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Bell Ringer 1) Which answer below is a NOT a result of
industrial agriculture? a) Farmer debt b) Monoculture c) Increased e. coli and food borne illness d) Increased use of GMOs e) All are results of industrial agriculture
2) Which answer below gives an example of integrated pest management?
a) Spraying crops with a pesticide to control beetle populations
b) Spraying GM herbicide resistant crops with a herbicide to control weed populations
c) Introducing a praying mantis population to naturally control a pest beetle population
d) Introducing an invasive plant species which outcompetes the weed population on cropland
e) Using a combination of natural predators and pesticide to control a beetle population
3) The main goal of the Green Revolution was… a) To decrease the use of pesticides in agriculture b) To increase the use of GM crops in agriculture c) To feed the growing world population d) To produce more food per acre on rangeland e) To produce more food per acre on cropland
4) Marasmus, a type of undernourishment, is caused by a _____________ deficiency.
a) Calorie
b) Protein
c) Protein and Calorie
d) Amino acid and Protein
e) Calorie and Amino acid
Resource Management pgs 329-331 & 346-348
Resource Management
• Resource Management – the practice of harvesting intermediate renewable resources in ways that do not deplete them.
Resource Management
• Resource Management – the practice of harvesting intermediate renewable resources in ways that do not deplete them.
• Resource management involves understanding ecosystems, as well as taking into account political, economic and social factors.
Resource Management
• Resource Management – the practice of harvesting intermediate renewable resources in ways that do not deplete them.
• Resource management involves understanding ecosystems, as well as taking into account political, economic and social factors.
• The management of resources is of utmost importance to the continued use of that resource by the human population.
Resource Management • Resources that must be managed include:
1) Agricultural land used to produce food
2) Forests
3) Fish and wild animal populations
4) Fossil fuel deposits (such as oil, coal and natural gas)
5) Urban land
Resource Management
• Resources that must be managed include:
1) Agricultural land used to produce food
2) Forests
3) Fish and wild animal populations
4) Mineral and fossil fuel deposits (such as oil, coal and natural gas)
5) Urban land
We will discuss management of each of these resources in class
Maximum Sustainable Yield • One of the guiding principles of resource
management is the idea of maximum sustainable yield.
• The goal of this method is to extract the maximum amount of resource without depleting the resource.
Maximum Sustainable Yield • Most populations (except for humans) grow
logistically.
• Draw a logistic curve for the axis's below.
Maximum Sustainable Yield • Most populations (except for humans) grow
logistically.
• Draw a logistic curve for the axis's below.
• Where is growth occurring the fastest?
Maximum Sustainable Yield • Most populations (except for humans) grow
logistically.
• Draw a logistic curve for the axis's below.
• Where is growth occurring the fastest?
Maximum Sustainable Yield • Maximum sustainable yield management
practices harvest a population at intermediate sizes (yellow arrow), because it ensures the largest harvest without danger of depleting the population (because growth is occurring quickly at this point)
Maximum Sustainable Yield • The problem with this management practice is
that the harvested population (for example: fish) remain at about half their carrying capacity – a population size much lower than would be achieved without human interference.
• Having a natural population of this resource so low will likely cause effects throughout the ecosystem, including disruption of complex food webs.
Maximum Sustainable Yield • The problem with this management practice is
that the harvested population (for example: fish) remain at about half their carrying capacity – a population size much lower than would be achieved without human interference.
• Having a natural population of this resource so low will likely cause effects throughout the ecosystem, including disruption of complex food webs.
• Because of the unintended consequences of this principle, two others have emerged in recent years.
Two Other Management Principles…
1) Ecosystem-Based Management – resource management principle which attempts to harvest resources in ways that minimize impact on the ecosystem
Two Other Management Principles…
1) Ecosystem-Based Management – resource management principle which attempts to harvest resources in ways that minimize impact on the ecosystem
• This strategy is difficult to implement because of the complexity of ecosystems. It may take scientists years to determine which harvesting method has the lowest impact on an ecosystem.
Two Other Management Principles…
2) Adaptive Management – resource management principle which involves systematically testing different management approaches and aiming to improve methods as time goes on.
Two Other Management Principles…
2) Adaptive Management – resource management principle which involves systematically testing different management approaches and aiming to improve methods as time goes on.
• This principle seeks out the best method of harvesting a resource by hypothesizing and testing different methods until an appropriate one is found.
Farmland and Rangeland Management
Farmland Management • 38% of the earth’s terrestrial surface is
devoted to agriculture – more than the area of North America and Africa combined.
Farmland Management • 38% of the earth’s terrestrial surface is
devoted to agriculture – more than the area of North America and Africa combined.
• Working with a partner, make a list of problems that can occur from poor farmland management.
Rangeland Management: • ¼ of the earth’s surface is rangeland; grazing
livestock can be sustainable if done carefully and correctly.
Rangeland Management: • Working with a partner, make a list of
problems that can occur from poor rangeland management. (hint: use your knowledge of soil degradation)
Bell Ringer 1) The practice of maximum sustainable yield…
a) Harvests a population at intermediate population sizes b) Seeks to harvest the largest amount of a resource without depleting it c) Can result in unintended consequences to food chains involving the harvest organism d) A and B e) A, B and C
2) “Hypothesizing and testing different harvesting techniques until the most ecologically sustainable method can be found” describes what resource management style? a) Maximum Sustainable Yield b) Proactive Management c) Adaptive Management d) Ecosystem Management e) Active Management
3) Poor cropland management can lead to… a) Erosion b) Overgrazing c) Salinization d) A and D e) All of the above
4) Resource management… a) Involves harvesting intermediate renewable resources in ways that do not deplete them b) Involves harvesting renewable resources in a way that does not add pollution to the atmosphere c) Involves harvesting nonrenewable resources for as long as possible while searching for new resource sources d) Harvesting intermediate renewable resources near its carrying capacity e) Harvesting intermediate renewable resources found at small population levels
Example of Sustainable Rangeland Management
• Excerpt: The Omnivores Dilemma, pgs209-219
• Owner of Polyface Farms
