Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Vision and Objectives
BEIS Nuclear Innovation Programme
Daniel MathersHead of Technical, Advanced Nuclear Technology
Nuclear DirectorateDepartment for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy
Climate Legislation• For Greenhouse Gases, the UK has
domestic targets that look ahead to 2050
• UK Climate Change Act - 80% cuts in greenhouse gas on 1990 levels of emissions by 2050
Energy supply objectives• Provide a secure and affordable
energy system
Energy Act 2008Climate Change Act 2008
2
http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts2008/pdf/ukpga_20080032_en.pdfhttp://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts2008/pdf/ukpga_20080027_en.pdf
Reasons for new nuclear development in the UK
The UK nuclear innovation programme has some origins in climate legislation
Our carbon budgets require increased pace of emission
reduction
3
UK has led on de-coupling growth from emissions
4
UK and G7: economic growth and emission reductions 1990-2017
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Inde
x (1
990
= 10
0)
UK GDP +72%
G7 GDP +62%(1990-2016)
G7 emissions -4%(1990-2016)
UK emissions -43%
Source: UNFCCC, World Bank, ONS, BEIS
Case study: The power sector
5
UK electricity generation mix 2016 UK generation from coal and renewables, 2010-2016
In the power sector:
Emission reductions required to meet UK 2050 carbon budget
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
RequiredReductions
Majorcontributors
Affected bycurrent policies
Affected byfuture policies
Requiresadditional policy
support
Annu
al E
miss
ions
(MtC
O2e
)
Reductions from2016
Power plants
Refineries
Solid Fuelmanufacturing
Passenger cars
Light duty vehicles
HGVs
Residentialcombustion
Refrigeration andair conditioning
Combustion(metal works)
Combustion(other)
Combustion(miscellaneous)
PowerTransport
Heating
Nuclear Innovation Programme
7
UK Government ambitions for Nuclear Energy• Industrial Strategy – Nuclear Sector Deal• Clean Growth Strategy
“Nuclear is a vital part of our energy mix, providing low-carbon power now and into the future”
Around £180 million (~€204 M) of the 2016-21 BEIS Energy Innovation Programme will be invested in nuclear innovation.
“….bring down the costs of nuclear power while maintaining safety by investing in innovation that will help plants to be built to time and budget”
Context
8
Historic decline in the UK in nuclear R&D capability and funding
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
UK
Publ
ic S
ecto
r Fis
sion
R&
D Fu
ndin
g (£
M)
UK
Nuc
lear
R&
D W
orkf
orce
UK Nuclear R&D Workforce R&D spend
Nuclear Innovation Programme
9
• Developing more robust and efficient fuels for current and future reactors, including fast reactor fuels and accident tolerant fuels.Nuclear Fuels
• Developing capability in advanced manufacturing and modular technology that will reduce the time and cost of future build projects.
Advanced Manufacturing & Materials
• Including: Modernising regulatory safety methodologies; Developing robust modelling to support assessment of novel technologies; Virtual engineering; Safety and Security Engineering; Includes research into Gen IV and modular reactors.
Advanced Reactors
• Ensuring that UK maintains its global lead in technologies that could provide for a more secure and sustainable fuel supply. Covers advanced, proliferation proof recycling suitable for Gen III-IV and fast reactors.
Recycle and Waste Management
• Ensuring that we have the tools, models, infrastructure and capability to underpin future planning on nuclear R&D. Coordination and optimisation of our portfolio of existing and future facilities.
Strategic Toolkit & Facilities
Nuclear Innovation Programme
Contract in place Future contractsplanned
NIP – Advanced Manufacturing & Materials
11Initial £5m – outputs to provide base capability for phase 2
NIP – Advanced Manufacturing & Materials
12
Phase 2Building on £5m from phase 1 focusing on moving from lab scale, concept work to demonstrations with the aim of:• By 2020 to have established a strong manufacturing & materials R&D
base to support the UK nuclear supply chain.• By 2030 provide underpinning technology support to the UK
manufacture of components for SMR and other reactor types.• By 2050 facilitate UK industry developing a position as a significant
global player in the deployment of SMRs and other advanced reactor technologies. Support BEIS in achieving its objectives: – Ensuring the UK has a secure and resilient energy system– Keeping energy bills as low as possible – Securing ambitious international action on climate change while reducing
carbon emissions cost-effectively at home
NIP – AM&M : MATTEAR
13
Material/Manufacturing Technology Evaluation for Advanced Reactors (MATTEAR) – TRL Research Route Map
NIP – AM&M : SIMPLE
14
Single Manufacturing Platform Environment (SIMPLE) vision:• Multiple processes on a single machine• Reduce component moves• Efficient datum transfer across processes• Increase automation/process security
– Increase quality– Reduce rework– Address skills shortages
NIP – AM&M : INFORM
15
Intelligent Fixture for Optimised and Radical Manufacture (INFORM)
NIP – AM&M : Other Workstreams
16
NIP Area Project Title Summary
Materials
Nano-structured Steels for Nuclear Reactors
Industrialisation development of new high value nano-structured steels (NSSs)
Improved Understanding and Modelling of Advanced Joining Techniques
Improve understanding of advanced joining methods with a view to enhancing the procedures in assessment codes such as R5 and R6.
Pre-fab Module DevelopmentFit 4 Modules Examined how modular offsite
build reduce the NNB risk associated with on-site NNB
Codes and Standard (C+S)
Codes and Standards for the design of SMRs and Gen IV Reactors
Develop a long term programme to define design and manufacture C+S for SMR and Gen IV reactor designs
NIP – Advanced Manufacturing & Materials
17
Summary• Around £180 million (~€204 M) of the 2016-21 BEIS Energy Innovation
Programme will be invested in nuclear innovation. • Advanced Manufacturing and modulisation key to potential significant
cost reductions through off-site fabrication• Can facilitate meeting the overarching cost reduction as set out in the
NSD• The development of advanced manufacturing techniques and materials
are a key component • HMG commitment to fund further £20m of innovation in this area over
the next few years• Initial £12m commitment from industry.
Advanced Reactors – Gen IV Forum
• UK is a founder member of the Generation IV International Forum
• Experience in operation of at least two of the six reactor systems GIF aims to develop.
• Participated in general activities, but did not immediately accede to the Research Framework Agreement that implements the R&D on the reactor types.
• UK is in the process of doing this, with the aim of completion in early 2019.
Gen IV Forum - Update
20
• The UK is due to deposit this week, with the OECD, the papers ratifying The Framework Agreement for International Collaboration on Research and Development of Generation IV.
• There is a 90 day period from depositing the papers until the UK has fully acceded
• BEIS and NIRO will now consider which Committees to populate, who would be best placed to do that and our overall strategy for engagement with GIF.
• UK also needs to provide a 12 month plan for how its work supports GIF.
Advanced Nuclear Fuels – Initial Phase
21
• Key
ATF Phase 1
Future PhasesNuclear data Research Phase 1
Pu Fuel P1
Reactor Physics
Future Phases
CPF (coatings) Phase 1
Mar 18 Mar 19 Mar 20 Mar 21
CPF (kernel) P1 CPF (kernel) P2
Reactor Physics Phase 2
Accident Tolerant Fuel - High Density FuelManufacturing routes for two high density fuels; uranium silicide
(U3Si2) and uranium nitride (UN). Uranium silicide is the main focus of work as it is considered closest to market. There is an opportunity to
make a step change improvement in fabrication routes through single stage conversion routes from uranium fluorides.
Accident Tolerant Fuel - CladdingDeveloping and testing ATF coated Zr alloy and SiC composite claddings
Coated Particle FuelDevelop CPF coating and compacting processes. Specification and
costing for kernel process equipment.
Plutonium based fuelsSpecification and costing of equipment for Pu fuels R&D
Nuclear DataIdentification of priority data and strategy to engage internationally
Reactor PhysicsSpecification of model/code development and initial reactor models
Lead organisation
Consortium
Long term ambition: UK supplyingthe fuel needs of its future reactorfleet
Initial Phase: £6 million
Initial Phase: £2.85 million
Nuclear Virtual Engineering Centre
Modelling and SimulationFuture Phase
Mar 18 Mar 19 Mar 20 Mar 21
Requirements capture and capability mapping
Defining pilot projects
Architecture design
Integration of capabilities
Development of radiation simulation models:CAD-integrated simulation capability
Security and Safety Assurance
Multi-physics, multi scale use cases:Through life multi-scale, multi-physics simulation of through-life
performance of reactor components. Assessment of INDE capability to perform simulation.
Lead organisation Long term ambition: Embed stateof the art digital engineering anddesign technology in the UK supplychain
Consortium
Digital Nuclear Reactor Design –Virtual Engineering Centre, Modelling
and Simulation
Initial Phase: £1.85 million
Digital Nuclear Reactor Design –Thermal Hydraulics
Future Phase
Thermal Hydraulics Model Development Phase 1
Mar 18 Mar 19 Mar 20 Mar 21
Thermal Hydraulic Facility Specification
Review of the state of the art and specification for an innovative thermal hydraulics modelling
capability
Smart models for reactor components
Single-phase active and passive flows and regimes, two-phase flow and heat transfer,
different cooling media
Review of the state of the art thermal hydraulics research facilities
Specification of a UK thermal hydraulics facility
Cross-cutting opportunities for thermal hydraulics facility
Lead organisation Deliver the infrastructure and facilities needed to support the
design of next generation reactor systems and components
Consortium
Initial Phase: £0.35 million
Nuclear Safety and Security Engineering
Mar 18 Mar 19 Mar 20 Mar 21
Safety Engineering Phase 1
Security Modelling
Safety Engineering Phase 2
Reactor Design for Security and Safeguards
C&I Safety
Future Phase
Assessment of safety and security engineering:GDA lessons learnt, IAEA and regulatory landscape, industrial capability,
academic landscape, existing fleet experience
Future capabilities assessment and gap analysis, programme development
Long term ambition: safety, security and decommissioning are key considerations at early design stage
Objective: To develop the UK’s capability to provide nuclear consultancy and through life support services
Consortium
Lead organisation
Initial Phase: £2 million
Nuclear Fuel Recycle and Waste Management
Aqueous Recycle Phase 1
Mar 18 Mar 19 Mar 20 Mar 21
Future Phase
WP1 – Separations ChemistryBasic chemistry that must be understood to develop and test
flowsheets. Focussed on the single cycle Advanced PUREX and i-SANEX process.
WP2 – Flowsheet DevelopmentExperimental testing of the flowsheet. Focussing on dissolving (U,Pu) MOX pellets from the Sellafield MOX Plant (SMP). This will be spiked
and used as the feed for the Advanced PUREX process test. Feeds, products, and key profile samples will be analysed for actinides, fission
products and nitric acid as needed to define the baseline flowsheets and underpin their performance.
WP3 – Technology and EngineeringTwo strands. Development of solvent extraction technology such as
centrifugal contactors and pulsed columns. Secondly, the development of the Sim-Plant model – this aims to assess and visualise the macro-
impacts of advanced recycling technologies.
WP4 – Forward Programme
WP5 – Knowledge Management
Lead organisation Long term ambition: retain the capability to technically and economically appraise future fuel cycle options to underpin policy decisions.
Consortium
Total Investment: £2.8 million
Nuclear Facilities and Developing a Strategic Toolkit
Strategic Assessments
Mar 18 Mar 19 Mar 20 Mar 21
Fast Reactor Knowledge Capture
Access to irradiation facilities
Nuclear data (NEA Data Bank)
Regulatory engagement
Strategic AssessmentsA high level model framework bringing together existing models and
techniques used to assess emerging technologies, fuel cycles and future energy scenarios
Fast Reactor Knowledge CaptureKnowledge capture from the Fast Reactor Consultants Group – ex-senior staff and subject matter experts from UKAEA, BNFL and NNC
Regulatory EngagementTo be delivered through NIRO and will involve regulatory assessment
and feedback on the innovation programme
Access to Irradiation FacilitiesMembership of the Halden Reactor Project (HRP) and Coordination of
UK access to international and national facilities
Nuclear Data (NEA Data Bank)NEA membership and databank
Lead organisation Objectives• To develop the tools, methods and data to inform future decisions• Early regulatory engagement in technology development programmes• To maintain UK engagement in international programmes and coordinate
open access to UK facilities
Consortium
Advanced Modular Reactors
• Higher temperatures
• Incl Fast Spectrum• Different coolants• Novel applicationsE.g. heat
Smaller Conventional
Reactors• “SMRS”• Water-cooled• On-grid
electricity
Advanced Reactor Research
Need market access assistance in current framework
Need assistance in regulatory engagement and feasibility assessment.
Refinement of approach to SMRs after studies and competitionLessons learned from 2016 SMR competition : a two pathway approach
Advanced Modular Reactor (AMR) Programme
• The AMR Programme will make up to £44 million available to advanced reactor development over the next 3 years.
• The aim of this programme is to assess the feasibility of innovative reactor projects and to accelerate development of promising designs.
• Over 20 organisation submitted proposals for Phase One of the AMR Programme. Included metal cooled FRs, MSRs and HTR proposals.
• All HTR entrants are TRISO fuelled, with He primary coolant.
• All participants have now met with BEIS officials and UK nuclear regulators to outline assessment criteria. Work on the feasibility studies is now on-going. Final reports will be submitted at the end of the year.
• Phase 2 (2019-21) is proposed a phase where grants of c.£10m may be offered to promising reactor proposals to help accelerate technology development.
UK Fusion R&D
• The UKAEA manages the UK’s fusion research programme at the CulhamCentre for Fusion Energy (CCFE), one of the world’s leading fusion research laboratories.
• UKAEA operates the world’s largest fusion experiment, the Joint European Torus (JET), on behalf of EUROfusion - which co-ordinates all members of the EU fusion programme. MAST (Mega-Amp Spherical Tokamak) is the UK’s spherical tokamak, an innovative type of fusion reactor.
• The MAST upgrade has just been completed and represents the largest investment in one scientific experiment in the UK in decades, further cementing UKAEA’s place at the forefront of world-wide fusion research.
• In December 2017, UK Government announced a further £86M of funding for UKAEA’s National Fusion Technology Platform, comprising two new facilities (H3AT and FTF) due to open in 2020
UK Fusion R&D – Impact of EU Exit
• The UK is exploring association to the Euratom Research and Training Programme and the EU’s Joint Undertaking for ITER, Fusion for Energy, as part of a Science and Innovation Accord with the EU. This will allow us to continue our mutually beneficial partnership on this transformative area of research.
• The UK wants to discuss all potential options for how collaboration on nuclear issues, including nuclear research and training, could be taken forward, including the major fusion collaborations at Joint European Torus (JET) and International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER).
• The provisions in the draft Withdrawal Agreement mean that UK entities will continue to have the right to participate in and bid for funding in current EU programmes, including Euratom Research and Training, until 2020, and to receive EU funding for the lifetime of the projects.
