=

NVVO=

SWrucWural Analysis of HisWorical ConsWrucWions – Jerzy Jasieńko (ed) © 2012 DPNH ProcławH PolandH ISSN 0860-2395H ISBN 978-83-7125-216-7

TbCeNICAi STATb ANAiYSIS ANa RbINFlRCbMbNT PRlgbCT lF ANTIQUb WllabN FillRING WITe glIST STRUCTURb Burawska fzabelaNI oóżańska AnnaOI gankowska AgnieszkaPI Beer miotr4=

= ABSTRACT =marts=of= antique=objects= andI= in=éarticularI= floorsI= get= damaged= inevitabló=as= a= result= of=a= continuous=iméact=of=environmental=factors=and=inadequate=usageK==qhe=flooring= is= a=valuable=coméonent= of=antique= interiorsK= ft= is=also=a= historical=documentI= thereforeI=the=éreservation=of=authentic=formsI=decorationsI=structuresI=materials=and=finish=becomes=a=érioritóK==qhe=wooden=flooring=structure=dating=back=to=NUOPI=located=in=a=manor=house=in=mrzewrotneI=forms=an=iméortant =éart =of =cultural =heritageI =because =it =has =éreserved =its =“original =state” =both =in =the =terms =of =design=and=structureK=qhe=historó=of= the=manor= house=did=not= include=anó=significant= refurbishmentsI=which=could=introduce=new=elements=instead=of=the=reéair=of=the=antique=onesI=if=theó=were=carried=out=without=the=éarticiéation=of=a=restoration=séecialistK=qhe= studó= contains= an= assessment= of= the= current= technical= state= of= the= flooringI= historical= and=geometrical=analósis=and=a=characteristic=of=the=damagesK=joreoverI=the=reasons=of=a=highló=advanced=degradation=of=the=elements=have=been=determinedK=An=analósis=of=the=load=caéacitó=and=of=the=elastic=curves=was=carried=out=on=the=basis=of=the=finite=element=methodK=aue=to=the=bad=technical=state=of=the=flooringI=a=reinforcement=method=of=its=structure=was=éroéosedK=qhe=measures=éroéosed=in=the=studó=reséect=the=overriding=rules=of=safetó=and=should=onló=be=carried=out=if=theó=are=indiséensableI=minimal=and=reversibleI=and=the=effectiveness=of=the=aéélied=techniques=is=éroven=xNzK==heówordsW janor house in mrzewrotneI Cultural heritageI tooden flooringI goist structureI

oeinforcement NK RbSbARCe GbNbSIS =clooring= is= an= essential= element= of= interior= fittingsI= acknowledged= bó= conteméoraró= conservational=knowledge=xOzK=fts=construction=stands=for=develoément=of=joineróI=constructional=and=building=craftsK=Antique= flooring= stores= both= artistic= and= scientific= valueK= _eing= éroduct= of= art= and= craftI= origin= is=usualló= tightló= connected= with= everódaó= lifeK= _ecause= of= thatI= while= making= a= decision= about=conservation=or=reélacement=of=the=flooringI=future=user=should=be=taken=into=accountK=cloor=should=be=mated= with= object’s= characterI= its= eleganceI= coexisting= fittingsI= taking= into= account= its= éuréose= and=comfortK==_asic= task= of= the= conservator= is= érotection= of= éhósical= integritó= of= antique= wooden= flooringI= being=historical= heritageK= Conservational= works= exceét= érotection= and= éreservation= of= the= antique= matterI=include=inhibition=of=destructive=érocessesK=_ecause=of=thatI=before=decision=of=flooring=conservationI=detailed=surveó=is=neededK=fn=case=of=reélacementI=it=is=éuréoseful=to=reconstruct=not=onló=designI=but=all= constructional= elementsI= in=accordance= to=crodl’s= comélex= and=authenticitó= theoró= for= „comélete=artistic=iméression”=xPzK===================================================N=jpcI=tarsaw=rniversitó=of=iife=pciences=–=tripI=izabela_burawska]sggwKél=O=jpcI=tarsaw=rniversitó=of=iife=pciences=–=tripI=annamariaKrozanska]gmailKcom=P=jpcI=tarsaw=rniversitó=of=iife=pciences=–=tripI==agnieszka_jankowska]sggwKél=4==mrofKI=tarsaw=rniversitó=of=iife=pciences=–=tripI=éiotrKbeer]onetKél=

=

NVVP=

mlanning=of= conservational= intervention= in= case=of= wooden= constructions= must=be=éreceded= with= some=scientific= activitiesK= marticularló= damaged= material= and= construction= should= be= analózedK= eistorical=research= gives= iméortant= information= about= condition= of= constructional= worksK= kumerical= models= and=tests=are=also=necessaróK=lbtained=scientific=data= is=usualló=veró=roughI=which=leads= to=low=érecision=of=evaluationI= and=differences=between=numerical=and=actual=éerformance=of=woodI= caused=bó=anatomical=structureK=péecial=attention=is=needed=in=diagnostics=éhase=and=evaluation=of=éroéosed=reéair=techniquesK== OK lBgbCT CeARACTbRISTICS =mrzewrotne=manor=houseI=élaced=at=southJeast=moland=is=dated=NUOP=EcigK=NAFK=eouse=became=érecious=historical=object=because=of=éreserved=éanel=flooring=of=vestibule=and=neighboring=area=on=the=left=of=building’s= front= hall= EcigK= N_F= x4JSzK= AdditionallóI= similar= flooring= is= élaced= in= the= border= areas= of=garden=hallK===

AF= =_F= =FigK N=mrzewrotne=manor=house=EAF=and=its=éanel=E_F=at=éresent=time=

=jain= element= of= the= flooring= are=éine= floor= joists= of= NTM= mm=×= ONM= mm=crossJsection= and=R4MM=mm=length= in= minor= axis= of= the= roomK= qheó= are= séaced= between= TRS=mm=and= TUU=mm=and= suééorted=bó=brickwork=éosts=OVM=×=OVM=mm=section=and=OVM=mm=height=above=ground=level=EcigK=OAFK=fn=this=mannerI=séace= ventilated= with= groundJlevel= vents= were= érovidedK= PS=mm= thick= éine= boarding= is= élaced= on= the=joistsK= ln=that= baseI= flooring= is= élacedI= which= in=described=manor= house=was=éreserved= in= the=original=stateI= in=both=art= and=constructional= termsK= auring=the= lifetime=of= manor= houseI= no=major= reéairs=were=doneI= connected= for= examéle= with= flooring= reélacementK= _asic= element= of= mrzewrotne= major= house=flooring=is=éanel=of=SOT=×=SOT=mm=dimensionsK=cramework=made=of=ashI=is=filled=with=éine=EcigK=O_FK===

AF= _F=== ==

FigK O=cloor=structure=scheme=in=mrzewrotne=EAFI=éanel=éattern=and=wood=grain=direction=E_F==clooring=in=mrzewrotne=major=house=is=made=as=a=single=laóer=with=PR=mm=frame=thickness=Eouter=laóer=NO=mmI=keó=U=mm=thick=and=NM=mm=deeéFK=crame=is=sliéJtongue=jointed=with=fillingK=qriangle=elements=are= élaced= around= crossed= striésI= sliéJtongued= into= frameK= thole= éanels= are= feathered= togetherK=pignificant=éart=of= the=tested=éanels= lacks=anó= joints= Econstructional=works= inside=and=éanels=are=onló=buttJjointed= togetherFK= goints= do= not= show= anó= traces= of= glueK= mrobabló= this= tóée= of= construction= is=caused= bó= maker’s= simélification= of= manufacturing= and= montage= érocessesI= utilizing= éossibilitó= of=fixing=éanels=directló=to=the=floor=boardsK=manels=are=fixed=to=boarding=and=boarding=to=joists=bó=handJmade=nails=xTzK=

=

NVV4=

PK ClNSbRVATIlNAi WlRKS =Conservational=works=started=with=mócological=analósis=éerformed=bó=érofK=Adam=hrajewski=in=tood=mrotection=iaboratoró=of=cacultó=of=tood=qechnologó=of=tarsaw=rniversitó=of=iife=pciencesK=qests=were=made=on=saméles=cut=out=of=framework=and=fillingI=in=aim=to=determine=wooden=elements=state=of=éreservation= EcigK= PFK= oemaining= éarts= of= the= floor= were= not= testedI= due= to= éroblems= with= saméles=acquisition=and=also=assumétionI=that=joists=and=flooring=do=not=show=significant=historical=and=artistic=valueI=and=maó=be=reélacedK=jócological= exéertise= contained= verification= of= wood= séecies= on= the= basis= of= macroscoéic= éroéerties=EANFI=determination=of=fungi=séecies=on=the=basis=of=wood=decoméosition=tóée=E_NFI=size=of=cracks=E_OF=and=mócelium=residues= E_PFI= as=well= as= insect= séecies= determinationI= based=on= the= material=conditionI=shaée=and=size=of=the=oéening=made=bó=insect= ECNFI=contents=of=feeding=élaces= ECOF=and=imagines=ECPF=xUzK=oot=fungus=occurrence=was=determined=in=the=window=area=and=éathsK=ceeding=élaces=of=insects=were=éresent=in=saméles=showing=highest=fungi=decaóK=qable=N=shows=exéertise=resultsK===

AF =_F =

FigK P=clooring=saméles=for=decaó=exéertiseI=Ash=saméle=EAFI=mine=saméle=E_F==

Table N=mrzewrotne=major=house=exéertise=results==

tood=séecies= cungi=séecies= oecognition=basis=

fnsect=séecies= oecognition=basis=

pcots=éine=Eminus=sólvestris=iKF=

AN=

aró=rot=fungus=xperéula=lacrómans=

EtulfKI=crKF=pchroetz=

_NI=_O= Common=furniture=beetle=xAnobium=éunctatum=ae=

deerz=

CNI=COI=CP=

buroéean=ash=xcraxinus=bxcelsior=

iKz=AN=

aró=rot=fungus=xperéula=iacrómans=EtulfKI=crKF=pchroetzI=strong=decoméosition=

_NI=_O= Common=furniture=beetle=xAnobium=éunctatum=ae=

deerz=

CNI=CO=

=pome= flooring= éarts= did= not= show= biological= corrosionI= so= additional= chemical= analósis= was= madeK=brgosterol=tests=in=accordance=to=modified=peitz=method=were=aéélied=xVI=NMzK=jodern=ergosterol=test=method=bases=on=chemical=analósis=of=coméonent=éresent=in=cells=of=all=fungiK==jethanol=extraction=of=NWR=EwLvF=éroéortions=was=madeI=after=that=Nj=of=hle=methanol=solution=was=added= ENWNM= EvLvFF= and=heated=bó=PM= minK= Cooled= saméle= was= extracted= twice= with= hexaneI= hexane=laóer= was= vaéorized= in= vacuumK= aró= residues= were= solved= in= methanol= and= analózed=séectroéhotometricalló=with=wave=λ=Z=OUOKS=nmK=qable=O=shows=obtained=resultsK=

=Table O=Absorbance=of=ergosterol=extracts=from=wood=coming=from=mrzewrotne=flooring==

and=control=wood=saméles==

tood= paméle= = Average= ptandard=deviation=

Analósis=of=significance=of=differences=of=ergosterol=extract=absorbance=between=tested=and=control=

materials=at=α=Z=MKMR=EcMIMR=Z=NVKMMF=

statistical=c=value= significance=

buroéean=ash=

mrzewrotne=flooring= MKTVV= MKMNU=

MKNT= JG=control= MKRRU= MKMRM=

pcots=éine=

mrzewrotne=flooring= OKM44= MKMM4=

4MNKTN= JGG=control= OKRTN= MKNMV=

G===no=difference=GG=result=should=be=regarded=as=negativeI=because=of=lower=absorbance=than=in=control=saméles=

=

NVVR=

qest=results=show=lack=of=fungi=in=control=samélesI=in=coméarison=to=test=onesK=cigure=4=shows=scheme=of=mrzewrotne=manor=house=room=with=marked=element=with=biological=corrosionK= =_ecause=of=the=factI=that=fungi=in=quantitó=determined=during=analósis=maó=be=hazardous=to=health=of=future= occuéantsI= it= is= necessaró= to= remove= them= along= with= the= cause= of= their= growthK=oecommendation= states= éreservation= of= wood= with= solvent= fungicidal= treatmentI= along= with=fireéroofing=agentK===

=

FigK Q=manel=arrangement=of=mrzewrotne=major=house=flooringI=with=marked=decaó==

_asing=on=the=material=testI=containing=densitó=and=static=bending=strength=valuesI=éreservation=state=of=the=flooring=elements=was=describedK=ft=was=concluded=that=strength=éarameters=of=the=framework=and=filling=meet=CO4=and=aPR=wood=grade=standardK=fn=aim=to=determine=stresses=in=floor=elements=and=to=describe=load=characterI=numerical=simulation=in=Autodesk=fnventor=mrofessional=environment=was=madeK=All=the=coméonents=of=wooden=flooring=were=modeled=obtain=accurate=reéresentation=of=real=elementsK=thole=geometró=of= the=coméonent=such=as=chamfersI= dowelsI= séline= joints= etcK= was= taken= into= accountK= Analósis= of= wood= in= realJsize= as=anisotroéic= material= is= éracticalló= iméossibleI= érecise= orientation= of= grains= on= a= larger= éiece= is= not=obtainable= Enatural= grain= directionI= orientation= of= minor= axes= is= alwaós= mixedFK= Aééroximation= of=wood= structure= as= isotroéic= material= was= needed= for= numerical= analósisI= because= of= software=limitationsK=tood=was=modeled=within=elastic=rangeI=and=tested=in=major=axis=of=the=beamK=auring=the=numerical=testsI=following=materials=were=aééliedW=

– CO4=éine=woodI=– aPR=ash=woodI==– masonróK=

pimulation= éarameters= of= the= materialI= selected= in= accordance= to= literature= xNNI= NOzI= were= set= as=followsW=

– densitóI=– modulus=of=elasticitóI=– moisson’s=ratioI=– élastic=limitI=– tensile=strengthK=

As =a =basic =criterionI =óield =éoint =was =selectedK =clooring =was =loaded =with =self =gravitational =load =and =oéerational=load=of=MKN=kLmmO=EcigK=RFK=ioad=was=aéélied=in=most=critical=éointsI=in=the=middle=of=the=éanel=and=on=joint=of=neighboring=éanelsK==jaximal=normal=stress=found=during=numerical=simulation=reached=MKPR=kLmmOI=maximal=disélacement=of=major=axis=equaled=MKMOR=mmK=_ecause=of=significant=deflection=of=the=flooringI=éartial=strié=was=made=in=aim=to=check=against=wear=in=construction= works= and= biological= corrosionK= martial= strié= of= the= flooring= showed= that= underside=boarding=show=surface=biological=corrosionI=eséecialló=on=the=joints=with=floor=joistK==oemaining=éart=from=the=ventilated= area= is=untouchedI= or= show= first= degree=of= decaóK=cloor= joistsI= suééorted= on= the=

=

NVVS=

brickwork=show=significant=corrosionI=eséecialló=in=the=élaces=contacting=masonróK=jajor=éart=of=the=joints=show=second=degree=of=decaóI=in=élaces=of=increased=moisture=content=even=third=degree=occursK=goists=damage=was=determined=at=first=degreeI=in=some=cases=at=second=oneK===

=

FigK R cbj=mesh=made=in=Autodesk=fnventor==mroéosed= conservational= and= reéair= activities= assume= reélacement= of= éarts= having= third= degree= of=decaóI=characterized=bó=deeé=longitudinal=and=transverse=cracksK=pimilar=action=should=be=undertaken=in=case=of=second=degree=of=damageI=caused=bó=network=of=internal=larval=galleriesI=along=with=visible=oéeningsK=fn=his=case=éartial=reélacement=of=joists=is=requiredI=with=dressed=larch=lumber=of=CPM=gradeI=seasonedI= of=NTM=×=ONM=mm=section=and=R4MM=mm=lengthK= Additional= insulation=of= tar=bard=between=brickwork=and=joists=is=also=recommendedK=goist=with=moderate=damagesI=or=éartialló=corrodedI=should=be=reinforcedK=At=first=removal=of=loose=structuresI=damaged=areas=and=wood=flour=is=neededK=tood=of=second= degree= damage= should= be= cleanedI= defungicized= and= treated= with= fungicidal= and= insecticidal=éreservativeK= oemoved= éarts= should= be= filled= with= conditioned= wood= bonded= bó= eéoxó= resinK= ft= is=necessaró=to=remarkI=that=used=glue=needs=to=be=certified=for=usage=in=antiquesK==ff=damage=takes= major=éart=of= the=crossJsection=and=filling=does=not= return= initial= load=caéacitóI= it= is=recommended=to=reinforce=construction=with=Ccom=taéeI=which=undiséutable=advantage=is=éossibilitó=of=hiding=inside=the=joist=xNPI=N4zK=puch=taée=would=be=gluedJin=into=the=beamI=between=laóers=of=woodI=and= invisible= from= the= outsideI= which= conforms= to= antiques= conservation= regulationsK= puch= methodI=because= of= high= strength= of= the= coméosite= taée= and= relativeló= small= section= areaI= seems= to= be= most=adequate=for=reinforcing=of= the=antique=beamsK=lther= reéair= techniquesI= such=as= total= reélacement=or=additional= external= suééorting= membersI= do= not= realló= allow= comélete= hiding= of= reinforcementK=AdditionallóI= suééort= with= wooden= or= masonró= éosts= maó= be= érovidedI= with= necessaró= insulation=between=the=elementsK=rnderside=boarding=with=first=degree=of=damageI=and=local=second=oneI=should=be= cleanedI= dried= and= defungicized= with= éroéer= chemicalsK= marts= showing= extensive= biological=corrosion= should= be= reélaced= with= new= conditioned= onesI= because= of= missing= artistic= and= historical=valueK=clooringI= éartialló=biologicalló=corroded= eséecialló= in= the=window=and=éathwaó=areas= requires=conservational= works= connected= with= clearing= and= defungicizingK= clooring= should= have= its= surface=leveled= and= loose= joints= fixedK= fn= aim= to= decrease= load= on= the= frameJfilling= jointI= seasoned= wooden=éages= need= to= be= usedK= cloor= noises= should= be= daméened= bó= cloth= inserts= between= flooring= and=boardingK==aetermination= and= elimination= of= damage= causes= is= essential= to= conservational= worksK= qhese= are=usualló=strictló=connected=with=iméroéer=usage=and=lack=of=technical=maintenanceK=mrolonged=moisture=exéositionI=éeriodical=soaking=bó=rainfalls=and=rise=of=underground=water=causes=damages=from=fungi=and= insectsI= éreferring= wet= environmentK= puch= condition= caused= fungi= and= insect= corrosion= in=mrzewrotne=major=house=at= the=corners=and=in=the=window=areaK=joisturized=constructional=elements=and=flooring= in=outer=corners=of=the=house=is=caused=bó=outdroééing=of=the=water= Esaturation=éointF=in=the=neighborhood=of=the=brickworkK=iack=of=éroéer=ventilation=also=leads=to=humiditó=increaseI=causing=develoément= of= harmful= microorganismsK= mrzewrotne= major= house= is= érovided= with= ventilated=areaI=releasing= excess= moistureI= but= vents= for= manó= óears= are=choked= bó= organic= matterI= such= as= leavesK=_asing=on=the=excessive=corrosion=occurring= in= the=brickworkJwood= jointsI=one=maó=conclude=about=iméroéer=or=lack=of=insulationK=aamages=in=the=window=area=testifó=about=damages=to=flashingI=causing=water=éenetration=to=interiorK==

=

NVVT=

QK SUMMARY =Antique= buildingsI= essential= from= the= historical= and= architectonical= éoint= of= viewI= should= be=indiséutabló= well= cared= ofK= All= activities= undertaken= in= aim= to= érotect= themI= should= conform= to=conservational= éractice= requirementsK= qhese= activitiesI= éroviding= basic= securitó= mattersI= should= be=indiséensableI= minimal= and= reversibleX= also= effectiveness= of= the= undertaken= actions= and= techniques=should= be= érovenK= _eginning= of= second= half= of= uuJth= centuróI= more= attention= is= éaid= to= material=authenticitó= xNRzK= ft= is= worth= to= remember= thesis= of= kational= mrogramme= of= eeritage= mrotectionI=eséecialló= „érimum= non= nocere”I= „maximal= érotection= of= original= antique= substance= and= all= its=amenities= Ematerial= and= nonJmaterialF”I= „rule= of= minimal= intervention= Erefraining= from= unnecessaró=actionsF”I= „rule= of= removal= onló= éarts= causing= damages= to= original= substance”K= oeinforcement= of=antique= construction= éroéosed= in= the= article= has= traditions= in= other= countries= of= buroéeK= Authors=encourage= molish= architects= and= contractorsI= reséonsible= for= reélacement= of= antique= flooring= for=consideration=of=such=actionsI=instead=of=siméle=diséosalJreélacement=érocedureK=

==

RbFbRbNCbS xNz= = fCljlp= EOMMNF= oecommendations for the analósisI conservation and structural restoration of

architectural heritageK xOz= qajchman= gK= ENVVSF= tartościowe= elementó= drewniane= wóstęéujące= w= zabótkach= architekturó=

wómagające=szczególnej=ochronó=érzeciwéożarowejK=lchrona przeciwpożarowa obiektów zabótkoJwóchI jateriałó honferencji ff jiędzónarodowego pómpozjumI=hraków=NTJON=u=NVVSW=RNJTMK=

xPz= = crodl= tK= ENVSSF= mojęcia i króteria wartościowania zabótków i ich oddziałówanie na praktókę konserwatorskąK=jinisterstwo=hulturó=i=pztukiI=warząd=juzeów=i=lchronó=wabótkówI=tarszawa=

x4z== awór=mrzewrotne=ENVUMF=fnwentarózacja=architektonicznoJkonserwatorskaK=aokumentacja naukoJwoJhistoróczna RPSUI=mhw=lddział=w=ozeszowieK

xRz= =awór= mrzewrotne= ENVU4F= fnwentarózacja= architektonicznoJkonserwatorskaK= aetale SM99I= mhw=lddział=w=ozeszowieK=

xSz= awór= mrzewrotne= ENVU4F= fnwentarózacja= architektonicznoJkonserwatorskaK= aokumentacja fotoJgraficzna=TMMMI=mhw=lddział=w=ozeszowieK=

xTz= =oóżańska= AKI= pwaczóna= fKI= qomusiak= AKI= horóciński= tK= EOMNNF= aesign= and= ptructure= of=aecorative= tooden= clooring= pets= in= janor= eousesK= Annals of tarsaw rniversitó of iife pciencesJpddtI corestró and tood Technologó=TRW=OSOJOSUK=

xUz== hrajewski=AKI=titomski=mK=EOMMPF=lchrona drewnaK=tarszawaI=tódawnictwo=pddtK=xVz= peitz=iKjKI=pauer=aK_K=_urroughs=oKI=johr=eKbKI=eubbard=gKaK=ENVTVF=brgosterol=as=a=measure=

of=fungal=growthK=mhótopatologó=SVW=NOMOJNOMPK=xNMz=dutarowska= _KI= Żakowska= wK= EOMMOF= blaboration= and= aéélication= of= mathematical= model= for=

estimation= of= mould= contamination= of= some= building= materials= based= on= ergosterol= content=determinationK=fnternational Biodegradation Biodeterioration=4VW=OVVJPMR=K

xNNz==hollmann= cKcKmKI= Côté= tKAK= ENVSUF= mrinciples of tood pcience and Technologó fK= péringerJserlag=_erlin=eeidelberg=kew=vorkK=

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