• African-American Pride

• “New Negro”

• NAACP• Anti-Lynching Crusade• Integration

• Marcus Garvey• Self Reliance• “Back to Africa”


Harlem Renaissance

• Common Themes:– Alienation

– Marginality

– The use of folk material

– The use of the blues tradition

Harlem Renaissance• More than just a literary

movement:– Included racial consciousness– Celebration of African

traditions– “Folk” Culture

• Explosion of music particularly jazz, spirituals and blues

• Painting, dramatic revues, etc.

• Jazz!•Roots in Dixieland

and Ragtime•New Orleans – Up

River•Kansas City•Chicago

•New York- Harlem

• Louis Armstrong• Duke Ellington


Technology and Economic Growth• Automobiles

• Where people live and work

• Aviation and Trains• Travel and

interdependence

• Radio• What people hear and know

• Consumer Goods• What people want and need


• Impact of the Automobile•Social•Family Structure

•Challenges Stability

•Work•Commuters


Breaking Down Rural Isolation:

The Expansion of Travel Horizons

in Oregon, Illinois

• Consumerism•Growing Mass

Consumption•Mass Marketing/

Advertising

• Easy Credit•Installment Plan•Buying on Margin


• A New Economy• Economies of

Scale/Mass Production

• Assembly Line• Henry Ford

•$5.00 a day


• The New Economy•Improved Conditions for

Workers- “Welfare Capitalism”•Increased Productivity•Increased Standard of living•Decline in Working Hours

•1929- $1,500 vs. $1,800??•Hard Times for Organized

Labor•Open Shops- “American

Plan”


• Hard Times on the Farm•New Agricultural

Technology•Mechanized Farming•Overproduction

•Tariffs•Increasing Debt

•Farm Tenancy

•Nature•Drought


Farm Tenancy

• Republican Government• Warren G. Harding

• “Return to Normalcy”• Isolationism/Neutrality• Washington Naval

Conference 1922• Raised Tariffs (Ford-

McCumber Act) • Smaller Government

• Cut Regulation (FTC)

• Cut Taxes• Top tax rate reduced from

50% to 25%


• Republican Government

• Warren G. Harding•Scandals

•“Ohio Gang”•Veteran’s Bureau Scandal

•Charles Forbes

•Tea Pot Dome•Albert Fall


• Republican Government

• Calvin Coolidge•Silent Cal•Traditional

Conservative•“The business of

America is business.”

•1924- Easily Wins Reelection

“The man who builds a factory, builds a temple. The man who works there, worships there.”



•Calvin Coolidge• “The expenses of the

government reach everybody. Taxes take from everyone a part of his earning and force everyone to work for a certain part of his time for the government.”

• “. . . I want the people of America to be able to work less for the government and more for themselves.”

• Divided Democrats • Regional Splits- Rural/

Urban• Ethnic/Religious Divisions• Alcohol- Wets vs. Dries

• Failed Elections• 1920- James Cox and

Roosevelt• 1924- John M. Davis and

Lafollette• 1928- Al Smith and

Robinson


Isolationism/Neutrality in the 1920’s

• World Affairs- Harding and Coolidge•Return to Isolationism

•Reject Treaty of Versailles•Reject League of Nations

•Arms Control•Washington Conference

1922• 4-5-9 Power Treaties• Open Door in China

•Kellogg-Briand Pact 1928



• World Affairs- Finance• Post War Economic Crisis

• German Reparations• French and British War

Debts- 10 Billion• High U.S. Tariffs

• Dawes Plan 1926

“We in America today are nearer to the final triumph over poverty than ever before in the history of any land.” Herbert Hoover

“. . . The average man won’t really do a day’s work unless he is caught and cannot get out of it.” Henry Ford

Herbert Hoover 1928 “The Engineer”

•Rugged Individualism

Sources of Immigration, 1920-1960Total Immigration, 1920-1960

Documents

Bell Work Do Now: Define the term fad, then make a list of fads from your generation