Bell Ringer When does the history of the Americas begin? If history happens and no one is around to...
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Bell Ringer When does the history of the Americas begin? If history happens and no one is around to record it, does it make a sound? What do you know about
Bell Ringer When does the history of the Americas begin? If
history happens and no one is around to record it, does it make a
sound? What do you know about early American history? How do you
know it?
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CHAPTER 1 Converging Cultures Prehistory to 1520
Slide 3
5 Word Prediction Arrange the five words below to create a
sentence or two that outlines the Asian migration to America.
ArtifactsLand Bridge Theory NomadsRadio carbon dating Ice Age
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CHAPTER 1 SECTION 1 The Migration to America
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Clovis Culture Giant American Bison roamed 13,200 12,900 years
ago. Found points like these embedded in the bison! Suggested that
human inhabited the Americas 7,000 years earlier than previously
thought.
Slide 6
The Asian Migration to America When the first Americans
appeared remains a hotly debated question. Using DNA, scientist
have concluded the earliest Americans probably came from Asia.
Radiocarbon dating- determines how old objects are. Nomads in
search of food likely came to America across a land bridge that
connected Asia to Alaska
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Homework Read pg. 18-19 in your textbook, Land Bridge to
America. Choose 1 of the routes to America discussed in the reading
to conduct further research on and provide the following
information: MIGRATION THEORY Potential Problems with the Theory
Evidence Supporting Theory * You may make assumptions about the
potential problems they would have faced.
Slide 9
Bell Ringer What must be present in order for a civilization to
exist? Which characteristic is the most important? Why do some
civilizations fail?
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Early Civilizations of Mesoamerica Civilizations began to
develop as cultures shifted from nomadic hunters to agriculture.
Pumpkins, squash, and MAIZE The Olmec civilization is believed to
be the oldest emerging between 1500- 1200 B.C. Sophisticated
society with large villages and temples.
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The Mayans Olmec ideas spread, influencing other people. The
Mayan culture emerged in the Yucatan peninsula around 200 A.D.
Known for their mathematics and engineering skills. Fragmented
society and exhaustion of resources possibly led to their
downfall.
Slide 13
Early Civilizations of Mesoamerica Toltec emerged and dominated
Mesoamerica around 800 A.D. Master architects known for their use
of gold and copper for art and jewelry. Fell to invaders about 1200
A.D.
Slide 14
Early Civilizations of Mesoamerica Aztec, formerly known as the
Mexica, emerged in the 1300s. Thought to have originated from the
American southwest. Established the city of Tenochtitlan, present
day Mexico City. Used military power to create a mighty empire.
Ruled through a sophisticated tribute system Practiced human
sacrifices. Fell into decline with the arrival of Europeans.
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Slide 16
Bell Ringer: Is Geography Destiny?
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North American Cultures CultureTime
PeriodCharacteristicsDownfall Hohokam Anasazi Adena and Hopewell
Mississippian
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North American Cultures Anthropologists believe that the
agricultural technology of Mesoamerica spread into the American
Southwest and up the Miss. River. Hohokam Built a civilization in
what is now south-central Arizona from about 300-1300s. Created an
elaborate system of irrigation canals.
Slide 19
Anasazi Adena Between 700 and 900 Present day Utah, Colorado,
Arizona, and NM Lived in pueblos Mound-building culture. Originated
in the Ohio River Valley and spread to New England Region. Lasted
from 1000 B.C. to A.D. 200 North American Cultures
Slide 20
Mississippian Culture Maize played a vital role in their rise
along the Miss. R. Valley. Cahokia Mississippian culture spread
along the Missouri, Ohio, Red, and Arkansas Rivers
Slide 21
CHAPTER 1 SECTION 2 Native American Cultures
Slide 22
Bell Ringer In what ways are we influenced by our
environments?
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Native American Cultures RegionGroupsEnvironmentWays of
Adapting The West The Far North The Eastern Woodlands
Slide 24
Iroquois League The Iroquoian-speaking peoples included many
tribes along what is today New York state: the Huron, Neutral,
Erie, Wenro, Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, Oneida, and Mohawk Lived in
kinship groups, or extended families, headed by the elder women of
each clan. Despite their similar cultures, war often erupted among
the Iroquoian groups.
Slide 25
Iroquoian League 5 of the nations the Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga,
Oneida, and Mohawk - formed an alliance to maintain peace, known as
the Iroquois League. Founded by Dekanawidah, a shaman and tribal
elder, and Hiawatha. The five nations agreed to a constitution that
defined how the confederacy worked. Ruling council was made up of
50 chiefs. The women selected the council.
Mapping Early Americans Task: Create a map that shows the early
Native American settlements in North America. You will make a
legend for your map that identifies agricultural, economic, or
cultural forces that were in effect in each civilization.
Slide 28
Early Americans Procedures: Read Ch. 1 Sec. 2 (pgs. 20-24)
Determine the location of each civilization and whether each
civilization was based on hunting, farming, or a combination of
both. Design a legend that will convey the information. Should use
colors, symbols, etc.
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CHAPTER 1 SECTION 3 African Cultures
Slide 30
West Africa Between 400s and 1500s, three great empires-Ghana,
Mali, and Songhai-rose and fell. Gold and salt trade Use of camels
and the est. of long distance trade routes Spread of Islam
Followers called Muslims
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West African Empires Earliest to emerge; Soninke people
Controlled regions trade; grew wealthy from the gold and salt trade
Allowed mosques to be built Ghana Malinke people; Conquered the
people of Ghana Reached its peak under the leadership of Mansa Musa
Mali The Sorko people Emerged east of the Mali Empire along the
Niger River. Seized control of the city of Timbuktu making it a
center of trade and learning Songhai
Slide 33
The Forest Kingdoms of Guinea Guinea, located in West Africas
southern coast, had small states and kingdoms because the area was
made up of very dense forest. The Yoruba people of Ife and the Edo
people of Benin were hunters, farmers, and traders. Traded surplus
food for salt and other goods
Slide 34
Central and Southern Africa The people of Central and Southern
Africa fished, grew wheat, and raised livestock. Many were
matrilineal, lineage or descent was traced through mothers. Kingdom
of the Kongo
Slide 35
Slavery Slavery existed in African society Most were captured
in war. Most were sold back or absorbed into their new African
society but slavery changed when Arabs began to trade for enslaved
Africans. Slaves were acquired to clear land and mine gold.
Europeans used enslaved workers starting in the 1400s to work on
sugar plantations off the west coast of Africa.
Slide 36
CHAPTER 1 SECTION 4 European Cultures
Slide 37
Main Idea: The fall of the Roman Empire fragmented Europe.
Between 1100 and 1400, several developments helped reunify parts of
Europe and encouraged new explorations.
Slide 38
European Society Europeans were stuck in the Middle Ages,
period lasting roughly 500-1400. Trade declined, cities, bridges,
and roads fell into disrepair. Money was in short supply and
lawlessness ruled. The Crusades, which began in 1095, helped get
western Europe out of centuries of isolation and encouraged
exploration. The Church promoted stability and order through its
own laws and penalties for disobedience.
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Causes Effects The crusades led to an increase in interest in
luxury items Exchange of goods and ideas Expanding Horizons and
European Exploration
Slide 41
Causes Effects The crusades led to an in interest for luxury
items. Monarchs wanted gold to their rule. The Renaissance promoted
a scientific view of the world. New technology Exchange of goods
and ideas. Spread of European disease. Increased involvement in
African slave trade. Expanding Horizons/European Exploration
Slide 42
New Technologies The astrolabe used the suns position to
determine direction, latitude, and local time. The compass The
caravel was a ship that allowed explorers to sail long distances in
a shorter time.
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Slide 44
Portuguese Exploration Prince Henry of Portugal (Henry the
Navigator) Est. an astronomical and geographical center. Bartolomeu
Dias Reached the southern tip of Africa, Cape of Good Hope. Vasco
de Gama Sailed around Africa to Indias southwest coast.
Slide 45
CHAPTER 1 SECTION5 Europe Encounters America
Slide 46
The Vikings Arrive in America Strong archaeological evidence
suggest that the Vikings were the first Europeans to come to
America. Around A.D. 1000, Leif Ericsson explored Labrador and
maybe Newfoundland. Early attempts at settlements failed because:
1. Native Americans opposed them 2. Outnumbered 3. Inferior
weapons
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Slide 48
Spain Sends Columbus West Ptolemys Geography, maps
rediscovered. Italian navigator, believed he could find a trade
route from Spain to India. Applies unsuccessfully to Portugal for
financial backing. After six years, Columbus finally convinced King
Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain he would bring them wealth,
empire, and converts to Catholicism.
Slide 49
The First Voyage
Slide 50
Later Voyages
Slide 51
Spain Claims America Spain and Portugal argue over trade routes
Treaty of Tordesillas Granted Portugal everything east of the Line
of Demarcation, an imaginary north-to-south line running down the
middle of the Atlantic, and gave everything west of the line to
Spain.
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Slide 53
Continuing Spanish Expeditions Juan Ponce de Leon Discovered
land of flowers known as Florida Vasco de Balboa Became the first
European to see the Pacific coast Ferdinand Magellan His crew
became the first to circumnavigate the globe
Slide 54
Columbian Exchange The Columbian Exchange was a series of
societal and environmental between Europe and the Americas.
Slide 55
Study Guide Reviewing Key Terms, pg 46 Identify the following:
Native American Olmec, Aztec, Hohokam, Mississippian, Iroquios
African Soninke, Mansa Musa, Edo, Peoples of Central and South
Africa, Akan European Pope Urban II, Portuguese, Prince Henry the
Navigator, Leif Ericsson, Christopher Columbus
Slide 56
Homework 1. Who were the Americas named for? 2. Who was he? 3.
Why was America named after him instead of Columbus or other
explorers?