BELL RINGER – 9/13 None today

We will start bell ringers again on TUESDAY. I will not be here again on MONDAY (presenting at a conference) so we’ll wait until Tuesday to get them going again.

I will have your binder grades, and first Bell Ringers grades for you on Tuesday. You’ll get your TEST GRADES at the end of class today

ANYONE WHO WASN’T HERE ON WEDNESDAY IS TAKING THE TEST TODAY!

NEW TAB IN YOUR BINDERS!!! Everything will now go behind the RENAISSANCE TAB

WHAT WAS GOING ON?A brief look at where Visual Art, Music, Dance, and Drama were BEFORE the Renaissance

PAINTING

Roman Christian paintings had a practical intent and started on coffins and tombs

The Good Shepherd: on an ancient tomb

PAINTING

Early Christian paintings were primitive Reflection Lack of technical ability Pictoralize the faith – artistic

skill not important

Paintings depicted Christian history

PAINTING

New 2-dimensional art form: on the beautifully illustrated pages of scholarly Church manuscripts

• Inaccurate proportions• Carelessly executed details• Bad perspective• Few colors

PAINTING

Moved to large tempera panels

Tempera: a painting medium in which egg yolk acts as a binder for the pigment, usually applied to panels that had been prepared with a coating of ground chalk or plaster and glue

An application of gold leaf and an under-painting in green or brown preceded the application of the tempera paint

Paintings were larger than anything that had ever been attempted

PAINTING

Giotto

Duccio

Cimabue

GIOTT0 – MADONNA ENTHRONED Central focus is even more human,

warm, and 3-dimensional

Sense of drama with lower viewpoint

The throne encloses the Madonna and cuts her off from the background

Creates a texture in the colored marble surfaces

SCULPTURE

Minor role initially The Old Testament prohibited graven images Christian sculpture was not monumental, but rather funerary (used for

burial) up to this point The earliest examples are all on coffins

SCULPTURE

The Gero Crucifix Realistic crucified Christ Downward and forward sagging body

pulls against the nails Emotional• Expressive detail: muscles, bulging

belly, and rendering of cloth• Human form, but flesh, hair, and cloth

do not have expected soft texture• Face – agony!

• Sculpture was MUCH MORE technically accurate than painting

SCULPTURE

Decorative elements attached to Romanesque architecture Stone sculpture Became monumental

Reemerged in the 11th century Sculpture applied to exteriors of buildings where the worshipper could see

and respond

SCULPTURE

Illiterate masses could now read the message of the Church In the center, the figure of Christ

SCULPTURE

Early architectural sculpture was subordinate to the overall design of the building

Later work claimed attention on its own

Didactic: designed to teach

Straightforward lessons

SCULPTURE

MUSIC

Gregorian Chant Also known as plainchant or plainsong Developed for use in Christian worship services

Designed to carry the prayer to God

Pope Gregory I supervised the selection of melodies and tests and compiled them for Church services – that’s why they’re named after him

SACRED MUSIC

Vocal In Latin Used notes relatively near each other on the musical scale

Monophonic Having a single melodic line Only 1 vocal line

Many people may be singing, but they’re all singing the exact same words, on the exact same pitches, at the exact same time

NO accompaniment

GREGORIAN CHANT

Flexible tempo Unmeasured rhythms followed the natural accents of normal Latin speech You can’t really tap your foot

Two types of Chant setting Syllabic: each syllable of the chant was given one note Melismatic: each syllable was spread over several notes

GREGORIAN CHANT

Started with one note

Would change note to represent the start or end of the chant

Could change notes at “commas” in the text

Eventually just meant one note per syllable

One Note per Syllable Example: Sancte Michael http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=712QrVEkaAo

SYLLABIC CHANT

Started to elaborate and decorate certain syllables

Neume: group of notes on one syllable Could be 2, could be 15

Example: Dominica in Albis - Alleluia, In die http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9FUCZl9dytM&feature=BFa&list=PLA5694801

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MELISMATIC CHANT

Between the 10th and 13th centuries, churches began to add a second line Melodies became more and more independent of each other and differed

rhythmically as well as melodically

Polyphony: having two independent melodies going on at once No melody was more important than another

Example: Kyrie http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JRQ3gu3g9OM&feature=bf_next&list=PL98EA

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SACRED MUSIC

Music gradually became more formal in notation and in structure

Musicians felt the need to write down compositions note by note They used to simply write down patterns – when to go up and down. Now they’re

writing down exactly which pitches to go to

MUSIC

Originally, music was transmitted from performer to performer or from teacher to student

Standardized musical notation, however, made it possible for the composer to transmit ideas directly to the performer

The role of the performer changed The vehicle of transmission and interpretation in the process of musical

communication

In the 12th century, composers in Paris developed innovations in rhythm

Measured rhythm: definite time values and precise meters

MUSIC

Early Middle Ages High Middle Ages

EARLY VERSES HIGH

Used vernacular texts in the language of the common people Medieval poems

Subject: mostly love (similar to today)

Strophic: composed of several stanzas that were sung to the same melody Today, each verse of a pop tune (different words, same melody)

Example: Középkori világi zene / Medieval Secular Music http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O1uBDX-f2rM&playnext=1&list=PL2D85733E9

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SECULAR MUSIC

MUSICAL INSTRUMENTSLyre

MUSICAL INSTRUMENTSHarp

MUSICAL INSTRUMENTSVielle/Fiedel (violin/fiddle)

MUSICAL INSTRUMENTSLute

•Flute

MUSICAL INSTRUMENTSShawm

Example: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=egifq8lEEu0

MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS Bagpipes

MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS Portable organs

Eventually found its way into the church