BEHALA INSTITUTE OF ALLIED HEALTH SCIENCES

DIPLOMA IN MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY SYLLABUS: DMLT COURSE

(1ST YEAR)

PATHOLOGY

Hematology

Sl.No

Particulars

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Reception of patients, carefully observe the test advised

-Types of Specimens, processing and preservation

- Receipt of requisition forms

- Receipt of samples

- Labeling

Collection of blood & after care of patients

- Phlebotomy [ How to draw the blood ]

- Methods of collection, venous puncture,

finger puncture and vacutainer methods, materials required, procedures

- Selection of blood collection site

- Universal Precaution during blood collection

- After care of patients Anticoagulants - Common anticoagulants used in Laboratory

- composition of anticoagulants & their amount

- mechanism of action and methods of preparation of different types of

vials (Double oxalate, sodium citrate, EDTA, Heparin, Fluoride ) uses,

advantages & disadvantages, quantity required.

Different Methods of estimation of Hemoglobin

- advantages and disadvantages

- clinical significance Methods of total counts of WBC, RBC & Platelets & fluids used

- Methods [Micro dilution and bulk dilution]

- Materials required

- Preparation of diluting fluids

- precautions

- Formula for calculation and Clinical significance.

Differential leukocyte count - Drawing of peripheral blood smear & precaution

- Basic concepts of Romanowsky stains

- Preparation of Leishman stain & function

- Staining procedure & Precaution

- Identification of different leukocytes & their count

- Morphological variation of RBC’S

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16. 17.

Absolute Eosinophil count :

- Materials required, diluting fluids,

procedure, identification and counting

of cells.

Haemopoisis

- Erythropoiesis

- Leucopoiesis

- Thrombopoiesis

Study Of Life Cycle Of Blood Parasite & their Identification

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR)

- methods used

- procedure

- stages

- clinical significance

- Polycythemia

Methods of determination of PCV

- Procedure of filling the tube

- centrifuging and Reading values

- Advantages of each method (Micro & Macro)

- Normal values and clinical significance.

Estimation of Erythrocyte indices & calculation

- Importance MCV, MCH, MCHC, color index.

Reticulocyte Count

- Methods of staining

- diluting fluids

- normal Morphology and values

- clinical significance

Basic tests for coagulopathy –

Blleding Time (Duke’s method, Ivy’s Method, Finger prick Method),

Clotting Time( Capillary Tube method, Lee-White Method), P.Time,

APTT

Basic concepts of anemia

Buffy coat Preparation

Some special test – LE cell test, RBC Osmotic fragility

Clinical

Pathology

Sl.No

Particulars

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Urine Analysis

- Collection of samples

- Type of Samples

- labeling & preservatives

Examination of Urine

- Formation of urine

Physical Examination-

- Quantity, Odour, Colour, transparency, pH and Sp

gravity.

Chemical examination

- Protein, Sugar, Ketone bodies, Urobilinogen, Bile Pigment, Bile salt,

Blood.

Microscopical examination – Cells (RBC, WBC, Epithelial cells),

- casts & crystals

- Detection of microalbumin & 24 hours urine protein estimation.

EXAMINATION OF STOOL - Collection & prevention of Fecal Specimen.

- Macroscopic Examination (COLOUR, VOLUME, CONSISTENCY, PH,

OBT ETC.)

- Microscopic Examination (Wet smear & Concentration Technique)

- EPITHELIAL CELLS

- RBC, PUS CELLS

-VEGETABLE CELLS

-PARASITES

Examination of Semen

- Collection – after counseling

- Physical Examination – color, Physical character, quantity, Consistency,

pH, OBT etc

- Microscopic Examination – count, motility, morphology [normal &

abnormal]

Sputum Analysis:

- Physical Examination(COLOUR, VOLUME,CONSISTENCY,PH, OBT

ETC)

- Smear Preparation

- Examination of staining

- Leishman staining (EPITHELIAL CELLS, RBC, PUS CELLS ETC.)

- Gram staining

- Acid-Fast staining

- Microscopical Examination

Examinations of body fluids – CSF, Pleural, peritoneal & pericardial fluid.

Parasitology

PROTOZOOLOGY- Structure, Life Cycle & Lab Diagnosis Of

- ENTAMOEBA HISLOTYTICA

- GIARDIA INTESTINALIS

- LEISHMANIA DONOVANI

- MALARIA PARASITES ETC.

HEALMINTHOLOGY- Structure, Life Cycle & Lab Diagnosis Of

- ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES

- ENTEROBIUS VERMICULARIS

- ANCYLOSTOMA DUODENALE

- NECATOR AMERICANUS

- TAENIA SAGINATA

- TAENIA SOLLIUM

- WUCHERARIA BRANCROFTI ETC

Microbiology

Bacteriology

Sl.No

Particulars

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Microscopy

- Principle, working and maintenance of

Compound Microscope

Sterilization and disinfection

- Classification and methods of sterilization

- By Dry Heat

- By Moist Heat

- Filtration

- Ionizing

- Cleaning, drying & Sterilization of Glassware,

disposal of contaminated material i.e. Clinical

infective material and inoculated culture media.

Handling and disposal of Biomedical waste

The microbial world and the structure of microbes

- Morphology and classification of Bacteria

( Cocci- Diplococci, Staphylococci etc.

Bacilli- CORNEBACTERIA, VIBRIO, SPIROCHETES,

MYCOBACTERIUM, CLOSTRIDIA, ENTEROBACTERIACEAE.

FUNGI )

- Structure of Bacterial Cell, Capsule, Flagella, Spore etc.

- Anaerobic methods of cultivation of Bacteria

Growth requirements of Bacteria

Methods of Collection of Clinical Specimen

for Microbiological investigations [ in detail]

like :

- Sputum – Pettroff’s method of concentration,

- urine

- swabs

- stool

- blood

- CSF

Microbiology

Sl.No

Particulars

6.

7.

8.

9.

Processing of clinical specimen collected for

Isolation and identification of organism.

- Preparation of direct smear and staining

- Different Techniques of inoculation for isolation of bacteria.

- Hanging drop preparation and its use.

- Preparation and Inoculation of various

media for Bio-Chemical reactions.

Methods of inoculation of culture media from different

samples.

- Urine

- Stool

- sputum

- Swab

- Blood

Culture Media – Classification of Media,

Composition, preparation, Uses and Interpretation.

- Basal Media- Peptone Water, Nutrient Agar, glucose broth.

- Enriched Media-Blood agar, Loeffler’s serum slope, chocolate agar.

- Enrichment Media – Selenite F broth, Alkaline peptone water.

- Differential Media- Mac Conkey’s Agar, Eosin-Methylene blue agar

- Indicator & selective media –Lowenstein-Jenson (LJ) Media, TCBS,

Deoxycholate citrate agar media (DCA), Mannitol Salt Agar, XLD,

Thayer-Martin medium, Cetrimide agar

- Media for Blood culture – Brain heart infusion broth, Typticase soya

broth

- Anaerobic media – Robertson’s Cooked Meat Media, Thioglycolate

media

- Media for Biochemical reactions –

Indole, MR,VP, Citrate,Urease, Oxidase, Catalase test, TSI, Nitrate

reduction test, H2S production test, Phenyl Alanine test(PPA), gelatin

liquefaction test.

- Fungal media – Sabouraud’s dextrose Agar

- Transport Media - Amies Transport media, Carry-Blair transport media

- Mueller Hinton Agar ( Antimicrobial susceptibility testing )

Methods of colony count & morphological identification of bacteria

by

- Morphology

- colony characters

- staining

- motility tests

10.

11.

12.

Composition and preparation of staining

reagents and different methods of staining

- Gram’s staining

- Giemsa’s Staining

- Zeihl Neelson Staining.

- Albert Staining

- Negative Staining.

Identification of bacteria

- Gram (+)ve Cocci

- Gram (-)ve Cocci

- Gram (+)ve Bacilli

- Gram (-)ve Bacilli

- Acid-fast Bacilli

- Vibrios

Final identification of bacteria

-Antibiotic sensitivity tests

BIOCHEMISTRY

Sl.No

Particulars

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

Introduction

Laboratory hazards, Laboratory safety procedures, Laboratory waste

disposal.

Collection of specimens 1. Blood – Phlebotomy [ How to draw the blood and precautions]

- Types of Specimens, Use of selective Anticoagulants, processing and

preservation

2. Urine:

- Types of Specimens, Collection of 24 hours urine and preservation

– Preservatives

Concept of solute, solvent - Normal solution, Molar solution, molal solution,osmolar solution,

standard solution (Primary & Secondary), Unit of Measurements.

Acid, Base, Buffer

(Definition, example, pK, pH, Handerson-Hasselbach’s equation )

Principles of Photometry (Lambert-Beer’s Law, Colorimetry)

Chemistry of Carbohydrates

- Definition, Biological importance, classification, qualitative tests

Chemistry of Lipids

- Definition, Biological importance, Classification and clinical importance

Chemistry of Amino Acids and Proteins

- Definition, Biological importance, Classification, Qualitative tests

Blood deproteinization

Laboratory Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus

- Diabetes Mellitus

- Screening tests- Urine sugar, FBS, PPBS, RBS, GTT

- Glyco-Haemoglobin

Diagnostic Tests:

Blood Sugar [ Folin- WU Method]

Blood Sugar- [GOD – POD Method]

Glucose tolerance Test [GTT]

Blood urea [ DAM, Enzymatic Method]

Serum Uric Acid

Serum Creatinine [Jaffe’s method/Alkaline picrate method]

Liver Function test

- Basic concepts of Jaundice

Lipids

- T.CHOLESTEROL

- HDL CHOLESTEROL

- S.TRIGLYCERIDES

URINE ANALYSIS - Collection of Specimen & Preservation

- Physical Examination

- Chemical Examination

BEHALA INSTITUTE OF ALLIED HEALTH SCIENCES DIPLOMA IN MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY

2nd year

Pathology

Histopathology

&

Cytopathology

Sl.No

Particulars

1.

2.

3.

4.

Receiving of biopsy specimens at laboratory (Clinical

notes/fixatives)

- Biopsy & tissue specimens –

Example: Thyroid, GIT, breast, soft tissue, bone etc.

- Fixation of tissue-different fixatives and their mode of action.

- Methods of decalcification & end point detection.

Processing of tissues-protocol for manual & automated tissue

processors

- Fixatives

- Processing

- Dehydration

- clearing

- Impregnation

- paraffin embedding and block making

- Trimming of blocks.

- Tissue cutting (Microtome)

[ Types of Microtomes, Use of Microtomes

- Sharpening of Knives – Honing & Stropping

- Advantages and dis-advantages of frozen section cutting

- Technique of section cutting ]

- Staining of the sections.

- Mounting & Mounting Media, cover slips, labeling.

Staining of tissue sections-

- preparation of different stains & staining methods for Haematoxylin &

Eosin, Reticulin, PAS, Van-Gieson, Massion’s trichrome & Perl’s stain.

Cytology

- FNAC

- Exfoliative cytology

- Preparation of cytosmear and H&E, Papanicolaou & MGG staining of

different body fluids.

Blood Banking

Sl.No

Particulars

1.

2.

Blood Group (ABO & Rh)

- methods of grouping & reverse grouping.

Basic blood banking procedures - Donor selection

- Collection of blood

- Anticoagulants used

- cross matching

- Direct & Indirect Coomb’s Test

- Preparation of different blood components for use and how to serve a

requisition.

- Detect the time when to discard blood in Blood Bank

- Blood Transfusion & Transfusion Complications

Microbiology

Immunology &

Serology

Sl.No

Particulars

Antigen & Antibody

- Different types of Antigen-Antibody reactions

- Principle and method of ELISA Test

- Principles and demonstration and

interpretation of results of - Widal Test, VDRL Test, ASO Titre, RPR,

Rheumatoid factor, C-reactive protein, Hypersensitivity test, Pregnancy

test( BCG & Gravindex method), Khan test, HbsAg test

- MANTROUX TEST (Purified Tuberculin Method)

Mycology

Morphology, cultural characteristics and lab

diagnosis of :

- Candida, Dermatophytes, Penicillum.

Virology Lab diagnosis of

- Polio, Hepatitis, Rabies, HIV and Dengue

Bacteriology Basic concept of individual Bacteria.

- Laboratory diagnosis of pyogenic infection.

- Laboratory diagnosis of Leprosy. - Laboratory diagnosis of Tuberculosis.

- Laboratory diagnosis of Sore Throat - Laboratory diagnosis of ARI

- Laboratory diagnosis of Enteric fever. - Laboratory diagnosis of Diarrhoeal diseases.

- Laboratory diagnosis of Urinary tract infection - Laboratory diagnosis of Meningitis

Biochemistry

BIOCHEMISTRY

Sl.No

Particulars

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Basic concept of analyzer

- Semi autoanalyzer Programming

- Kinetic method, End Point, Fix time And Differential method

- ELISA

Diagnostic Tests

- Serum calcium

- Liver Function Test

- Lipid profile test

- Kidney Function test

(Serum creatinine, urea, sodium, potassium, urinary micro

albumin and 24 hours protein estimation in urine,GFR)

Enzymes

- Amylase

- SGOT

- SGPT

- LDH

- Creatine Kinase

Serum Electrolytes

Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, Lithium

Serum calcium

Thyroid Function Tests

- (T3,T4,TSH, Free T3, Free T4)

Basic concept of quality control in clinical biochemistry

laboratory.

- Control material, Leavy Jennings Plot

Lab

instruments

Sl.No

Particulars

1.

2.

Different Glass Apparatus And Their Uses, Cleaning And

Disinfection

Types of Clinical laboratory instrumentation (Basic

Principle & uses)

- Balance - Water bath - Hot-air oven

- Incubator - Autoclave

- Microscope - Centrifuge - Colorimeter

Practical

Hematology & Blood banking

Sl.No

Particulars

1.Collection of blood

- Receipt of requisition forms

- Receipt of samples

- Labeling

2. Universal precautions

3. Total count of blood cells (i.e RBC, WBC & Platelet count)

4. Preparation of Blood smears and staining

4. Differential count of Leukocytes & RBC morphology

5. Estimation of ESR by Westergren & Wintrobe method

6. PCV – estimation & calculation of Red cell indices

7. Haemoglobin estimation by different methods.

8. Bleeding time, clotting time, P.Time, APTT

9. Recognition of blood parasites

10. ABO Grouping & Rh Typing

11. Coomb’s test

12. Reverse blood grouping

Clinical Pathology

1. Examination Urine

a) Physical Examination

b)Chemical Examination

c)Microscopical Examination

2. EXAMINATION OF STOOL.

a) MACROSCOPIC EXAMINATION.

b) MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION.

c) SEDIMENTATION METHOD AND SALT FLOATATION

METHOD

Microbiology

Sl.No

Particulars

1. RECORD KEEPING , COLLECTION OF SAMPLE.

2. OPERATION OF AUTOCLAVE,WATERBATH,

INCUBATOR

3. SMEAR PREPARATION AND STAINING OF SMEAR BY

GRAMS STAIN & Z-N STAIN.

4. PREPARATION OF MEDIA AND CULTURE OF THE

MATERIALS IN SUITABLE MEDIA.

5. SMEAR PRAPARATION FROM THE GROWTH

6. BIO CHEMICAL TESTS & IDENTIFICATION OF

BACTERIA

7. ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY TEST

Biochemistry

1. Collection of blood, Separation of Serum And Plasma,

Precipitation of Protein Of Blood..

2. Sugar Estimation by Folin- Wu Method.

3. Sugar Estimation by GOD-POD Method

4. Serum Urea Estimation By D.A.M & Berthelot Method

5. Estimation Of Creatinine

6. Estimation of Lipid Profile.

7. Serum Protein Estimation By Biuret Method.

8. Estimation Of LFT

9. Estimation Of Amylase

10. Estimation Of Calcium

11. ELISA (T3, T4, TSH)

Serology

PRACTICAL:

1. WIDAL Test.

2. V.D.R.L Test.

3. ASO Test.

4. RPR Test

5. CRP Test

6. Mantoux test ( Screening test )