Bell QuizBell Quiz (Pages 555-556 and 569 – 577)(Pages 555-556 and 569 – 577)

1. What date will “live in infamy?”1. What date will “live in infamy?”2. How many U.S. ships and airplanes2. How many U.S. ships and airplanes were severely damaged or destroyedwere severely damaged or destroyed at Pearl Harbor? How many Americansat Pearl Harbor? How many Americans died? died? 3. Where did Roosevelt and Churchill3. Where did Roosevelt and Churchill agree to attack first?agree to attack first?4. Who was the city of Stalingrad4. Who was the city of Stalingrad named after?named after?5. Define unconditional surrender? 5. Define unconditional surrender?

AnswersAnswers1. December 7, 1941 1. December 7, 1941

2. 21 ships; 300 airplanes; 2,403 killed2. 21 ships; 300 airplanes; 2,403 killed

(1178 wounded). (1178 wounded).

3. Attack Hitler in Europe. Start with3. Attack Hitler in Europe. Start with

North Africa (Operation Torch) andNorth Africa (Operation Torch) and

move north to Italy.move north to Italy.

4. Joseph Stalin4. Joseph Stalin

5. The enemy would have to accept the5. The enemy would have to accept the

peace terms of the allied forcespeace terms of the allied forces

without negotiations.without negotiations.

ObjectivesObjectives

Summarize the Allies’ plan for Summarize the Allies’ plan for winning the war.winning the war.

Identify major events and battles in Identify major events and battles in the beginning of the war such as the the beginning of the war such as the Battle of Stalingrad, Operation Torch, Battle of Stalingrad, Operation Torch, the Italian Campaign.the Italian Campaign.

War PlansWar Plans Beginning December 22, 1941, Prime Beginning December 22, 1941, Prime

Minister Minister ChurchillChurchill spent three weeks at the spent three weeks at the White House working out war plans with White House working out war plans with President President RooseveltRoosevelt..

They believed that Germany and Italy They believed that Germany and Italy posed a greater threat than Japan.posed a greater threat than Japan.

Churchill and Roosevelt planed to strike Churchill and Roosevelt planed to strike against Hitler first. against Hitler first.

The plan was to gain the upper hand in The plan was to gain the upper hand in Europe before focusing on the war in the Europe before focusing on the war in the Pacific. Pacific.

Attack North Africa and the soft under Attack North Africa and the soft under belly of Europe.belly of Europe.

Battle of the AtlanticBattle of the Atlantic The German goal in the The German goal in the

Atlantic was to prevent food Atlantic was to prevent food and war materials from and war materials from reaching Great Britain and reaching Great Britain and the Soviet Union.the Soviet Union.

Allies responded by Allies responded by organizing their cargo ships organizing their cargo ships into convoys.into convoys.

The convoys were escorted The convoys were escorted by U.S. destroyers and by U.S. destroyers and airplanes.airplanes.

By mid-1943 the tide of the By mid-1943 the tide of the Battle of the Atlantic had Battle of the Atlantic had turned in the Allies favor. turned in the Allies favor.

North AfricaNorth Africa

November 1942, the November 1942, the Allies launch Operation Allies launch Operation Torch: an invasion of Torch: an invasion of Axis-controlled North Axis-controlled North Africa. Africa.

Commanded by Commanded by American General American General Dwight D. Eisenhower.Dwight D. Eisenhower.

Germany was led in Germany was led in Africa by Erwin Rommel.Africa by Erwin Rommel.

May 1943, Rommel May 1943, Rommel surrendered.surrendered.

The Italian CampaignThe Italian Campaign Summer 1943, The Allied forces captured Summer 1943, The Allied forces captured

Sicily. Sicily. The Italian government forced Mussolini (Il The Italian government forced Mussolini (Il

Duce) to resign.Duce) to resign. On July 25, 1943 King Victor Emmanuel III On July 25, 1943 King Victor Emmanuel III

stripped Mussolini of his power and had him stripped Mussolini of his power and had him arrested.arrested.

Hitler and Germany refused to give up Italy Hitler and Germany refused to give up Italy so easily and made their stand 40 miles so easily and made their stand 40 miles outside of Rome.outside of Rome.

““Bloody Anzio” lasted 4 months until the end Bloody Anzio” lasted 4 months until the end of May 1944. 25,000 Allied soldiers died and of May 1944. 25,000 Allied soldiers died and 30,000 Germans died30,000 Germans died

The Allied effort to free Italy did not succeedThe Allied effort to free Italy did not succeed until 1945. until 1945.

Stalingrad: Stalingrad: 7/17/42-2/2/437/17/42-2/2/43 The Battle of Stalingrad was the first major turning The Battle of Stalingrad was the first major turning

point of WWII and the bloodiest battle in modern point of WWII and the bloodiest battle in modern history.history.

Stalingrad was a major industrial center that Hitler Stalingrad was a major industrial center that Hitler wanted destroyed. wanted destroyed.

By the end of September 1942 Germany controlled By the end of September 1942 Germany controlled nine-tenths of the city by going house to house in nine-tenths of the city by going house to house in brutal hand-to-hand combat. brutal hand-to-hand combat.

When winter hit the Soviets army closed around the When winter hit the Soviets army closed around the city with fresh tanks and troops, cutting off supplies city with fresh tanks and troops, cutting off supplies to German troops.to German troops.

The German commander surrendered on 1/31/1943. The German commander surrendered on 1/31/1943. TheThe Soviet victory at Stalingrad marked a turning Soviet victory at Stalingrad marked a turning

point in the war. The soviet army began moving point in the war. The soviet army began moving westward.westward.

1.1 million soviets died. Germany lost 1.5 million.1.1 million soviets died. Germany lost 1.5 million.

D-DayD-Day The Allies agreed that the The Allies agreed that the

best approach to victory was best approach to victory was a massive invasion of France a massive invasion of France across the English Channel across the English Channel (Operation Overlord).(Operation Overlord).

Dwight D. Eisenhower was Dwight D. Eisenhower was given command of Operation given command of Operation Overlord.Overlord.

Eisenhower planed to attack Eisenhower planed to attack Normandy in northern France Normandy in northern France with 3 million Allied troops. with 3 million Allied troops.

On June 6, 1944, Eisenhower On June 6, 1944, Eisenhower ordered the invasion of ordered the invasion of France (D-day).France (D-day).

D-day was the largest land-D-day was the largest land-sea-air operation in army sea-air operation in army history. history.

THE ATLANTIC WALLTHE ATLANTIC WALL

Erwin Rommel spent several Erwin Rommel spent several years fortifying the cliffs and years fortifying the cliffs and beaches on the European coast beaches on the European coast with concrete walls to deter a with concrete walls to deter a possible allied invasion.possible allied invasion.

6 million mines were placed in 6 million mines were placed in Northern France and the English Northern France and the English Channel.Channel.

Under water obstacles were Under water obstacles were constructed in the English constructed in the English Channel and anti-tank obstacles Channel and anti-tank obstacles built on the beaches.built on the beaches.

D-DAY INVASIOND-DAY INVASION Operation “Body Guard”: Operation “Body Guard”:

Phantom army built in Dover, Phantom army built in Dover, England was given message to England was given message to attack Calais, France-150 miles attack Calais, France-150 miles away-across the English away-across the English Channel.Channel.

Phantom army was Phantom army was commanded by General Patton.commanded by General Patton.

The Germans intercept the The Germans intercept the message and Hitler orders the message and Hitler orders the bulk of the German troops to bulk of the German troops to fortify Calais.fortify Calais.

Fake parachutist with guns that Fake parachutist with guns that fire upon impact with the fire upon impact with the ground.ground.

Operation Body GuardOperation Body Guard

http://www.suite101.com/article.cfm/british_history/7260

D-DAYD-DAY On June 6, 1944 3 allied divisions On June 6, 1944 3 allied divisions

parachuted down behind German lines parachuted down behind German lines shortly after midnight. shortly after midnight.

The job of the light infantry airborne The job of the light infantry airborne units was to isolate and remove the units was to isolate and remove the German howitzers that protected the German howitzers that protected the English Channel and to block the English Channel and to block the Germans from getting reinforcements Germans from getting reinforcements to the beach cities.to the beach cities.

D-DayD-Day At 6:30 AM on June 6, 1944 the Allied air planes At 6:30 AM on June 6, 1944 the Allied air planes

ineffectively bombed the beaches and pillboxes of ineffectively bombed the beaches and pillboxes of Normandy for 1 hour.Normandy for 1 hour.

At 7:30 AM the Allied forces began landing troops At 7:30 AM the Allied forces began landing troops on the beaches.on the beaches.

The U.S. took 2 beaches-Utah and Omaha. The U.S. took 2 beaches-Utah and Omaha. Britain and Canada took 3 beaches-Gold, Juno, Britain and Canada took 3 beaches-Gold, Juno, and Sword.and Sword.

The allies held an 80 mile strip of the beach after The allies held an 80 mile strip of the beach after 7 days, but within a month the allies had landed 1 7 days, but within a month the allies had landed 1 million troops.million troops.

By August 25, 1944 the allied forces had liberated By August 25, 1944 the allied forces had liberated Paris and Northern France from German Paris and Northern France from German occupation. occupation.

LUCK ON D-DAYLUCK ON D-DAY1)1) Weather. Would have had to wait until end of Weather. Would have had to wait until end of

July if the weather wasn’t good enough on June 6 July if the weather wasn’t good enough on June 6 for the attack.for the attack.

2)2) Operation Body Guard fooled the Germans. Operation Body Guard fooled the Germans. Largest German battalion stayed at Calais Largest German battalion stayed at Calais convinced the allies would attack there.convinced the allies would attack there.

3)3) Rommell left the front and went home to Rommell left the front and went home to celebrate his wife’s birthday.celebrate his wife’s birthday.

4)4) Hitler was asleep at the time of the attack and Hitler was asleep at the time of the attack and no one was brave enough to wake him up.no one was brave enough to wake him up.

ReviewReview

What was the Allies’ plan for winning What was the Allies’ plan for winning the war?the war?

What type of surrender did the allies What type of surrender did the allies demand from the axis powers?demand from the axis powers?

Where is Normandy and what is the Where is Normandy and what is the importance of the D-Day invasion?importance of the D-Day invasion?