b÷Éì. ¶ÉÆEò®ú®É´É ¨ÉMÉ®ú, ¨ÉÉ. EÖò±ÉMÉÖ°ü, b÷Éì. ¤ÉÉ.ºÉÉ.

EòÉäEòhÉ EÞòÊ¹É Ê´ÉtÉÊ{É`ö, nùÉ{ÉÉä±ÉÒ.9422076382

Sustainable Food Sustainable Food SecuritySecurity through through

Technological Technological Interventions for Interventions for

Production, Processing Production, Processing and Logisticsand Logistics

Sustainable Food Sustainable Food SecuritySecurity through through

Technological Technological Interventions for Interventions for

Production, Processing Production, Processing and Logisticsand Logistics

Dr. S. S. Magar Ex-Vice Chancellor Dr. BSKKV, Dapoli

Food Security ConceptUnited Nations Food and Agriculture

Organisation - UNFAO

World food Conference 1974 Concepts-Food Availability-Food Entitlement

Availability refers – Supply of Food available at local – National – International Level

Entitlement refers – Capacity of individuals & households to obtaini.e. insufficient resources, capacity to buy

World Bank Definition

Access by all people

Access to enough food for an active healthy life .. i.e. Energy, about 2400 calories/day

Access at all time

Access-Food Supply availability-Food Demand entitlement

What is Food Security?

Food insecurity refers to a lack of access to enough food…

Food Insecurity – Two kinds-Cronic-Transitory

Transitory is a temporary decline in a household.

Cronic.. Continuously in adequate diet caused by the inability to acquire food.-Insufficient production, i.e. supply-Poverty – entitlement

Food Security, Globalization, Privatization and Liberalization

Present scenario in context with food securityGPL - Globalization, Privatization and LiberalizationPresent population – 122 coresFood requirement - 258 mtSelf sufficient in Food grain - Yes

However- population growth Rate - By 1.98Limited scope for horizontal expansion - Geographical Area - 329 m ha- Cultivable Area - 140 m ha- Food grain crops - 20 m ha

Natural Resources

Land - Soil - ShrinkingWater – fluctuationClimate - Changing Global warming

Additional food grain requirement to be harnessed verticallyIPNSS - Integrated Plant Nutrient SupplyFUE - Fertilizer use efficiency

Estimated Availability of Water 1951-2051(m3/year/person)

Year Availability

1951 6000

1981 2600

2010 1700

2050 1000

• Critical limit: 1000 m3/year/person

• Flood affected area: 9 Mha• Flood suffered area: 40 Mha

Comparison of Average Food Productivity in Leading Countries

Country Paddy (t ha-1)

Wheat (t ha-1)

Egypt 8.77 UK 7.09

USA 7.21 France 6.63

China 6.36 Egypt 6.34

Indonesia 4.25 China 3.83

India 2.96 Italy 2.82

India 2.74

Rice production 2011-12 – 110mt

Wheat production 2011-12 – 90mt

Fertilizer Consumption and Food Grain Production

Year

Food Grain production MT

NPK fertilizer consumption kg/ha/year

1950 50 Negligible

1970 70 30

1980 100 35

1990 150 75

2000 210 95

2010 230 97

2012 258 110

Japan - 30, China - 254, UK - 286,S. Korea - 407, Bangladesh - 150, Pakistan - 135

Annual Growth Rate in Productivity

Crops 1980-1990

1990-2000

2000-03

Rice 3.19 1.27 -0.72

Wheat 3.1 2.11 0.73

Pulses 1.6 0.96 -1.84

Oil seeds 2.7 1.25 -3.83

Total Food grains

2.7 1.52 -0.69

Total Fertilizer Consumption In India

1950-51 Hardly 2001-02 17.40 MTNitrogen 11.3MTP2O5 4.38 MTK2O 1.66MT

• Fertilizer production: 15.33 MT• Fertilizer requirement: 35 MT• Micro-nutrient availability: 1.2 Lakh T/year• Present use: 0.2 lakh T/year• Micro-organism production: 18,500 T/year• Organic resources: 873 MT

Fertilizer Consumption Disturbing Aspects

• Imbalanced use of NPK• Tilted Towards - Nitrogen followed by P2O5

• Secondary and micronutrient deficiencies

Ratio of Balanced use of Nutrients 2011-12N P2O5 K2O4 2 19 4.1 1

Different from :• Soil to soils • Climatic region to region• Cropping Pattern Ratio of N : P2O5 should be < 3.5

Balanced Fertilizer Use

Decline in productivity - even after recommended NPK due to - deficiency in secondary and micronutrients - Zn ,SDepletion of SOM - 8 %, Sals > 1.0 %

Continuous N alone applicationCharacterized by Low to medium status of other nutrients P, S and Zn deficiencies

Deterioration of Total Factor Production- associated with S and Zn deficienciesDecline in SOMOne ton compost manure – 75 kgN, 50-75 kg P2O5, 175-200 kg K2O

Agril. Policy Revolution - IMP issues .. Priorities Issues

1. Increase - productivity sustainability and efficiency in Agriculture

2. Conservation Rehabilitation reclamation and restoration of land

3. Land use planning - small farmers

4. Increasing Efficiency - fertilizer water and other energy inputs

5. Use of untapped resources

6. Export oriented

7. Conservation and utilization - Germplasm

Total Factor Productivity "TFP

It is important measure to evaluate the performance of

productive system and sustainability of its growth

pattern

Green Revolution Technology

Critical inputs - HYV of crops Hybrids, Physical, Chemical, Biological - Chemical Fertilizers

Integrated Nutrient Management, SoilOrganic Matter, Biological fertilizers

- Irrigation waterSurface Irrigation, Sprinkler Irrigation, Micro Irrigation

• Ultimate Irrigation Potential: 139 Mha• Major and Medium projects: 58 Mha• Groundwater: 80 Mha• Project efficiency: < 40%

Approaches - Sustainable Food - Security

Increasing productivity-Soil Health,-SRI-IPNM-IPM-PHT

Agril. Diversification-Cropping Pattern-Crop rotation

Soil Quality Management- Physical, Chemical, Biological

Concern with Food Security

World food Crises – 1972-74

Universal Declaration of Human Rights - 1948

Recognition for the right to food as a core element of an adequate level of living

Transitory Food Security

Famines.. Wars floods droughts, crop failures, Natural disasters earth quakes, Tsunami,- Abiotic & Biotic stress on crop

Measuring –Availability of dietary calories..Social health, Socio economic and demographic variables

Tug-of-WAR - between Organic Farming and Fertilizer use

Questions I : Did the fertilizer use promote unsustainability?

Questions II : Did agricultural sustainability become casuality in our accomplishment on our food front?

Questions III : Did we overexploit...*The chlorophyll content of green revolution?*Overstrained exhaustive soil nutrient reserve?

UN Conference on Environment and Development

Rio- Janerio, Brazil, June 1992

Agend item No. 21Action plan for poverty alleviationHarmful impact on Developments on earth Lifesupport service

Chapter - 9 - Protecting atmosphere from CO2, CH2, NO2

Chapter - 10 - Management of land with sustainability

Chapter - 11 - Deforestation control

Chapter - 12 - Desertification - Droughts

Chapter - 13 - Sustainable Mountain Development

Management of Soil Quality

Integrated –

-Biological – Population of Bacteria

- Chemical – pH, EC, Organic carbon (OC)

- Physical – Texture, Structure, Hydraulic properties,Temperature, Aeration

Soil Quality Maintenance

Soil Erosion

Soil salinization

Soil acidification

Poor aeration - water logging

Agro-chemical pollution

Deterioration of soil fertility

Soil Quality

Inherent -Soil formation -Climate -Topography -Parent material

Dynamic-Changing nature -Influenced by men-Human use - Management decision