Bell Work

• Compare and contrast groups, families, and periods?

Physical Science – Lecture 59

Periodic Table Specific Metals

Classifying Elements

• Elements are classified according to their properties. The major categories of elements are the metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.

METALS

• Almost 75% of all elements are classified as metals.

• They are not all like silver (Ag), gold (Au), or platinum (Pt).

• Those are the very cool and shiny ones. There are other metals like potassium (K) and iridium (Ir) that you might not think about right away.

Which ones are metals?

• There are four traits to help identify if an element is a metal or not.

Trait 1 - Conduction

• Metals are good at conducting electricity.

Trait 2 - Reactivity

• Metals are very reactive, some more than others, but most form compounds with other elements quite easily.

Trait 3 - Cations

• Metals usually make positive ions when the compounds are dissolved in solution.

Trait 4 - Alloys

• Metals are easily combined. • Mixtures of many elements are called alloys.

Metals - Location

• Metals are located on the left side and the middle of the periodic table.

• Group 1A and Group 2A are the most active metals.

• The transition elements, groups 1B to 8B, are also considered metals.

Properties

• Metals are shiny solids are room temperature (except mercury), with characteristic high melting points and densities.

Properties

• Metals can be deformed without breaking. • Malleability is the ability of a metal to be

hammered into shapes. • Ductility is the ability of a metal to be drawn

into wire.

Properties

• Because the valence electrons can move freely, metals are good heat conductors and electrical conductors.

Transition Metals

• Transition metals can put up to 32 electrons in their second to last shell.

Bonding

• Transition metals can use the two outermost shells/orbitals to bond with other elements.

• This allows them to bond with many elements in a variety of shapes.

Properties of Transition Metals

• These elements are very hard, with high melting points and boiling points.

ALKALI METALS

• The far left column is Group One (Group I).

Who's not in the family?

• Hydrogen is a very special element of the periodic table and doesn't belong to any family.

Alkali Metal Common Properties

• Lower densities than other metals • One loosely bound valence electron • Largest atomic radii in their periods • Low ionization energies • Low electronegativities • Highly reactive • From +1 Cations

Alkaline Earth Metals

• Group 2.

Alkali Earth’s Common Properties

• Two electrons in the outer shell • Low electron affinities • Low electronegativities • Readily form divalent cations. • Smaller than alkali metals.

Rare-Earth Elements

• The two rows at the bottom of the table• Also called inner-transition elements.

Lanthanide Series

• The top row of rare-earth elements

Lanthanide’s Common Traits

• Silvery metals that tarnish easily. • Relatively soft metals• High melting and boiling points. • React to form many different compounds.• Used in lamps, magnets, lasers, and to

improve the properties of other metals • Can be found naturally on Earth. • Only one element is radioactive.

The Actinide Series

• The bottom row of rare-earth elements

Actinide’s Common Traits

• All radioactive • Some are not found in nature. • Some have only been made in labs.• Used in medicine and nuclear devices