Beginning ofAmerican Nationalism

1816 - 1824

Causes of American Nationalism• “victory” in the War of 1812• New territories added to America• New generation of post-Revolutionary War

Americans

Causes of the Growth of Nationalism

The “victory” over the British in the War of 1812New territories added to the USExpanding EconomyA new generation of Americans

President James Monroe and the Era of Good Feelings

• Diplomat• Negotiator of

Louisiana Purchase• Secretary of State

(1808 – 1816)• Last veteran of the

Revolution to be President

The American System• Proposed by Henry Clay• System of higher tariffs

to create infrastructure for the West

Supported by the Northeast because of protective tariffs

supported by Westerners because of road and bridge construction

Southerners mixed, soon to oppose most tariffs

The American System• Vetoed by Madison and Monroe; why?

• Put in over the years by Congress parts at a time

influence of the West

The Panic of 1819

Panic of 1819Land SpeculationGrowth of “wildcat banks”Land prices riseOverinvestment in western landPrices collapseBUS shuts down banks in the WestThousands go bankruptDepression 1819 - 1825

The Missouri Compromise• First major crisis over

slavery• Compromise by Clay• Admission of Missouri

would give “slave” states advantage in the Senate

• Missouri admitted• Slavery banned north

of 36’30 latitude• State of Maine created

to maintain balance

The Missouri Compromise

The Marshall Court• “loose” interpretation

of Constitution

• Use of strong, federal power

• Sets precedents that establish supremacy of national government

The Marshall CourtMajor Cases

McCulloch v. Maryland – established supremacy of the national government over the states; “the power to tax is the power to destroy”

Dartmouth College v. Woodward – protects contracts from state actions

Cohens v. Virginia – applies judicial review to State legislatures

Gibbons v. Ogden – power to control interstate commerce resides only with national government

The Acquisition of FloridaFlorida becomes lawless territory

Jackson sent to patrol the border; enters Spanish territory illegally

The Acquisition of Florida

Jackson vs. the Seminoles

Executes chief, British mercenariesWar with Spain possible

The Acquisition of FloridaTreaty negotiated with

Spain by John Quincy Adams

US acquires Florida; gives up claims to disputed territory in Louisiana

War averted; Jackson a national hero

The Monroe Doctrine• Designed to prevent foreign

involvement in weakened Spanish western hemisphere

• Written and negotiated by Adams

• States that this hemisphere is off-limits to foreign intrusions

• Supported by Britain (why?)