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Beginning of Life 4-H School Enrichment Project. About the Project. Science Based, Hands-on Helps teach SOL’s Extension provides educational resources for the project Leaders Manual Suggested Activities Youth Activity sheets WWW Sites. http://ulisse.cas.psu.edu/4hembryo/index.html. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Beginning of LifeBeginning of Life4-H School Enrichment Project4-H School Enrichment Project
About the ProjectAbout the Project Science Based, Hands-onScience Based, Hands-on Helps teach SOL’sHelps teach SOL’s Extension provides educational Extension provides educational
resources for the projectresources for the project– Leaders ManualLeaders Manual– Suggested ActivitiesSuggested Activities– Youth Activity sheetsYouth Activity sheets– WWW SitesWWW Sites
http://ulisse.cas.psu.edu/4hembryo/http://ulisse.cas.psu.edu/4hembryo/index.htmlindex.html
What You Need to Know to What You Need to Know to Have a Successful ProjectHave a Successful Project
Planning and Scheduling Planning and Scheduling ChecklistChecklist
The ChickenThe Chicken The EggThe Egg The Reproductive System and The Reproductive System and
FertilizationFertilization IncubationIncubation Trouble ShootingTrouble Shooting Embryo DevelopmentEmbryo Development Answers to Commonly Asked Answers to Commonly Asked
Embryology Questions Embryology Questions
http://ulisse.cas.psu.edu/http://ulisse.cas.psu.edu/4hembryo/index.html4hembryo/index.html
Links to other embryology Links to other embryology sitessites
jpeg images of embryos, jpeg images of embryos, hatching, shell window, etc.hatching, shell window, etc.
Project ExpectationsProject Expectations Chicks never go Chicks never go
home with home with studentsstudents
Find home for Find home for chicks before chicks before Starting Project.Starting Project.
This is not just a This is not just a chick hatching chick hatching projectproject
Actively involve Actively involve youthyouth
Candle Eggs Candle Eggs regularlyregularly
Keep Records Help youth
observe embryonic development
How do I SuccessfullyHow do I Successfully Hatch Eggs? Hatch Eggs?
Proper Preparation Proper Preparation and Planningand Planning
Quality Fertile Quality Fertile EggsEggs
Student Buy InStudent Buy In Good Incubation Good Incubation
ManagementManagement PatiencePatience
Preparation and PlanningPreparation and Planning
Choosing a workable time frameChoosing a workable time frame– 25 day time period25 day time period– Avoid holidaysAvoid holidays– Weekend egg turning?Weekend egg turning?– Wednesdays usually a good day to start Wednesdays usually a good day to start
eggseggs
Preparation and PlanningPreparation and Planning
Order and secure fertile eggsOrder and secure fertile eggs
Quality Fertile EggsQuality Fertile Eggs Proven SourceProven Source Proper Collection and Proper Collection and
StorageStorage– 50-65 Degrees F.50-65 Degrees F.– 70% Humidity70% Humidity– 7 days Maximum7 days Maximum– >35>35oo and <82 and <82o o criticalcritical
Other FactorsOther Factors– Nutrition, age of birdsNutrition, age of birds
Chicken Eggs are bestChicken Eggs are best
Preparation and PlanningPreparation and Planning Secure incubator in advanceSecure incubator in advance Clean incubatorClean incubator
– Avoid strong contaminantsAvoid strong contaminants– 25% bleach solution25% bleach solution
Setup and test incubator a week Setup and test incubator a week before project to beginbefore project to begin– Use 2 thermometers?Use 2 thermometers?
Incubator location?Incubator location?– Avoid drafts, direct sunlight, heat & AC Avoid drafts, direct sunlight, heat & AC
outlets outlets
Preparation and PlanningPreparation and Planning
Inform coworkers and custodial Inform coworkers and custodial staffstaff
Power outages?Power outages? Lower school temps on Lower school temps on
weekends?weekends? TamperingTampering
Preparation and PlanningPreparation and Planning
What happens to the chicks?What happens to the chicks?– Do not distribute them to students!Do not distribute them to students!– Illegal to send < 6 chicks homeIllegal to send < 6 chicks home
Will you keep the chicks a couple Will you keep the chicks a couple of days to discuss the brooding of days to discuss the brooding process?process?
Chicken and Egg BasicsChicken and Egg Basics
Hen AnatomyHen Anatomy
Function of Function of Embryonic MembranesEmbryonic Membranes Yolk SacYolk Sac
– FoodFood AmnionAmnion
– ProtectionProtection– ExerciseExercise
Chorion / AllantoisChorion / Allantois– RespirationRespiration– WasteWaste– Minerals from shellMinerals from shell
Start Up DayStart Up Day Have the incubator ready to goHave the incubator ready to go The eggs arriveThe eggs arrive
– Store eggs small end downStore eggs small end down– Allow a couple of hours for eggs to Allow a couple of hours for eggs to
come to room temperaturecome to room temperature– Wash excessively dirty eggs with Wash excessively dirty eggs with
warm waterwarm water– Candle eggsCandle eggs
Candling eggs prior to incubation
Good qualityGood qualityhatching egghatching egg
Poor qualityPoor qualitylarge air cell large air cell
dark yolkdark yolk
CrackedCracked
Two YolksTwo Yolks
Start Up DayStart Up Day Have the incubator ready to goHave the incubator ready to go The eggs arriveThe eggs arrive
– Store eggs small end downStore eggs small end down– Allow a couple of hours for eggs to come to Allow a couple of hours for eggs to come to
room temperatureroom temperature– Wash excessively dirty eggs with warm Wash excessively dirty eggs with warm
waterwater– Candle eggsCandle eggs– Put a number on large end of each eggPut a number on large end of each egg– Put “X” and “O” on each eggPut “X” and “O” on each egg
The Importance of Egg The Importance of Egg TurningTurning
Mark eggs with “X” and “O” Mark eggs with “X” and “O” on opposite side of eggson opposite side of eggs
Turning prevents embryo Turning prevents embryo sticking to shell membranesticking to shell membrane
During school days turn eggs 3 During school days turn eggs 3 time per daytime per day
Turn once per day on Turn once per day on weekendsweekends
Stop turning on day 19Stop turning on day 19
Incubation Incubation ManagementManagement
TemperatureTemperature– 99.5 - 100.5 forced Air99.5 - 100.5 forced Air– 100.5 - 101.5 Still Air100.5 - 101.5 Still Air
HumidityHumidity– 60% 60%
Maintaining HumidityMaintaining Humidity Use of water pans - lots of Use of water pans - lots of
optionsoptions Importance for chick healthImportance for chick health
– Prevent sticking to shellPrevent sticking to shell– Keeps amnion fluidKeeps amnion fluid– Provides for free embryo exerciseProvides for free embryo exercise– Prevent crippled chicksPrevent crippled chicks
Incubation Incubation ManagementManagement
TemperatureTemperature– 99.5 - 100.5 forced Air99.5 - 100.5 forced Air– 100.5 - 101.5 Still Air100.5 - 101.5 Still Air
HumidityHumidity– 60% 60%
TurningTurning– 3 times daily3 times daily– Once daily on weekendsOnce daily on weekends
CandlingCandling RecordsRecords
Fertile vs. Not fertileFertile vs. Not fertile