Belize at Crossroads: A Perspective on Electoral Politics

8/6/2019 Belize at Crossroads: A Perspective on Electoral Politics

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a mj Ij`ktih zrj) mj Fzokdkhr{) ar Mjho ac T h j Kg talj dazg rkjt ~rhd kdkg` mkt laoji)

pa Baokjt hrj carljo‟agj pk m rjt~agtkbkik { car ~aikd{ ojdktkagt rjih kg` a mj jijd arhi

~radjtt) hgo mj a mjr) hddazg hbij car dagozd kg` hgo kl~ijljg kg` mj jijd arhi ~radjtt

Rjxzkrjljg t lh{ j}kt a kgtzih j mj kl~ijljg h kag JLB cral kg jrcjrjgdj b{ mj




88

~aikd{ JLB Fhlhkdh) Tzrkghlj hgo ~attkbi{ Hg k`zh hgo Bhrbzoh kg mj DHRKDAL

rj`kag ~rhd kdj talj ht~jd t ac mj Kgoj~jgojg Laoji -Jijd arhi Lhgh`jljg Ojtk`g6 _mj

Kg jrgh kaghi KOJH Mhgobaae) 2>>3+ Lat DHRKDAL dazg rkjt ~rhd kdj mj @asjrgljg

Laoji Mapjsjr) ga lh jr mj laoji ar {~j ac JLB) k t kii gjjot a rhgthd bztkgjtt

pk m mj J}jdz ksj Brhgdm hgo mj Ij`ktih zrj ag kttzjt ~jr hkgkg` a bzo`j t hgo jijd arhi

ihp

Ij`hi Crhljpare Jghd jo kg 8;0=) mj Rj~rjtjg h kag ac mj ^ja~ij Arokghgdj jt hbiktmjo hg jijd arhi

lhgh`jljg bao{ dhiijo mj Jijd kagt hgo Bazgohrkjt Dallkttkag -Dallkttkag+ kg

Bjikvj -Tjd kag ; -2++ Zgojr mkt Arokghgdj) mj Dallkttkag pht hg kgoj~jgojg bao{ ac

cksj Bahro Ljlbjrt dhiijo Dallkttkagjrt) kgdiztksj ac h Dmhkrlhg5 hgo rj~ar jo a mj

Gh kaghi Httjlbi{ Hii Dallkttkagjrt pjrj h~~akg jo b{ mj @asjrgar) hc jr dagtzi h kag

pk m mj ^rjlkjr _mj @asjrgar h~~akg jo mj Dmkjc Jijd kagt Acckdjr -Dmkjc+) pma mho

rjt~agtkbkik { a lhgh`j mj ar`hgkvh kag) pmkij mj Dallkttkagjrt h~~akg jo Rj`kt jrkg`

Acckdjrt hgo a mjr tz~~ar t hcc Hii t hcc ~jrtagt pjrj hgtpjrhbij a mj Dallkttkag

-Tjd kag 8>+

_mj Dallkttkag‛t ~zr~atjt zgojr mj Arokghgdj pjrj6 car jijd arhi holkgkt rh kag kg

Tjd kag ; --;+ -8>+) hgo bazgohr{ ojiklk h kag kg Tjd kag 8= _mj ~apjrt ac mj

Dallkttkag zgojr jijd arhi holkgkt rh kag kgdizojo mj okrjd kag hgo tz~jrsktkag ac mj

rj`kt rh kag ac sa jrt) hgo mj holkgkt rh ksj dagozd ac Jijd kagt Hita mj Dallkttkag

pht jl~apjrjo a jgcardj chkrgjtt) kl~hr khik { hgo dal~ikhgdj pk mkg mj ~rasktkagt ac

mj Arokghgdj) ag mj ~hr ac hii jijd kag acckdjrt -^hihdka) 2>>:+ _mj Arokghgdj pht

kl~ijljg jo car agj ~hrikhljg hr{ jijd kag kg 8;0;) hgo mj Dallkttkag dag kgzjo a




82

a~jrh j pk m mj rj`kt rh kag ac sa jrt hlag` a mjr czgd kagt zgojr mkt Arokghgdj car pa

larj {jhrt) zg ki Bjikvj h hkgjo ~aik kdhi kgoj~jgojgdj kg Tj~ jlbjr 8;=8

H Bjikvj‛t kgoj~jgojgdj kg 8;=8) mj Dallkttkag pht jgtmrkgjo kg mj BjikvjDagt k z kag zgojr Tjd kag == B{ ta oakg ’ Bjikvj ojlagt rh jo h lhfar t j~ kg

rjda`gkvkg` mj kl~ar hgdj hgo kgoj~jgojgdj ac mj Dallkttkag ht mj bao{

rjt~agtkbij car mj holkgkt rh ksj t rzd zrjt a tz~~ar mj ojladrh kd ~radjtt ac

jijd kagt “ -^hihdka) 2>>:+ _mj lj mao ac h~~akg ljg ac mj Dallkttkagjrt rjlhkgjo mj

thlj) j}dj~ mh mj h~~akg ljg t pjrj lhoj b{ mj @asjrgar @jgjrhi -Tjd == -2++ _mj

kgoj~jgojgdj ac mj Dallkttkag pht czr mjr mk`mik`m jo kg Tjd kag == -8?+ ac mj

Dagt k z kag) pmkdm t h jo)’‣ mj Dallkttkag tmhii ga bj tzbfjd a mj okrjd kag ar dag rai ac hg{ a mjr ~jrtag ar hz mark {‣“ _mj pa czgd kagt rjlhkgjo) ghlji{

Bazgohr{ Ojiklk h kag ht t k~zih jo kg Tjd ;> ac mj Dagt k z kag ac Bjikvj) hgo Jijd arhi

Holkgkt rh kag ht oj jrlkgjo b{ -Tjd kag == -84++ Mapjsjr) Tjd kag == -84+ pht hgo t kii

kt tzbfjd a pmh bjdhlj mj Rj~rjtjg h kag ac mj ^ja~ij Hd -RA^H+ ht t k~zih jo b{

Tjd kag == -8?+ ac mj Dagt k z kag) pmkdm t h jt6

’Kg mj j}jrdktj ac k t czgd kagt) mj Dallkttkag tmhii ga bj tzbfjd a

mj okrjd kag ar dag rai ac hg{ a mjr ~jrtag ar hz mark { hgo tmhii)tzbfjd a mj ~rasktkagt ac mkt Dagt k z kag) hd kg hddarohgdj pk m mjRj~rjtjg h kag ac mj ja~ij Hd ar hg{ a mjr ihp) rzij ar rj`zih kagrjih kg` a jijd kagt “

_mj RA^H rj~ihdjo mj Arokghgdj ac 8;0= hc jr mj dazg r{ bjdhlj kgoj~jgojg Alk jo

cral mj rjt~agtkbkik { car Jijd arhi Holkgkt rh kag pht mj Dallkttkag‛t ~apjr a

rjkgcardj ’chkrgjtt) kl~hr khik { hgo dal~ikhgdj“ ag mj ~hr ac hii Jijd kag Acckdjrt) ht

pht tz~~ar jo b{ mj 8;0= Arokghgdj Jijd kag Acckdjrt hrj htejo pk m mj holkgkt rh kag




84

ac hii jijd kagt _mj{ hrj ~zbikd tjrskdj jl~ia{jjt pma ~jrcarl shrkazt raijt ht ojtdrkbjo

b{ mj RA^H kg mj dagozd ac jijd kag5 hgo hii mrjj shizjt ac dagozd hbasjljg kagjo

pmjg kl~ijljg jo) chdkik h j mj jccjd ksj hgo jcckdkjg t hcc daarokgh kag hgo lhgh`jljg

ac jijd kag Kg rjlaskg` mkt ij`hi hgo lhgh`jljg diaz ) h shdzzl pht drjh jo kg mj

lhgh`jljg ac jijd kag tz~jrsktkag _mj Dmkjc hgo t hcc dag kgzjo a rj~ar okrjd i{ a mj

Dallkttkag pma kg zrg rj~ar jo a mj Gh kaghi Httjlbi{ _mj h~~akg ljg ac mj Dmkjc

hita rjlhkgjo mj thlj) j}dj~ mkt pht ga kgdizojo kg mj Bjikvj Dagt k z kag) bz kg mj

Holkgkt rh ksj ^rasktkagt ac mj RA^H

_mj ckrt ^hrikhljg hr{ Jijd kag hc jr kgoj~jgojgdj kg 8;=? thp mj ckrt dmhg`j ac h rzikg`

~aik kdhi ~hr { kg àsjrgljg _mj ^ja~ij‛t Zgk jo ^hr { -^Z^+ iat k t ckrt jijd kag kg

mkr { {jhrt) a mj Zgk jo Ojladrh kd ^hr { -ZO^+) pk m mj ZO^ `hrgjrkg` 0:* ac mj

tjh t Kg 8;==) mj ZO^ àsjrgljg j}jdz jo h ckrt hljgoljg a mj Bjikvj Dagt k z kag

kgdizokg` h dmhg j a Tjd kag ==) pmkdm rj~rjtjg jo mj Dallkttkag _mj gjp lj mao ac

h~~akg ljg kg Tjd kag == -2+ kt t kii kg jccjd hgo rjhot ht caiiapt6

’_mj Dmhkrlhg hgo pa a mjr ljlbjrt ac mj Jijd kagt hgo BazgohrkjtDallkttkag tmhii bj h~~akg jo b{ mj @asjrgar,@jgjrhi) hd kg` kghddarohgdj pk m mj ^rklj Lkgkt jr `ksjg hc jr dagtzi h kag pk m mjIjhojr ac mj A~~atk kag) hgo mj rjlhkgkg` pa ljlbjrt tmhii bjh~~akg jo b{ mj @asjrgar,@jgjrhi) hd kg` kg hddarohgdj pk m mj hoskdjac mj ^rklj Lkgkt jr `ksjg pk m mj dagdzrrjgdj ac mj Ijhojr ac mjA~~atk kag “

Ih jr) mkt h~~rahdm a mj h~~akg ljg ac Dallkttkagjrt kgshrkhbi{ kl~hd jo ag mj

~jrdj~ kag ac h bk,~hr kthg Dallkttkag) pk m talj ljlbjrt tjjkg` mkt ht hg a~~ar zgk {

a tjrsj mj ~aik kdhi ~hr {‛t kg jrjt ckrt -ppp dmhggji:bjikvj dal 5 Fzgj80) 2>>4+ Agj

dmhiijg`j pk m mkt ~jrdj~ kag kt mh k dhg bj hddjttjo ht oktdrklkgh kag h`hkgt kgdalkg`




8?

gjp _mkro ^hr kjt hgo kgoj~jgojg dhgokoh jt Pk m jijd kag dal~j k kag brahojgkg` pk m

klj) mjrj mht bjjg hg kgdrjhtj kg lzi k~ij,~hr { ~hr kdk~h kag h mj ~aiit H~~jgok} k

tmapt mh mj Cjbrzhr{ 2>>= ^hrikhljg hr{ Jijd kag mho mj ihr jt ~hr kdk~h kag b{ mj

gzlbjr -h~~ra}klh ji{ :+ ac gjp ~aik kdhi ~hr kjt H tjdago dmhiijg`j kt mh mj kg jgtj

jijd kag dal~j k kag kgshrkhbi{ brkg`t mj ~aik kdhi ~hr { o{ghlkd okrjd i{ kg a mj

Dallkttkag) hgo kgokrjd i{ a mj T hcc

_mj czgd kagt ac mj Dallkttkag rjlhkgjo mj thlj ht h 8;=8 pmkdm hrj) Bazgohr{

Ojiklk h kag jl~apjrjo b{ Tjd ;>) hgo Jijd arhi Holkgkt rh kag ht ~jr Tjd kag == -84+ Kg

jrlt ac jijd arhi holkgkt rh kag) Tjd kag == -84+ pht t kii tzbfjd a pmh mho bjdalj mj

tjdago ~hr ac Tjd kag == -8?+ mh mj Dallkttkag)’‣tmhii hd kg hddarohgdj pk m mj

Rj~rjtjg h kag ac mj ^ja~ij Hd “ _mj j}~rjttkag ’ tmhii “ oj jrlkgjt mj dagok kag ar

xzhikckjt mj j} jg ac mj Dallkttkag‛t rjt~agtkbkik kjt Tzbtjxzjg a mj hljgoljg ac

mj Dagt k z kag kg 8;==) mj RA^H pht rjsktjo kg 8;=;) pk m hljgoljg t a mj

Holkgkt rh ksj ^rasktkagt hgo a mjr Tjd kagt Ht h rjtzi mj ~apjrt ac mj Dallkttkag

pjrj orht kdhii{ hi jrjo) ht caiiapt6

Fzrktokd kag asjr t hcc pht rhgtcjrrjo a mj ^zbikd Tjrskdjt Dallkttkag

H tjdago jijd kag lhgh`jljg bao{) mj Jijd kagt hgo Bazgohrkjt Oj~hr ljg-Oj~hr ljg + pht carljo

_mj Oj~hr ljg pht t kii lhgh`jo b{ mj Dmkjc Jijd kagt Acckdjr -Dmkjc+) bz gap zgojr

mj tz~jrsktkag ac h @asjrgljg Lkgkt r{) mjhojo b{ h Dhbkgj Lkgkt jr _mj ~atk kag ac

Dmkjc pht gap h~~akg jo b{ mj @asjrgar,@jgjrhi) hd kg` kg hddarohgdj pk m mj ^rklj

Lkgkt jr Ih jr kg 2>>8) mj h~~akg ljg hgo fzrktokd kag ac mj Dmkjc pht hita rhgtcjrrjo

a mj ^zbikd Tjrskdjt Dallkttkag hiag` pk m mj a mjr t hcc ljlbjrt ac mj Oj~hr ljg

-^hihdka) 2>>:+ Kg hook kag) mj RA^H jl~apjrjo mj Oj~hr ljg mraz`m mj Dmkjc pk m




8:

rjt~agtkbkik { car jijd arhi holkgkt rh kag hgo mj hofzt ljg ac jijd arhi rjdarot hc jr

bazgohr{ ojiklk h kag Jijd arhi holkgkt rh kag kgdizojt sa jr rj`kt rh kag pmkdm bjdhlj

dag kgzazt tkgdj 8;;= Kl~ijljg jo klljokh ji{ hc jr mj @jgjrhi Jijd kagt ac 8;;=)

dag kgzazt sa jr rj`kt rh kag hiiapjo car mj rhgthd kag ac bztkgjtt tzdm ht) sa jr

rj`kt rh kag ag h ohki{ bhtkt) hgo ga agi{ h mj dhii ac jijd kagt -TK 88 ac 8;;0 hgo TK :0 ac

8;;=+

Kgt k z kaghi Crhljpare Car jg {jhrt) 8;0= a 8;==) mjrj pht agj jijd kag lhgh jljg bao{ kg Bjikvj _mkt bao{)

mj Jijd kagt hgo Bazgohrkjt Dallkttkag pht rjih ksji{ kgoj~jgojg ht thgd kagjo ckrt i{

b{ mj Arokghgdj) hgo ih jr mj Dagt k z kag) pk m mj Dmkjc hgo t hcc rj~ar kg` a mj

Dallkttkag pma rj~ar jo a mj Gh kaghi Httjlbi{ Tzbtjxzjg a mj gjp ij`hi

crhljpare kg raozdjo kg 8;==!8;=; b{ mj ZO^ @asjrgljg ) mj Oj~hr ljg bjdhlj mj

~rklhr{ t rzd zrj a lhgh`j mj jttjg khi jijljg t ac jijd kagt) ht jl~apjrjo b{ mj

RA^H hgo hz markvjo b{ Tjd == -8?+ ac mj Bjikvj Dagt k z kag pmjrj k t h jo mh )

’Kg mj j}jrdktj ac k t czgd kagt) mj Dallkttkag‣‣ tmhii) tzbfjd a mj

~rasktkagt ac mkt Dagt k z kag) hd kg hddarohgdj pk m mj Rj~rjtjg h kag

ac mj ^ja~ij Hd ar hg{ a mjr ihp) rzij ar rj`zih kag rjih kg` a

jijd kagt "

_mj Oj~hr ljg bjdhlj czii{ rjt~agtkbij car jijd kag holkgkt rh kag) kgdizokg` sa jr

rj`kt rh kag hgo mj dagozd ac jijd kagt Hc jr mj jt hbiktmljg ac Dag kgzazt

Rj`kt rh kag kg 8;;=) sa jr rj`kt rh kag bjdhlj hg hook kaghi) ohki{ httk`gljg car mj

Oj~hr ljg Pk m Bazgohr{ ojiklk h kag) mj Oj~hr ljg ‛t czgd kag pht iklk jo a mj

hofzt ljg ac rjdarot hc jr jijd arhi bazgohr{ ojiklk h kagt mhsj bjjg h~~rasjo) ~httjo




83

hgo tk`gjo kg a ihp Rjdalljgoh kagt ag bazgohr{ ojiklk h kag hrj lhoj b{ mj

Dallkttkag a mj Gh kaghi Httjlbi{ Agi{ mrjj lhfar hgo agj lkgar bazgohr{

ojiklk h kag j}jrdktjt mhsj bjjg dagozd jo tkgdj mj ckrt @jgjrhi Jijd kag kg 8;:? Kg

8;38 mj gzlbjr ac tjh t kg mj Gh kaghi Httjlbi{ oazbijo a jk`m jjg) kg 8;=? mj tjh t

kgdrjhtjo a pjg { jk`m ) h lkgar lasj kg 8;;= hoojo agj larj tjh ) hgo kg 2>>: talj

tjsjg {jhrt ih jr) mj a hi kgdrjhtjo a mkr { agj tjh t

_mjrjcarj tkgdj mj ij`hi hljgoljg a mj RA^H kg 8;=;) Bjikvj ikej lat DHRKDAL

dazg rkjt a~jrh jt hg jijd kag lhgh`jljg t rzd zrj mh kt h @asjrgljg Laoji) zgojr h

@asjrgljg Oj~hr ljg ) pk m asjrtk`m ac h àsjrgljg Lkgkt r{) hgo pmkdm rj~ar t a h

Dhbkgj Lkgkt jr Kg mj dhtj ac Bjikvj) mj JLB lasjo cral hg Kgoj~jgojg lhgh`jljg

t rzd zrj a h @asjrgljg asjrtk`m t rzd zrj Kg a mjr parot) kgt jho ac larj hz agal{

car mj jijd kag lhgh`jljg bao{) k t rjih ksj kgoj~jgojgdj pht ik jrhii{ tgzccjo H mj

thlj klj) dag kgzazt rj`kt rh kag drjh jo larj hd ksk kjt hgo hoojo rjt~agtkbkik kjt a mj

Oj~hr ljg Rjih ksj a a mjr DHRKDAL dazg rkjt) Bjikvj jgfa{t h mk`m ~jrdjg h`j kg

sa jr rj`kt rh kag) hgo mkt kt ~rklhrki{ h rkbz jo a mj okrjd kgsaisjljg ac ~aik kdkhgt hgo

mjkr h`jg t kg mj rj`kt rh kag ac jik`kbij ~jrtagt _mj oapgtkoj ac mkt kt mh mj

~aik kdkhgt hgo mjkr h`jg t - mj ~rjtjg hgo cz zrj battjt ac mj Oj~hr ljg +) kgshrkhbi{ hrj

mj dikjg t ac mj Oj~hr ljg ) kgt jho ac mj Jijd ar ht ~jr mj RA^H rjcjrjgdjo hbasj

_mj Jijd kagt hgo Bazgohrkjt Oj~hr ljg mht czgd kagjo zgojr shrkazt Lkgkt rkjt ac

@asjrgljg ) hgo mht bjjg zgojr mj ~zrskjp ac mj Lkgkt r{ ac mj ^zbikd Tjrskdj cral

8;;; a ~rjtjg Cral 8;;; a 2>>:) Hggzhi Rj~ar t pjrj ga agi{ ~rjtjg jo a Dhbkgj

mraz`m mj Lkgkt r{) bz hbijo kg mj Maztj ac Rj~rjtjg h ksjt b{ mj Lkgkt jr5 tmhrjo

pk m hii ~hr gjrt hgo ~at jo ag mj Oj~hr ljg ‛t pjbtk j Hii Jijd kag Rj~ar t cral 8;;;

a 2>>4 pjrj hita tmhrjo pk m ^hr gjrt hgo ~at jo ag mj Oj~hr ljg ‛t pjbtk j) hc jr




80

~rjtjg h kag a mj Lkgkt r{ _mjtj pjrj t kii hshkihbij ag mj pjbtk j

ppp jijd kagt às bv ht h Lh{ 4) 2>8>

Kg jrlt ac bazgohr{ ojiklk h kag) mj Dallkttkag t kii lhkg hkgt czii rjt~agtkbkik { zgojr Tjd ;> ac mj Dagt k z kag Mapjsjr) mj Dallkttkag‛t raij pk m rjt~jd a jijd arhi

holkgkt rh kag ht jl~apjrjo b{ mj RA^H pht iklk jo a ’‣h~~raskg` mj h~~akg ljg

ac jijd kag parejrt‣“ -Holkgkt rh ksj ^rasktkagt) Tjd kagt 84 hgo 8? -2++ _mjrjcarj mj

Dallkttkag‛t ~apjr kg rjih kag a jijd arhi holkgkt rh kag pht rjozdjo dagtkojrhbi{) b{

mj 8;== hljgoljg t Agj a mjr rjcjrjgdj a mj Dallkttkag hita kg mj RA^H zgojr mj

Holkgkt rh ksj ^rasktkagt t h jo mh mj Dallkttkag lh{) ’‣dagcjr k t ~apjrt ag mj

Dmkjc Jijd kagt Acckdjr‣“ -Tjd kag 88 -2++ Mapjsjr) mkt Tjd kag kt tjjg ht ~zrji{rjozgohg ) tkgdj Tjd kag == -8?+ ac mj Dagt k z kag mht t~aejg) hgo hii a mjr hd kagt

~jr hkgkg` a jijd arhi holkgkt rh kag kg mj RA^H rjt kg mj mhgot ac mj Oj~hr ljg 5

pmkdm gap rj~ar t a h Lkgkt r{) ht ~jr mj gjp t rzd zrj kl~ijljg jo b{ mj ZO^

@asjrgljg kg 8;=; Hita) mj Dallkttkag mht ga asjrtk`m ag mj tjdago jijd kag

lhgh`jljg bao{) pmkdm kt mj Oj~hr ljg _mj hbasj ckgokg t ojlagt rh j mh ht hg

a~jrh kaghi jijd kag lhgh`jljg bao{) mj Dallkttkag bjdhlj h tejij ag t rzd zrj kg

rjih kag a jijd arhi holkgkt rh kag) ht mj Dallkttkag ga iag`jr mho6

Fzrktokd kag asjr t hcc

Asjrtk`m ~apjrt ac mj Oj~hr ljg

Ij`hi hz mark { a jgcardj chkrgjtt hgo kl~hr khik { ag Jijd kag Parejrt

Ij`hi hz mark { a dagozd jijd arhi holkgkt rh kag

Pmkij mj Dallkttkag iat ij`hi hz mark { car jijd arhi holkgkt rh kag a mj Oj~hr ljg ht

jt hbiktmjo hbasj) mj Dallkttkag mhroi{ a~jrh jt ht h bazgohr{ dallkttkag bjdhztj




8=

bazgohr{ ojiklk h kag j}jrdktjt pjrj dagozd jo kgcrjxzjg i{ Ht pht htdjr hkgjo jhrikjr)

bazgohr{ ojiklk h kag j}jrdktjt pjrj j}jdz jo ag j} rjlji{ rhrj addhtkagt5 hgo mjrj mhsj

agi{ bjjg cazr addzrrjgdjt tkgdj mj 8;:? ~at ,hozi tzccrh`j jijd kagt) ghlji{ kg 8;38)

8;=?) 8;;=) hgo 2>>:

Ga pk mt hgokg ) mj Dallkttkag dag kgzjo a j}kt zgojr mkt hrrhg`jljg cral 8;=; a

~rjtjg 5 hgo hi maz`m mj Dallkttkag ht h bao{ kt lhgoh jo b{ ihp a rj~ar ag k t

t jphrotmk~ a mj Gh kaghi Httjlbi{) mkt mht ga bjjg car mdalkg` kg rjdjg {jhrt Hita)

mj 8;== Dagt k z kaghi hljgoljg kg rjih kag a mj h~~akg ljg ac Dallkttkagjrt

kgshrkhbi{ `hsj mj ~jrdj~ kag2 mh k kt h bk,~hr kthg Bao{ pk m ljlbjrt rj~rjtjg kg` h

~aik kdhi ~hr { ht h~~akg jo5 ojt~k j Tjd kag == -8?+ Kg mj Ah m ac Hiij`khgdj a mj

Acckdj) jhdm Dallkttkag ljlbjr kg 8;;; hgo 2>>4 4 ~zbikdi{ tparj a ’bjhr rzj chk m hgo

hiij`khgdj a Bjikvj“) ’ a z~maio mj Dagt k z kag hgo Ihp“ hgo a oktdmhr`j oz kjt

’dagtdkjg kazti{) kl~hr khii{ hgo a mj bjt ac Uagj‛t\ hbkik {“ -Hggzhi Rj~ar 2>>4+ Kg

hook kag) mj Daoj ac Dagozd zgojr Tjd kag 828-8+ ac mj Dagt k z kag ht k ~jr hkgt a hii

ljlbjrt ac Dallkttkagt) kgdizokg` mj Jijd kagt hgo Bazgohrkjt Dallkttkag) kt sjr{

dijhr mh Dallkttkagjrt az`m ga a ~ihdj mjltjisjt kg ~atk kagt kg pmkdm mj{ mhsj ar

dazio mhsj h dagcikd ac kg jrjt ) pa ac pmkdm t h j6

’h+ _a ~ihdj mjltjisjt kg ~atk kagt kg pmkdm mj{ mhsj ar dazio mhsj h dagcikd ac Kg jrjt 5

2 Dmhggji :) rjcjrrjo a pa ljlbjrt ht rj~rjtjg kg` mj A~~atk kag - ppp dmhggji:bjikvj dal 5 Fzgj 80)2>>4+

4 2>>4 Tpjhrkg`,kg pht dagozd jo ~zbikdi{ b{ Fzt kdj @agvhijv‟’Gjp Jijd kag Dallkttkagjrt Tparg Kg“-ppp dmhggji:bjikvj dal ) Fzgj 80) 2>>4+




8;

b+ _a jgohg`jr ar oklkgktm rjt~jd car) ar dagckojgdj kg) mjKg j`rk { ac mj àsjrgljg “

Ga pk mt hgokg` mj Ah m ac Acckdj hgo Tjd 828 ac mj Dagt k z kag) talj ac mjDallkttkagjrt h~~akg jo b{ mj mjg Ijhojr ac mj A~~atk kag -ZO^+) kgshrkhbi{

kg jr~rj jo mjkr raij ht mh ac a~~atkg` mj Oj~hr ljg ‛t jccar t -Jijd kag Rj~ar 2>>4+

_mj{ hita a~jgi{ ohbbijo kg ~hr kthg ~aik kdt?) pk m agj Dallkttkagjr bjkg` mj Jok ar ac

_mj @zhrokhg) h gjpt~h~jr t~agtarjo b{ mj A~~atk kag -Jijd kag Rj~ar 2>>45 ^hihdka)

2>>:+ Kg ta oakg`) mj ah m ac hiij`khgdj hgo mj okd h jt ac mj Dagt k z kag -Tjd kagt ==

-8?+ hgo 828 -8++) pjrj ga hiph{t homjrjo a) ht kgokskozhit dag kgzjo a ciaz mj ihp

2>>= thp h dmhg`j kg àsjrgljg a mj ZO^) `hrgjrkg` h~~ra}klh ji{ =>* ac mj tjh tAsjr 3>* kg a mj jrl ac mkt holkgkt rh kag) mj ij`hi hgo kgt k z kaghi crhljparet ac mj

JLBt az ikgjo hbasj t kii rjlhkg5 hgo mj JLBt gap h~~jhr a bj pmaii{ ~aik kdkvjo Agj

Dallkttkagjr) pma kt gap mj Dmhkr dag kgzjt a bj a~jgi{ hd ksj ~aik kdhii{ hgo pmkij ag

h _hie Tmap) h~~jhrjo a mhsj mhgot,ag kgsaisjljg kg mj pare ac mj Oj~hr ljg -Iasj

CL _hie Tmap) H~rki 8?) 2>8>+ Hga mjr Dallkttkag ljlbjr mht bjjg mj Tjdrj hr{

@jgjrhi ac mj ZO^) mj ~aik kdhi ~hr { kg ~apjr) cral h~~ra}klh ji{ 8;;; a ~rjtjg

Talj mrjj {jhrt hgo pa iadhi jijd kagt ih jr) mj Dallkttkag gar mj Oj~hr ljg mht

rj~ar jo ag k t t jphrotmk~‟h ijht ga ~zbikdi{ _mj iht Hggzhi Rj~ar ~raozdjo b{ mj

Oj~hr ljg ht ~jr mj pjbtk j kt oh jo 2>>: hgo mj iht Jijd kag Rj~ar pht car mj 2>>4

Lzgkdk~hi hgo ^hrikhljg hr{ Jijd kagt -ppp jijd kagt às bv) Lh{ 4) 2>8>+ _mj

Dallkttkag dag kgzjt ga a rj~ar ag k t t jphrotmk~ a mj Gh kaghi Httjlbi{ ht kt

rjxzkrjo b{ ihp

? ’Thiokshr Pkgt(“‟_mj @zhrokhg) Tzgoh{) Gasjlbjr 2) 2>>45 _mj @zhrokhg) Lhrdm 8>) 2>>2




2>

^HR_ 4

AG _MJ 2>>= JIJD_KAGT

Ojladrh kd!âik kdhi Dag j} ijhokg` a 2>>=_mj Dallagpjhi m Dhrkbbjhg pk m k t ikbjrhi ojladrh kd ~aik kdhi t{t jl mht bjjg

dihttkckjo ht mj lat ojladrh kd rj`kag kg mj ojsjia~kg` pario _mj ckgokg`t ac rjdjg

t zokjt ag mj ’ozrhbkik { hgo jccjd ksjgjtt“ bhtjo ag shrkhbijt tzdm ht ~aik kdhi rk`m t)

dkski ikbjr kjt) dal~j k ksj jijd kagt) hgo rjt~agtkbij àsjrgljg ) mhsj bjjg ~atk ksj

-Tz ag) 8;;;+ Ht pk m a mjr Dallagpjhi m Dhrkbbjhg dazg rkjt) dal~j k ksj jijd kagt

rjlhkg mj lat tk`gkckdhg dal~agjg ac Bjikvj‛t ojladrhd{ Jijd kagt hrj mjio h

kg jrshit ac cksj {jhrt cral mj oh j ac mj ckrt tk kg` ac mj Maztj ac Rj~rjtjg h ksjt)

zgijtt mj Gh kaghi Httjlbi{ kt okttaisjo jhrikjr b{ mj ^rklj Lkgkt jr) ht h mj 8;;4

@jgjrhi Jijd kag -_hbij 8+ Ht dijhri{ t h jo kg Tjd kag =? -2+ ac mj Bjikvj Dagt k z kag)

’‣ mj Gh kaghi Httjlbi{) zgijtt taagjr okttaisjo) tmhii dag kgzj car

cksj {jhrt cral mj oh j ac mj ckrt tk kg` ac mj Maztj ac

Rj~rjtjg h ksjt‣'“

Sa jr ~hr kdk~h kag h mj âiit kt sjr{ mk`m rjih ksj a a mjr dazg rkjt ac mj Dallagpjhi m

Dhrkbbjhg) hgo j}dj~ car pa kgt hgdjt pmjg ~j k kagt pjrj ckijo hgo ih jr pk morhpg) hii

jijd kag rjtzi t mhsj bjjg tjjg ht rjcijd kg` mj pkii ac mj ~ja~ij -^hihdka) 8;;4+




28

Hita) Bjikvj ht pk m a mjr dazg rkjt ac mj Jgìktm t~jhekg` Dhrkbbjhg -DHRKDAL+ rj`kag

kt bjkg` dagcrag jo pk m gzljrazt dmhiijg`jt mh dhg hosjrtji{ hccjd mj xzhik { ac k t

ojladrhd{ Tjsjrhi gasji ~aik kdhi lhgjzsjrkg`t zgztzhi a Bjikvj‛t ~aik kdhi dzi zrj)

tzrchdjo hrazgo 2>>?) hgo kg raozdjo h okccjrjg ijsji ac ojladrh kd ~hr kdk~h kag gjsjr

bjcarj j}~jrkjgdjo _mkt kt bjkg` rhktjo kg mkt t zo{) ga car hghi{tkt) bz ht hg jgojhsazr

a ~hkg mj ~aik kdhi hlbkhgdj hgo bjmhskazr ijhokg` z~ a mj @jgjrhi Jijd kagt ac 2>>=

cral h ~jrt~jd ksj ac ojladrhd{ ojsjia~ljg ) ar kl~raskg` ag ojladrhd{ _mj ~aik kdhi

h lat~mjrj lh{ mhsj kgcizjgdjo mj kgsk h kag j} jgojo car kg jrgh kaghi jijd kag

abtjrsh kag) pmkdm kt hita skjpjo b{ mkt t zo{ ht h ojladrhd{ ojsjia~ljg kgk kh ksj _mj

gjp,chgìjo ~aik kdhi!ojladrh kd okrjd kag pht larj sktkbij ozrkg` mj tjdago jrl ac mj

^Z^ àsjrgljg ) 2>>4 a 2>>=) mj ckrt pa, jrl àsjrgljg kg ~at ,kgoj~jgojg Bjikvj

_mjtj hd ksk kjt kgdizojo6

2>>4‟Dhii,kg _hie Tmapt pk m a~jg a~kdt hgo dag jg ) pjrj zbkxzk azt pk m jht{hddjtt ozj a mj hshkihbkik { ac ~rj,~hko labkij ~magjt hgo crjjkg` ac mj hkr phsjt

b{ mj ^Z^ àsjrgljg

Lko,Hz`zt ac 2>>?) agj {jhr hc jr bjkg` rj,jijd jo) tjsjg ljlbjrt ac mj ^Z^Dhbkgj rjtk`gjo jg lhttj cral Dhbkgj ) bz rj zrgjo hc jr h~~ra}klh ji{ agj pjje ar ta ac t hgo,acc

2>>: hgo 2>>3‟Dallkttkagt ac Kgxzkr{ kg a mj Tadkhi Tjdzrk { Bahro hgoOjsjia~ljg Ckghgdj Dar~arh kag

2>>: hgo 2>>0‟tjrkjt ac kgozt rkhi hd kagt hejg b{ mj Zgkagt) kgdizokg` mj^zbikd Tjrskdj hgo _jhdmjrt‛ Zgkagt6 ~raiag`jo t rkejt5 ~ra jt lhrdm agBjila~hg) kgdizokg` ohlh`j a mj Maztj ac Httjlbi{5 diatkg` oapg ac agj ac mjlhkg brko`jt kg Bjikvj Dk {5 ~aik kdhii{ la ksh jo t rjj labt balbhrokg` mj ^rkljLkgkt jr‛t rjtkojgdj pk m radet5 oktrjt~jd car ihp hgo arojr




22

2>>: ‟’ thba h`j ac gh kaghi ~magj) jijd rkdk { hgo ph jr gj paret pjrjthba h`jo5 B_I't jij~magj tpk dmjt pjrj vh~~jo hgo k t ckbjr a~ kd ikgjt tjsjrjo dhztkg` h drk~~ikg` agj pjje gh kaghi jijdal tmz oapg5 BJI't ihl~,~at t kg mj

rjla j dazg r{tkoj pjrj ardmjo pmkdm dhztjo gh kaghi az h`jt hgo iaho tmjookg` “ -ppp 0gjptbjikvj dal) H~rki 8;) 2>>:+

2>>:‟h h ~rjtt dagcjrjgdj mj Ijhojr ac mj A~~atk kag -ZO^+ ~zbikdi{ ojdihrjo’tzt hkgjo dkski oktabjokjgdj“ kg arojr a cardj jijd kagt - ppp 0gjptbjikvj dal )H~rki 80) 2>>:5 ppp dmhggji:bjikvj dal ) H~rki 8;) 2>>:+

Pmkij talj ac mj hd ksk kjt hbasjljg kagjo lh{ bj rj`hrojo ht ojladrh kd rk`m t ar

ojladrhd{ kg hd kag) h cjp pjrj hd kagt mh dazio bj skjpjo ht a~~ar zgkt kd ~aik kdhi

t rh j kjt hgo!ar thba h j _mj Dhbkgj rjtk`gh kag ac tjsjg ljlbjrt) kgdiztksj ac mj

Oj~z { ^rklj Lkgkt jr rjtjlbijo hg h jl~ jo bahroraal daz~ kg mh mj tjsjg âik kdhi

Ijhojrt cji k drzdkhi jgaz`m a cardj mj mhgot ac mj ^rklj Lkgkt jr a ’drjh j h gjp

ckghgdkhi lhgh`jljg t rzd zrj“ K mho hii mj lhekg`t ac h ~apjr t rz` ij az ac dag rai

kgdizokg`) ~zbikd t hgo,acc) tmapoapg) hgo mj zi klh j lhtt rjtk`gh kag ac mj tjsjg

Lkgkt jrt kgdizokg` mj Oj~z { _mj ^zbikd Tjrskdj pht tmhejg Bjikvj pht t zggjo) bz

jgozrjo mj tjsjg jgtj oh{t ac t hgo,acc _mj bjijh`zjrjo ^rklj Lkgkt jr asjrdhlj mj

arojhi) bz mkt ^hr { hgo àsjrgljg pjrj tziikjo hgo oko ga dal~ij ji{ rjdasjr _mj

~apjr ac mj Dhbkgj pht ojl{t kckjo) hgo hg hzrh ac ’okt rzt ac mj àsjrgljg “ pht

tzt hkgjo b{ A~~agjg t mraz`m a mj 2>>= Jijd kagt -ppp dmhggji:bjikvj dal) Hz`zt

82) 83 — 28) 2>>?+




24

_mj t rkejt hgo dkski zgrjt pjrj taag ~aik kdhii{ kgcki rh jo: Car j}hl~ij) h ijhojr ac agj

ac mj Zgkagt -Httadkh kag ac Tjgkar ^zbikd Acckdjrt+ ih jr rjtk`gjo cral mj ^zbikd

Tjrskdj 3) pht jgoartjo b{ mj ZO^ ht mj Lh{arhi dhgokoh j car mj 2>>3 Bjikvj Dk {

Dazgdki Jijd kag) hgo pag mj jijd kag -^hihdka 2>>;+ _mj ^rjtkojg ac mj ^zbikd Tjrskdj

Zgkag) kg hg zgtzddjttczi daz~ h jl~ ) ojlhgojo mh mj ^rklj Lkgkt jr ’Rjcarl) Rjtk`g

ar bj Rjlasjo“ ) hgo h ij jr a mj ^rklj Lkgkt jr cral mj Gh kaghi _rhoj Zgkag

Dag`rjtt dhiijo car mkt ’klljokh j rjtk`gh kag ht ^rklj Lkgkt jr ht pjii ht mj

rjtk`gh kag ac mj jg krj àsjrgljg ac Bjikvj" -ppp 0gjptbjikvj dal) H~rki 8;) 2>>:+

_mj 2>>? lhtt rjtk`gh kag pht tjjg ht ’lat chtdkgh kg`“ a mj mjg Ijhojr ac mj

A~~atk kag) hgo mj 2>>: ~jrkao pht tjjg ht mj ’lat zrbzijg “ {jhr jsjr a mj

Fazrghikt t ac Dmhggji 0 -ppp dmhggji:bjikvj dal) Hz`zt ) 2>>?5 ppp 0gjptbjikvj dal)

Ojdjlbjr 4>) 2>>:+ Pmh jsjr mj skjpt) mjtj hd kagt pjrj ojlagt rhbij ac h gjp

ojsjia~ljg ) h gjp jrh kg Bjikvj‛t ojladrhd{) hgo agj pmkdm mj ZO^ hgo a mjrt ztjo a

mjkr czii hoshg h`j hii mj ph{ a O,oh{) Cjbrzhr{ 0) 2>>= -ppp dmhggji:bjikvj dal)

Hz`zt 20) 2>>?+

Jccjd ag 2>>= Jijd kag Lhgh`jljg _mkt pht h h}kg` klj car ^zbikd Acckdjrt) mj lat dmhiijg`kg` bjkg` mj ~jrkao Ojdjlbjr

2>>0 a Cjbrzhr{ 0) 2>>= ijhokg` z~ a Bjikvj't ^hrikhljg hr{ Jijd kag _mj ^zbikd Tjrskdj

: La{h dagckrljo mj tz~~ar ac mj zgkag‟’Lh{ar Vjghkoh La{h Ciapjrt Hgtpjrt mj _az`m Xzjt kagt“5Ad abjr 8;) 2>>;) ppp dmhggji:gjpt dal

3 La{h t kii h ^zbikd Acckdjr h Hz`zt 2>>:‟’Vjghkoh La{h Skd arkazt H`hkgt @AB Xzjt a Ckrj Mjr5ppp rj~ar jr bv ) Hz`zt 23) 2>>: La{h kt h ~aik kdkhg h Ad abjr 2>>:‟’Vjghkoh kt ZO^ Dhgokoh j car Lh{ar“5 ppp rj~ar jr bv ) Ad abjr 2?) 2>>:




2?

ht mj bziphre ac t hbkik { kg àsjrghgdj pht jt jo hgo ijc tmhejg _mj jgtkagt ac 2>>:

hgo mjg h`hkg kg jhri{ 2>>0) jtdhih jo pk m ~rjdktj tzb ij { kg a 2>>= ^zbikd Acckdjrt pk m

rjt~agtkbkik { a daarokgh j hgo lhgh`j mj 2>>= @jgjrhi Jijd kag pjrj kg klkoh jo

mraz`m sjrbhi dmhrhd jr htthttkgh kagt b{ ~aik kdhi a~jrh ksjt) hgo ag mj ohki{ _hie Tmapt

ac agj Ljokh maztj kg ~hr kdzihr K pht dijhri{ jijd kag mz``jr{ hgo jsjg jrrarkvh kag kg

hd kag Pmkij mj bzii{kg` pht bhtjijtt hgo zgcazgojo) k pht j} rjlji{ jccjd ksj) ht

tjsjrhi ^zbikd Acckdjrt a~ jo az ac ~jrcarlkg` oz kjt httk`gjo a dagozd mj Jijd kagt)

~rklhrki{ ozj a cjhr hgo rj~koh kag Lat jccjd ksj pht mj ~jrdj~ kag ac iatkg` fabt kc

matj kg A~~atk kag pjrj a bjdalj mj gjp battjt kg h dmhg`j ac ijhojrtmk~) ht mj rjtzi

ac mj sjr{ jijd kag mh mj{ pjrj a lhgh j H mj thlj klj mj Oj~hr ljg gar mj

Dallkttkag mho hbtaiz ji{ ga fzrktokd kag asjr Jijd kag Parejrt) ht mk`mik`m jo jhrikjr kg

mj hofzt ljg t a mj ij`hi crhljpare _mkt ijsji ac h` rjttkag pht hg hlazg a okrjd

h hdet ag hg kl~ar hg kgt k z kag ac ojladrhd{ kg Bjikvj) ghlji{ mj Jijd arhi

Lhgh jljg Bao{ _mj Oj~hr ljg ht mj ~rklhr{ JLB pht mj lhkg kgt k z kag zgojr

h hde b{ ~aik kdhi a~jrh ksjt Ht h rjtzi ) mj Oj~hr ljg pht cardjo a a~jrh j zgojr

jgzazt dkrdzlt hgdjt) hgo pht tjrkazti{ szigjrhbij a brjheoapgt ag tjsjrhi crag t kg mj

ar`hgkvh kag hgo dagozd ac mj 2>>= @jgjrhi Jijd kag Ozj a mj j}kt kg` kgt k z kaghi hgo

ij`hi crhljparet hbasjljg kagjo) mj Oj~hr ljg pht ga kgtzih jo cral tzdm ~jrtaghihtthzi t) hgo pht ijc a oa bh ij ag k t apg _mj bh ij pht ag pa crag t‟ a `ksj ~t{dma,

tadkhi tz~~ar a ^zbikd Acckdjrt) hgo a t hgo z~ a talj ac mj ~aik kdhi a~jrh ksjt0

Iht lkgz j rjdrzk ljg hgo rhkgkg` ac gjp Jijd kag Parejrt) hiag` pk m mj ~t{dma,

tadkhi tz~~ar pjrj dagozd jo dazg r{pkoj zgojr rjljgoazt mhrotmk~t _rhkgjo Jijd kag

0 ppp iasjcl dal ) Cjbrzhr{ 8) 2>>= hgo Cjbrzhr{ :) 2>>=




2:

Parejrt hrj drzdkhi a jijd kag kg j`rk { hgo jcckdkjgd{ ag mj Jijd kag Oh{ k tjic) hgo

zgcazgojo ~aik kdhi h``rjttkag kt h skaih kag ac mh kg j rk { K kt hita h mrjh a Bjikvj‛t

ojladrhd{ _mj gjp Rjdrzk t) hiag` pk m mj Acckdjrt pma rj zrgjo hgo matj pma

rjlhkgjo) ojlagt rh jo lzdm rjt rhkg hgo ~racjttkaghiktl5 hgo Bjikvj ht kt azr ~aik kdhi

dzi zrj) h`hkg j}~jrkjgdjo h crjj hgo chkr jijd kag -^hihdka 8;;4+ Ga pk mt hgokg` mj

mrjh t cral ~aik kdhi a~jrh ksjt h`hkgt mj holkgkt rh art ac mj jijd kag hgo mj Jijd kag

Lhgh`jljg Bao{ - mj kgt k z kag+) sa jrt zrgjo az kg ihr`j gzlbjrt) pmkdm ojlagt rh jo

dagckojgdj mh mj jijd kag pkii bj crjj hgo chkr) hii jitj bjkg` jxzhi

-m ~6!!ppp jttj} hd ze!àsjrgljg !jijd arhilhi~rhd kdj+ Ojladrhd{ tmazio ga bj hejg

car `rhg jo maz`m) hgo pa hrjht ac ~aikd{ hgo ihp dhg bj ojsjia~jo cral mkt j}~jrkjgdj)

ghlji{ t rjg` mjgkg` ojladrh kd kgt k z kagt) hgo bzkiokg` dh~hdk { car ~zbikd jg`h`jljg

Hz`ljg kg` mj jgtj ~aik kdhi h lat~mjrj jccjd jo b{ mj ~aik kdhi bzii{kg`) pht mh mj

Dmkjc Jijd kagt Acckdjr ht mj mjho ac mj ~rklhr{ JLB rjt~agtkbij car jijd arhi lh jrt)

mho agi{ bjjg kg Acckdj car h~~ra}klh ji{ mrjj lag mt h mj klj ac mj jijd kag dhii Ta

mh mj Oj~hr ljg pht chdjo pk m h lhfar egapijo`j `h~) pmjg mj Dmkjc ihdejo mj

gjdjtthr{ j}~jrkjgdj5 hgo pht ihr ji{ zg~rj~hrjo a ojiksjr hgo `zhrhg jj) h drjokbij hgo

jcckdkjg jijd kag lhgh`jljg ) jttjg khi car h crjj hgo chkr jijd kag Tjgkar ^zbikd Acckdjrt

cral a mjr @asjrgljg H`jgdkjt pjrj jgikt jo a bz rjtt mj Oj~hr ljg ‛t lhgh jljg

hgo ijhojrtmk~ ozrkg` mkt drzdkhi ~jrkao Pmkij k pht dzt alhr{ a j}~hgo mj t hcc ac mj

Oj~hr ljg cral a mjr @asjrgljg H`jgdkjt a httkt kg mj holkgkt rh kag hgo dagozd ac

jijd kagt) mkt pht ztzhii{ hddal~iktmjo zgojr garlhi dkrdzlt hgdjt Pk m ~aik kdhi

mz``jr{) jrrarkvh kag ac Jijd kag Parejrt hgo kgj}~jrkjgdjo ijhojrtmk~) mjtj pjrj lat

dmhiijg`kg` kljt car Bjikvj‛t ojladrh kd kgt k z kag kg dhrr{kg` az k t ij`hi lhgoh j




23

^HR_ ?

_MJ JIJD_KAG ABTJRSJR JCCJD_

Abtjrskg` mj Abtjrsjr

Ht Jijd kag Oh{ orjp diatjr) Bjikvj pht zgojràkg` talj mkg` ac h drktkt) pmjrjb{hg{ mkg` àjt kg mj Ljokh K rjtjlbijo larj h Ljokh cjjokg` crjgv{ ht mh j bjdhlj h

dallaok {) hgo ~ral~ jo agj a xzjt kag mj raij jijd kagt ~ih{ kg mj dagtaikoh kag ac

ojladrhd{ Kg mj lkot ac hii mkt mj @asjrgljg ac Bjikvj zgojr aae mj baio t j~ a

kgsk j Kg jrgh kaghi Jijd kag Abtjrsjrt a mj 2>>= Jijd kag Kg jrgh kaghi jijd kag

abtjrsh kag mht bjdalj hg kl~ar hg ljdmhgktl car jgtzrkg` jijd kag kg j`rk { hgo

jgmhgdkg` mj drjokbkik { hgo ij`k klhd{ ac jijd kagt -HDJ) Tj~ jlbjr 2>>3+ Pmkij k

jgfa{t hilat zgksjrthi hddj~ hgdj) kg jrgh kaghi jijd kag abtjrsh kag kt dagozd jo ozrkg`

hg j}djjokgì{ tjgtk ksj ~jrkao ac mh dazg r{ hgo k t ~ja~ij) hgo ozj a iklk h kagt) agi{ h

tgh~tma ac mj ~aik kdhi dzi zrj kt abtjrsjo -Brhml) Tj~ 2>>?+ _mkt pht mj ckrt jijd kag

abtjrsjr lkttkag a Bjikvj hgo mj Dallagpjhi m Tjdrj hrkh pht mj Abtjrsjr @raz~ ta

kgsk jo H Dallagpjhi m _jhl ac cksj ~jrtagt) kgdizokg` pa t hcc ~jrtagt pht oj~ia{jo

ag h tmar jrl lkttkag) hrrkskg` h~~ra}klh ji{ cazr oh{t ~rkar a Jijd kag Oh{

_mj az dalj ac mj Lkttkag dhlj kg mj carl ac h Rj~ar talj cksj pjjet hc jr mj 2>>=

Jijd kag _mj Dallagpjhi m Abtjrsjr _jhl‛t Rj~ar dagdizojo mh’Bjikvj jgfa{t h




20

lh zrj ojladrhd{ hgo h pjii,czgd kagkg` jijd arhi ~radjtt“ ) hgo ’‣sa kg` hgo dazg kg`

pjrj dhrrkjo az jcckdkjg i{ ‣“ hgo mh’‣ mj 2>>= @jgjrhi Jijd kag pjrj drjokbij“ _mj

Rj~ar accjrjo tjsjg bziij ,~akg rjdalljgoh kagt ’‣car kl~rasjljg t a mj jijd arhi t rzd zrj) ~radjtt hgo jgskragljg ‣ “ _mrjj ac mjtj hrj okrjd i{ rjih jo a mj t h zt ac

mj jijd kag lhgh jljg baokjt _mj rjdalljgoh kag kt car agj j}~hgojo) kgoj~jgojg

bao{ pk m mj Dmhkr bjkg` h~~akg jo cral hlag` mj ljlbjrt _mrjj abtjrsh kagt ag mj

Rj~ar ljrk mk`mik`m kg`) iaaekg` h mj brahojr j}~hgtj ac dal~j k ksj jijd kagjjrkg`)

jijd kag lhgh`jljg baokjt) hgo mj ~rhd kdj ac jijd kag abtjrsh kag!lagk arkg` kg

ojj~jgkg` ojladrhd{ kg Bjikvj

Ckrt i{) mj Rj~ar ‛t rjijhtj talj cksj pjjet hc jr h ckjrdji{ dal~j k ksj Jijd kag phtzg klji{ car mrjj ~rklhr{ rjhtagt ht ikt jo bjiap

Jijd kag Abtjrsjr Lkttkagt hrj ~jrdjksjo ht agj hrbk jr kg mj az dalj ac hgjijd kag

Kgcarlh kag bjdaljt ijtt rjijshg pk m mj ~htth`j ac klj

_kljikgjtt kt hg jijljg ac àao àsjrghgdj

@aao àsjrghgdj ~rkgdk~ijt lkrrar lhg{ jttjg khi jijljg t ac ojladrhd{ hgo agj ht~jd ac

kljikgjtt kt rhgt~hrjgd{ Gh kag t h jt tzdm ht Bjikvj kgsk j kgoj~jgojg lagk arkg`

baokjt ~rklhrki{ a pk gjtt mj ij`k klhd{ ac mj jijd kag hgo a oj jrlkgj tzdm ar ga _mkt

tmazio bj dagsj{jo kg h klji{ lhggjr Ht h rjtzi ac mj hrokgjtt ac mj Rj~ar ) daz~ijo

pk m Bjikvj‛t ~at ,jijd kag mkt ar{) mj t h jljg ac drjokbkik { b{ mj Dallagpjhi m

Abtjrsjrt pht h gag,t h jljg hgo xzkdei{ bjdhlj ~aik kdhii{ krrjijshg -^hihdka) 8;;45

Jijd kag Rj~ar t 8;;; a 2>>4+




2=

Tjdagoi{) mj dmhiijg`jt pk m mj JLBt mhsj bjjg ~zbikdi{ mk`mik`m jo cral 2>>: h h

dagcjrjgdj t~agtarjo b{ mj Dallagpjhi m Tjdrj hrkh -^hihdka 2>>:+5 hgo pmkij

kl~raskg` ag Bjikvj‛t jijd arhi lhgh`jljg bao{ kt ga mkg` tmar ac h ij`hi hgo

holkgkt rh ksj rhgtcarlh kag) mj Dallagpjhi m Abtjrsjr Rj~ar lhoj talj t~jdkckd

rjdalljgoh kagt _a oh j) hgo 3>* kg a mj jrl ac mj dzrrjg àsjrgljg ) mjtj

rjdalljgoh kagt mhsj kgshrkhbi{ bjjg oktrj`hrojo Mhskg` larj mhg pa, mkrot lhfark {

kg mj Maztj ac Rj~rjtjg h ksjt) mj dzrrjg àsjrgljg mht mj ~aik kdhi ~apjr a lhej mj

rhgtcarlh kag) jsjg car rjhtagt ac rjd kc{kg` pmh pht laokckjo kg 8;==!8;=; Kgt jho mj

jijd kag lhgh`jljg baokjt hrj gap pmaii{ ~aik kdkvjo ht httjr jo hbasj Bz pm{ k`garj

mj rjdalljgoh kagt ac mj Dallagpjhi m Abtjrsjrt hgo ~aik kdkvj mj jijd kag

lhgh`jljg baokjt) pmjg mj ZO^ ht a~~atk kag dhl~hk`gjo car hgo pag mj 2>>=

Jijd kag ag h ~ih carl ac àao àsjrghgdj ~rhd kdjt1 _mkt ijhot ag a mj mkro

abtjrsh kag

_mkroi{) mj Rj~ar tkgìjo az mj Httadkh kag car Dagdjrgjo Bjikvjhgt -HDB+ h rjih ksji{

gjp G@A) ht mj ar`hgkvh kag mh ’lazg jo h sjr{ t rag` dhl~hk`g car h chkr hgo

rhgt~hrjg jijd kag“ Agj fzt kckdh kag lhoj kg mj Rj~ar pht mh mj HDB ~ztmjo a

bhg djii ~magjt cral mj âiikg` T h kagt a oj jr brkbjr{ Brkbjr{ kt ojckgjo ht mj

accjrkg`) ~ralktkg` ar `kskg` ac talj mkg` kg arojr a kgcizjgdj h ~zbikd acckdkhi Ag

httzlkg` ~apjr) mj gjp @asjrgljg hccarojo ~atk kagt hgo hphrot ac dag rhd t a talj

ljlbjrt ac mj HDB Hi maz`m mjrj pht h ~rjtkojg ) agj ljlbjr t aao az ht lat

hd ksj hgo pkii bj rjcjrrjo a kg mkt t zo{ ht Ijhojr Agj ljlbjr ac mj HDB pht

h~~akg jo @asjrgar ac mj Djg rhi Bhge =) hgo hga mjr pht h~~akg jo dmhkrlhg ac Bji rhkoj;

= _mj Djg rhi Bhge ac Bjikvj ’~raskojt bhgekg` tjrskdjt a mj àsjrgljg ac Bjikvj hgo ckghgdkhikgt k z kagt) kttzkg` oaljt kd dzrrjgd{) rj`zih kg` dalljrdkhi bhget hgo a mjr ckghgdkhi kgt k z kagt) ~raskoj




2;

-ppp djg rhibhge ar` bv5 Bjikvj @hvj j Ga ?0) ~` =:3) $3845 Gas 22) 2>>=+ _mj

Ijhojr pht h~~akg jo Dmhkr ac mj Tadkhi Tjdzrk { Bahro 8> -ppp tadkhitjdzrk { ar` bv+ Kg

Hz`zt 2>>;) mj @asjrgljg ac Bjikvj hdxzkrjo lhfark { tmhrjt kg mj Bjikvj

_jijdallzgkdh kagt I o ) hgo mj Ijhojr pht h~~akg jo Tjdrj hr{ a mj Bahro) hiag` pk m

mj tag88 pma pht h~~akg jo ht ljlbjr ac mj thlj Bahro -ppp `zhrokhg bv+ _mj Ijhojr

pht hita hphrojo pk m hg zgztzhii{ ihr`j gzlbjr ac @asjrgljg ‛t mk`m ~rackij dhtjt a mj

zgj ac h~~ra}klh ji{ /8 : lkiikag oaiihrt a oh j -Maztj Ljj kg`) Cjbrzhr{ 8;) 2>8>5

ppp dmhggji:bjikvj dal) Cjb 8>) 2>8>+ Dhg mj hbasj hd kagt bj dagt rzjo ht brkbjr{1

Kg mj hbasj ojckgk kag) brkbjr{ kt dmhrhd jrkvjo ht h ’~ralktj“) pmkdm kt cz zrkt kd5 hgo

brkbjr{ dhg dalj kg lhg{ carlt) ~jdzgkhr{ ar gag,~jdzgkhr{ Hita hddarokg` a mj

ik jrh zrj) gag,~jdzgkhr{ carlt dhg kgsaisj chsazrhbij ~zbikdk { a agj tkoj sjrtzt mj

a mjr Pht mkt mj dhtj kg Bjikvj pk m mj HDB1 Ar pjrj mj hd kagt ac mj HDB h dijhr

j}hl~ij ac ~aik kdhi httk`gh kag car cz zrj dagtzllh kag1 Pmkij mj hgtpjrt a mjtj

xzjt kagt hrj az tkoj mj tda~j hgo abfjd ksjt ac mkt t zo{) mj{ rj~rjtjg caao car maz`m

kg mj dag kgzkg` okhia`zj ac bzkiokg` ag Bjikvj‛t ojladrhd{ Par m{ ac ljg kagkg` kt mh

jdagalkd hoskdj a mj @asjrgljg ) kgcarlh kag ag lagj hr{ hgo a mjr jdagalkd ojsjia~ljg “-ppp djg rhibhge àr` bv+

; Bji rhkoj kt hdrag{l car Bjikvj rhoj hgo kgsjt ljg ojsjia~ljg tjrskdj) hgo kt h t h z ar{ -xzhtkàsjrgljg + kgt k z kag àsjrgjo b{ h Bahro ac Okrjd art -ppp bjikvjkgsjt ar` bv+

8> _mj Tadkhi Tjdzrk { czgo kt ckghgdjo b{ dag rkbz kagt lhoj b{ parejrt hgo mjkr jl~ia{jrt hgo ~raskojtrj krjljg ) tzrsksart) lh jrgk { bjgjck t) czgjrhi rhg t j d a mj parejrt _mj Tadkhi Tjdzrk { Bahro kt h

~hr ac mj ~ar caika ac mj Lkgkt r{ ac Ckghgdj pma h~~akg t h Bahro a holkgkt jr mj czgo-ppp tadkhitjdzrk { ar` bv+

88 Mj rjtk`gjo kg Cjbrzhr{ 2>88‟’Gjp Dmhg`jt kg _jijljokh Bahro ac Okrjd art“-bjikvj jijljokh gj !gjpt+




4>

agj ljlbjr ac mj HDB mht tkgdj ~zbikdi{ dihkljo a mhsj bjjg mj Gh kaghi Dhl~hk`g

Lhgh jr car mj ZO^ kg 2>>=) hgo cazgojr ac mj HDB -ppp 0gjptbjikvj dal) Lh{ 80)

2>8>+ Hii mj hbasj hd kagt dht h diazo ac zgdjr hkg { asjr HDB‛t àao kg jg kagt hgo

abfjd ksjt Bz larj kl~ar hg i{ car ~zr~atjt ac mkt t zo{) mj Dallagpjhi m Abtjrsjr

Rj~ar b{ ta okt kg`zktmkg` hg ar`hgkvh kag mh ojlagt rh jo talj kgdikgh kag aphrot

~hr kthg ~aik kdt rjsjhit talj ojckdkjgdkjt kg mj abtjrsh kag hgo mjrjcarj mj Rj~ar

Drk kdktlt

Drk kdktlt mhsj bjjg ijskjo ag kg jrgh kaghi jijd kag abtjrsh kag hgo lagk arkg` b{tdmaihrt ht pjii ht ~hr kdk~hg t Agj ~hr kdk~hg kg mkt ~h~jr oj jrlkgjo mh kg jrgh kaghi

jijd kag lagk arkg` dhg bj h ztjczi aai) bz mh ’ aa ac jg k kt h dmhrhoj“ ) pmjg Lkttkagt

ihde mj aait’ a rhgtdjgo mj tz~jrckdkhi hgo jl~krkdhii{ bhtjijtt httjr kagt ac chkrgjtt

ar crhzo mh hrj ac jg cazgo kg lagk arkg` ojij`h kagt‛ rj~ar “ -Lzgtag Fr ) 2>>=+

Talj kgokd ljg t tzrrazgo6 mj ozrh kag ac mj lkttkag) xzhik { ac abtjrsh kag) mj

j}~jrkjgdj ac mj Abtjrsjrt kg hrjht tzdm ht ojladrhd{ ojsjia~ljg hgo jijd arhi

lhgh`jljg ) hgo mj ~rj~hrh kag ac Ojij h jt H cjp ac mjtj hrj mk`mik`m jo bjiap-^jrjkrh) Ad abjr 2>>3+

K mht bjdalj hg a~~ar zgk { car ’jijd arhi azrktl“

Abtjrsjrt jgo a hrrksj h dagdiztkagt mh dag rhokd mjkr abtjrsh kagt

Kghojxzh j tkvj ac mj lkttkag hgo!ar klj t~hg aa tmar dal~hrjo a mjdal~ij}k { ac mj jijd arhi j}jrdktj

Lktzgojrt hgokg` mj abtjrsjo gh kag‛t ~aik kdhi dzi zrj hgo dkrdzlt hgdj




48

Rji{kg` ag ljokh a `hkg kgcarlh kag hbaz mj jijd arhi h lat~mjrj

Ihdet mj gjdjtthr{ h jg kag a oj hkit rjxzkrjo ac xzhik { jijd kag lagk arkg`

Ihdet zgkcarl kg jrgh kaghi t hgohrot mh ojckgj pmh dagt k z jt h crjj hgo chkr jijd kag

_mj tdmaihrt iaaejo h mj ~aik kdhi raij ~ih{jo b{ Abtjrsjrt) hgo mj t hgohrot hgo

lj maoaia`kjt jl~ia{jo kg mj dasjrh`j ac mj jijd kag Agj drk kd pht h ljlbjr ac hg

Kg jrgh kaghi Abtjrsjr _jhl) hgo tzrlktjo mh mj _jhl ihdejo egapijo`j ac mkt ar{ hgo

dzi zrj ac mj dazg r{ zgojr abtjrsh kag -Lzgtag Fr ) 2>>=+

Z kikvkg` dag jg hgo ghrrh ksj hghi{tkt ac mj Rj~ar ht rjtjhrdm jdmgkxzjt) hg a~kgkag ag

mj J}~jr _jhl Rj~ar ag Bjikvj‛t 2>>= Jijd kag pht dallzgkdh jo a mj Mjho) âik kdhi

Hcchkrt Oksktkag h _mj Dallagpjhi m Tjdrj hrkh -^hihdka) 2>>=5 ppp bjikvj,

ìjttklhrjtjhrdm ar`+ _mj Dallzgkxzë ~akg jo az pk m fzt kckdh kag) bkhtjt hgo

kghddzrhdkjt kg mj bao{ ac mj Rj~ar ) pmkdm hrj ga rjcijd ksj ac mj dagdiztkag hgo talj

ac mj rjdalljgoh kagt _mkt hiag` pk m mj ojckdkjgd{ kg abtjrsh kag hgo zg klji{

rj~ar kg` mk`mik`m jo hbasj) ojlagt rh j lhfar pjhegjttjt

Pmkij mj cihpt ac Abtjrsjr Lkttkagt mhsj bjjg ~zbikdkvjo) jijd kag abtjrsh kag kt t kii

mk`mi{ shizjo ht h ojladrhd{ ojsjia~ljg kgk kh ksj) kc car ga a mjr rjhtag mhg mj

skjp~akg mh dal~j k ksj jijd kagt rjlhkg mj lat kl~ar hg jijljg ac h ikbjrhi

ojladrhd{ _a bj jccjd ksj kg jgtzrkg` jijd kag kg j rk {) Abtjrsjr Lkttkagt‛ Rj~ar t lzt

bj bj{ago kg rhd hbij Lkttkagt tmazio tzblk h daoj ac j mkdt a jhdm abtjrsjo dazg r{

pmkdm dhg bj z kikvjo ht agj bhtkt car h~~rhkthi Hita Lkttkagt tmazio bj mjio hddazg hbij)

kc ga mkg` jitj) a th ktc{ àao àsjrghgdj ~rkgdk~ijt car hii ^hr kjt dagdjrgjo) hgo ga agi{

mj T h j bjkg` abtjrsjo




42

^hr :

PMJRJ,CAR_M BJIKVJ1

Tzllhr{ hgo Rjdalljgoh kagt

Ojladrhd{ kt bzki ag h cazgoh kag ac rk`m t hgo skr zjt) hgo pmkij mj rk`m a dmhiijg`j ~aik kdhi hz mark { kt czgohljg hi) ta kt mj rk`m a rjt~jd a mjrt) hgo lat kl~ar hg i{ a

homjrj a mj rzij ac ihp Bjikvj dhg bj skjpjo) ht mj Dallagpjhi m Abtjrsjr Rj~ar

oko) ht jgfa{kg` h tzddjttczi hgo czgd kagkg` ojladrhd{ _mj dazg r{ mht j}~jrkjgdjo pjii

dagozd jo jijd arhi dag jt t mh rjcijd mj pkii ac mj ~ja~ij) jxzhik { kg sa kg`) hgo

a~~ar zgk kjt car jccjd ksj ~hr kdk~h kag Zgojri{kg` mkt ~jrdj~ kag kt mj rjhi mrjh a mj

xzhik { ac Bjikvj‛t ojladrhd{ mraz`m6 jrrarkvkg` ojladrh kd kgt k z kagt) ~attkbij brkbjr{

skh httk`gh kag) oktrj`hro car mj rzij ac ihp) zgtzddjttczi daz~t) hgo ~aik kdhii{ kgt~krjo

dkski zgrjt pmkdm kgdizojo mj lhgh`jljg ac mj ^zbikd Tjrskdj) ghlji{ mj Httadkh kag

ac Tjgkar ^zbikd Acckdjrt) mraz`m mj hd kagt ac k t Skdj ^rjtkojg82 Pk m pa lhfar

jijd kagt iaalkg` ag mj markvag) Bjikvj gjjot a tjrkazti{ t rjg` mjg k t ojladrh kd

kgt k z kagt) k t jijd arhi t{t jlt hgo bzkio dh~hdk { car ~zbikd jg`h`jljg Lzgkdk~hi

82 ’_hiet Bj pjjg Zgkagt hgo @AB Brjheoapg“5 ppp 0gjptbjikvj dal ) Cjbrzhr{ 8>) 2>>:‟TmaptLa{h‛t kgsaisjljg kg 2>>:




44

Jijd kagt hrj ozj kg Lhrdm 2>82) hgo mj oh j car mj gj} ^hrikhljg hr{ Jijd kag rjt t kg

mj mhgot ac mj ^rklj Lkgkt jr) ht rjcjrjgdjo hbasj) hgo dhg bj dhiijo hg{ klj bj pjjg

gap hgo Cjbrzhr{ 2>84 _mj t rjg` mjgkg` kt ga mkg` tmar ac h lhgh`jljg hgo ij hi rj,

jg`kgjjrkg` ac tar t) hgo lh{ bj klj dagtzlkg` bz t rh j`kd kg jccjd kg` àao

àsjrghgdj Talj tz` jt kagt h jccjd kg` dmhg`j hrj accjrjo kg mj jgtzkg` ~hrh`rh~mt

T rjg` mjgkg` ac mj jijd arhi lhgh`jljg t{t jl t hr t pk m rjcarlkg` hgo rjt rzd zrkg`

mj jijd arhi lhgh`jljg bao{ _mkt pkii rjxzkrj hljgokg` mj ij`hi crhljpare pmkdm pkii

`ksj okrjd kag a mj kgt k z kaghi crhljpare K kt djr hkgi{ hdmkjshbij kc mj ~rjtjg

@asjrgljg mht mj pkii a oa ta Talj mrjj xzhr jrt lhfark { -0:*+ kg mj Maztj ac

Rj~rjtjg h ksjt kt pmh kt rjxzkrjo a kg raozdj hljgoljg t a Tjd kag == ac mj

Dagt k z kag) hgo mj ljlbjrt ag mj àsjrgljg tkoj dal~rktj =>* Skjpt ag dmhg`j

dhg bj taikdk jo mraz`m h ~hr kdk~h ar{ lhggjr) b{ jg`h`kg` ^hr gjrt) ghlji{ ~aik kdhi

~hr kjt) dkski tadkj {) hgo kg jrjt jo kgokskozhit5 ht pjii ht iaaekg` h bjt ~rhd kdjt pk mkg

mj rj`kag Hiag` pk m kl~raskg` ag mj kgt k z kaghi crhljpare) kt hoshgdkg` mj jijd arhi

t{t jlt) tzdm ht larj rhgt~hrjg sa kg` hgo rj`kt rh kag t{t jlt) dijhr ~radjttjt car mj

jgcardjljg ac prag` oakg`) tzdm ht brkbjr{ hgo jrrarktl kg hii ht~jd t ac jijd arhi

lh jrt _mkt dhg bj oagj kg mj thlj lhggjr pk m dagtjgtzt mraz`m dagtzi h kagt ~rkar a

hg{ ij`hi hljgoljg t _mj jccjd ksj hgo jcckdkjg rj`kt rh kag ac Jijd art kt drzdkhi a

dal~j k ksj jijd kagt) hgo ozj a mj dzt al ac crjxzjg lasjljg t ac ~jrtagt) mj

Jijd arhi Ikt t tmazio bj dijhgjo skh rj`zihr rj,rj`kt rh kag j}jrdktjt) h ijht jsjr{ pjisj

{jhrt _mj iht rj,rj`kt rh kag j}jrdktj pht dagozd jo kg 8;;0!8;;=) ta mh agj kt ozj

bjcarj mj gj} tdmjozijo lzgkdk~hi hgo ~hrikhljg hr{ jijd kagt Jijd arhi Ikt t hrj mj

ikcjbiaao ac azr sa kg` t{t jl) hgo pmjg dzrrjg `ksj hii âik kdhi ^hr kjt kgdizokg` _mkro

^hr kjt jxzhi hddjtt a Jijd art kg jhdm Jijd arhi Oksktkag pmjrj mj{ rjtkoj




4?

Egapijo`j kt ~apjr hgo jccjd ksj ~hr kdk~h kag rjxzkrjt egapijo`j Kg mkt ik`m sa jr

jozdh kag ag mj ihpt) rk`m t hgo abik`h kagt tmazio bj dag kgzazt _mkt dhg bj

kgt k z kaghikvjo car j}hl~ij6 pk mkg mj ^zbikd Tjrskdj ht k kt mj ~aai cral pmjrj Jijd kag

Parejrt hrj orhpg) jr khr{ ijsji kgt k z kagt ta ht a brkg` hphrjgjtt a ~a jg khi gjp

sa jrt) hgo ~zbikd carh car mj bjgjck ac mj pkojr ~zbikd) ~hr kdzihri{ ljlbjrt ac _mkro

^hr kjt _mj kgdrjhtkg` jljr jgdj ac _mkro ^hr kjt h Jijd kag klj kt h ~hrhok l tmkc mh

lzt bj jccjd ksji{ jlbrhdjo kg mj holkgkt rh kag ac jijd kagt _a jcckdkjg i{ oa ta) hgo

car ~zr~atjt ac ~ihggkg` hgo rhgt~hrjgd{) ~aik kdhi ~hr kjt gjjo a bj kojg kckjo pk mkg h

rjhtaghbij klj bjcarj hg jijd kag kt dhiijo) hgo dhg bj hddal~iktmjo mraz`m ij`ktih kag

Pmkij hii ~aik kdhi ~hr kjt pkii bj rjda`gkvjo) mj jljr`kg` _mkro ^hr kjt dhg mhsj jxzhi

a~~ar zgk kjt ac rjda`gk kag ht mj pa ihr`j ~aik kdhi ~hr kjt H mj thlj klj mj jijd kag

holkgkt rh kag pkii bjgjck pk m jccjd ksj hgo jcckdkjg ~ihggkg` car mj jijd kag) ht pjii ht

dijhr rzijt ac jg`h`jljg pk m ~aik kdhi ~hr kjt hgo a mjr ~hr gjrt

_mj Jijd kag Abtjrsjrt dhlj hgo pjg pk m sjr{ ik ij ar ga kl~hd ag Bjikvj‛t ojladrhd{

ojsjia~ljg a oh j‟ mj kttzjt ac àsjrghgdj ac mj jijd kag lhgh`jljg baokjt rjlhkg)

hgo mj rjdalljgoh kagt car dmhg`j mhsj kgshrkhbi{ bjjg k`garjo b{ mj gjp @asjrgljg

Bz h mj thlj klj mj Abtjrsjrt‛ Rj~ar oko ga pk mt hgo tdrz kg{ ht ojlagt rh jo

hbasj) hgo fzt ckvvijo ~hr i{ ozj a k t zg klji{ h~~jhrhgdj Mapjsjr) mjrj kt hl~ij

~aik kdhi ckrj a kl~rasj ag Bjikvj‛t ojladrh kd kgt k z kagt hgo jijd arhi ~radjttjt _mj

~rjtjg @asjrgljg jgfa{t hbtaiz j ~apjr) mhskg` ab hkgjo tz~jr,lhfark { kg mj Maztj ac

Rj~rjtjg h ksjt kg 2>>= hiag` pk m mj holkgkt rh kag ac hii jk`m lzgkdk~hik kjt kg 2>>;)

hgo ta mht mj ~aik kdhi diaz a lasj mj ojladrh kd kgt k z kagt hgo jijd arhi ~radjttjt kg

mj carphro okrjd kag -^hihdka 2>>;+




4:

_a rjk jrh j) Bjikvj mht lasjo cral hg kgoj~jgojg jijd kag lhgh`jljg bao{ a talj tar

ac àsjrgljg laoji) oj~jgokg` ag mj ^hr { kg ~apjr5 a jrrarkvh kag ac Jijd kag

Parejrt5 hgo mj ~aik kdkvh kag ac mj jijd kag lhgh jljg baokjt Jijd arhi kg j rk { kt h

~rjdagok kag car hg{ ljhgkg`czi dal~j k kag hgo ~hr kdk~h kag h mj âiit) hgo dal~j k ksj

jijd kagt hrj mj bzkiokg` biadet ac Bjikvj‛t ojladrhd{ Pmkij ~hr kthg ~aik kdt kt ga h

~mjgaljgag kg Bjikvj) ~aik kdkvkg` ojladrh kd kgt k z kagt hgo jrrarkvkg` Jijd kag Parejrt

hej mkt a k t mk`mjt ~akg ) hgo hrj hd kagt mh hrj ga dagozdksj a ojladrhd{ bzkiokg`

K kt h tik~~jr{ tia~j pmkdm gjjo ga bj rhsjrtjo b{ rjcarlkg` ojladrh kd kgt k z kagt hgo

jijd arhi t{t jlt bjcarj mj gj} jijd kag kt hggazgdjo




43

RJCJRJGDJT DK_JO

HDJ 2>>3 ’Kg jrgh kaghi Jijd kag Abtjrsh kag“ HDJ Jijd arhi Egapijo`j Gj pare Ckijt Laokckjo Tj~ jlbjr 2>>3

’Bhrrap Dhiit car ”Sjisj Rjsaiz kag‛ “ H~rki 80) 2>>: ppp 0gjpt bjikvj dal

’Bhrrap J}~jd t Bk` Drapo h ra jt “ Hz`zt 20) 2>>? ppp dmhggji:bjikvj dal

Bjikvj @hvj j Ga ?0 2>>= ^` =:3) $384 Gasjlbjr 22) 2>>=

’Bjikvj @jgjrhi Jijd kagt 0 Cjbrzhr{ 2>>=6 Rj~ar ac mj dallagpjhi m J}~jr _jhlppp mjdallagpjhi m ar`

Bkrdm) Thrhm 2>>: ’ jrdj~ kagt ac Jijd arhi Chkrgjtt hgo Sa jr _zrgaz “ ^rafjd agJijd arhi Lhi~rhd kdj kg Gjp hgo Tjlk,Ojladrhdkjt Oj~ ac @asjrgljg ) Zgksjrtk { ac Jttj}) ZE

Brhml) Jrkd 2>>? ’Jijd kag Lagk arkg`“ Bj{ago Kg rhd hbkik { Jo @z{ Bzr jtthgo Mjkok Bzr`jtt Tj~ jlbjr 2>>? Dagcikd Rjtjhrdm Dagtar kzl) Zgksjrtk { ac Daiarhoa) ZTH ppp bj{agokg rhd hbkik { ra`!jtth{!

’Dalljg t ag mj Dallagpjhi m Tjdrj hrkh J}~jr _jhl Bjikvj Jijd kag 2>>= Rj~ar “ppp bjikvj ìjttklhrjtjhrdm ar`!z~oh j Lhrdm 2>>=

’Dazr jgh{6 ^L‛t Rjhtag ga Th ktchd ar{ “ ppp dmhggji:bjikvj dal Ojd 4>) 2>>?

@aiotlk m) Hr mzr H 2>>: ’Map @aao Lzt @asjrghgdj Bj1“ ^rj~hrjo car Dagcjrjgdj) ’_mj Xzhik { ac àsjrgljg 6 Pmh k kt) Map a `j k ) Pm{ k Lh jrt Xzhik {ac àsjrgljg Kgt k z j) @ó jbar` Zgksjrtk {) Tpjojg Gasjlbjr 80 — 8;) 2>>:

@asjrgljg ac Bjikvj 2>>> _mj Rj~rjtjg h kag ac mj ja~ij Hd Dm~ ; RjsktjoSjrtkag 2>>>

@asjrgljg ac Bjikvj 2>>> _mj Bjikvj Dagt k z kag Rjsktjo Sjrtkag 2>>>




40

Mkii) ^h rkdkh 8;;> Bihde Cjlkgkt _maz`m 6 Egapijo j Dagtdkaztgjtt hgo mjâik kdt ac Jl~apjrljg Zgpkg M{lhg

KOJH 2>>3 ’Jijd arhi Lhgh`jljg Ojtk`g“ _mj Kg jrgh kaghi KOJH Mhgobaae

Ekre) Fjralj) Lhrd I Lkiijr 8;=3 Rjikhbkik { hgo Shikok { kg Xzhik h ksj RjtjhrdmTh`j ^zbikdh kagt

Lhrtmhii) Dh mjrkgj) @rj dmjg B Rattlhg 8;=; "Ojtk`gkg` Xzhik h ksj Rjtjhrdm“Th`j ^zbikdh kagt

’Lh{ar Vjghkoh La{h Ciapjrt Hgtpjrt _az`m Xzjt kagt“ Ad abjr 8;) 2>>;ppp dmhggji:bjikvj dal

Lzgtag Fr ) Mjgr{ 2>>= ’Kg jrgh kaghi Jijd kag Lagk arkg`6 H Drk kxzj Bhtjo agAgj Lagk ar‛t J}~jrkjgdj kg Laradda“ ppp ljrk~ ar`!ljr!ljr2>;!lzgtag

’Gjp Bahro Kgt hiijo h BKI“ Hz`zt 20) 2>>; ppp `zhrokhg bv

’Gjp Dmhg jt kg _jijljokh Bahro ac Okrjd art“ Cjbrzhr{ 2>88ppp Bjikvj jijljokh gj !gjpt

’Gjp Jijd kag Dallkttkag Tparg Kg“ Fzgj 80) 2>>4 ppp dmhggji:bjikvj dal

^hihdka) L{r ij 8;;4 Pma hgo Pmh g Bjikvjhg Jijd kagt 8;:? a 8;;4 Bjikvj6@ijttklh Rjtjhrdm hgo Tjrskdjt I o

,,,,, 8;;; a 2>>: Hggzhi Rj~ar 6 Jijd kagt hgo Bazgohrkjt Oj~hr ljg

,,,,, 2>>>) 2>>4 Jijd kagt Rj~ar t6 Jijd kagt hgo Bazgohrkjt Oj~hr ljg

,,,,, 2>>: ’_mj Jijd kag Lhgh`jljg Bao{6 Bjikvj‛t J}~jrkjgdj kg ât ,kgoj~jgojgdj“ ^h~jr ~rjtjg jo h Dagcjrjgdj ag Kl~raskg` mj Xzhik { ac Jijd kagLhgh`jljg t~agtarjo b{ _mj Dallagpjhi m Tjdrj hrkh H~rki

,,,,, 2>>; ’H Rjskjp ac Lzgkdk~hi Jijd kagt kg ât ,Kgoj~jgojg Bjikvj“ppp bjikvj,ìjttklhrjtjhrdm ar`!z~oh jt




4=

^jrjkrh) Izdkikh 2>>3 ’Crjj hgo Chkr6 _mj âik kdkvh kag ac Jijd kag Lagk arkg`Rj~ar t“ _mjtkt Daiij`j ac @rhozh j T zokjt hgo Rjtjhrdm) Oj~ ac âik kdt) Zgksjrtk { ac Thteh dmjphg) Thteh aag) Dhghoh

Rkjttlhg) Dh mjrkgj 8;;4 Ghrrh ksj Hghi{tkt Th`j zbikdh kagt

Rkccj) Ohgkji) T j~mjg Ihd{) Crjojrkde @ Ckda 2>>: ’Hghi{vkg` Ljokh Ljtth`jt6Ztkg` Xzhg k h ksj Dag jg Hghi{tkt kg Rjtjhrdm“ 2go jok kag

Rzttjii) Bjrghro M 8;;? Rjtjhrdm Lj maot kg Hg mra~aia`{ Xzhik h ksj hgoXzhg k h ksj Rjtjhrdm H~~rahdmjt Th`j ^zbikdh kagt

’0 Lkgkt jrt _jii Lzth a Ozl~ Rhi~m “ Hz`zt 82) 2>>? ppp dmhggji:bjikvj dal

’Thiokshr Pkgt(“ Gasjlbjr 2) 2>>4 _mj @zhrokhg

’Tjsjg Thlzrhk Rjtk`g Cral Dhbkgj “ ppp dmhggji:bjikvj dal Hz`zt 83) 2>>?

Tlk m) Oara m{ J 8;=0 Jsjr{oh{ Ht ^rabijlh kd Gar mjht jrg Zgksjrtk { ^rjttTz ag) ^hzi hgo Hg mag{ ^h{gj 8;;4 Laojrg Dhrkbbjhg âik kdt Famgt Ma~ekgtZgksjrtk { rjtt

’_mj Dallzgk {‛t Rk`m t st H Bztkgjtt Apgjr‛t Rk`m t “ Lh{ 80) 2>8>

ppp 0gjptbjikvj dal

’_mj [jhr kg Skoja “ Ojdjlbjr 4>) 2>>: ppp 0gjptbjikvj dal

’Z O ^ îhgt Dkski oktabjokjgdj a Cardj Jijd kagt “ H~rki 8;) 2>>:ppp dmhggji:bjikvj dal

Vjghkoh La{h Skd arkazt H`hkgt @AB Xzjt a Ckrj Mjr Hz`zt 23) 2>>:ppp rj~ar jrbv dal




4;

H^^JGOK] kRJTZI_T AC @JGJRHI JIJD_KAGT 8;=? , 2>>=

K jl 8;=? 8;=; 8;;4 8;;= 2>>4 2>>=Rj`kt jrjo Jijd art 3?)?00 =2)::3 ;=)408 ;?)804 823)2>2 8:3);;4$ ac Sa jt ?=)488 :;);:? 0>)?48 =?)==; 8>>)4?> 828)83=* ac Sa jt Dht 0?';4* 02'3* 08'3* ;>'8?* 0;':8* 00'8=*$ ac Sa jt Rjfjd jo 304 8)>>4 ?;; :?? 00> =30* ac Rjfjd jo Sa jt 8'4;* 8'30* >'08* >'3?* >'00* 8'02*Sa jt @hrgjrjo6

^Z^ 2>);38 2;);=3 43)>=2 :>)44> :2);4? ?;):48?4'4;* :>'>* :8'2* :;'2;* :2'0:* ?>'==*

G^ , , , , , ,, , , , , ,

KGO 284 3: ?4 402 8)23> 02>'??* >'8* >'>3* >'??* 8'23* ?2'>>*

MK^ , , , , , ,, , , , , ,

GK^ , , , , , ,, , , , , ,

DO^ &&&0>= , , , , ,8'?0* , , , , ,

ZO^ 2:)0:3 2=);>> &&4?)4>3 44)240 ?:)403 3=)2:>:4'4* ?='2* ?='0* 4;'8:* ?:'22* :3'44*

ZBHO , , , , , ,, , , , , ,

DZC , , , , , ,, , , , , ,

_^^ ,, GR^ -2>>=+ , , , , , 8>4;, , , , , >'=3*

Ô^ ,, SK^ -2>>=+ , , , 22: , =0?, , , >'20* , >'02*

GHBR ,, GBH -2>>=+ , , , 80? , :>3, , , >'2>* , >'?2*

G_RD^ , , , 0 , 2;, , , >'>8* , >'>2*

Tazrdj 6 Car 8;;= # 2>>4 , Jijd kagt hgo Bazgohrkjt Oj~hr ljg

&&&Hrhgoh‛t DO^5 &&ZO^!GHBR

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