Grant Allen

Beginning DB2From Novice to Professional

Beginning DB2: From Novice to Professional

Copyright © 2008 by Grant Allen

All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrievalsystem, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner and the publisher.

ISBN-13: 978-1-59059-942-6

ISBN-10: 1-59059-942-X

ISBN-13 (electronic): 978-1-4302-0548-7

ISBN-10 (electronic): 1-4302-0548-2

Printed and bound in the United States of America 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Trademarked names may appear in this book. Rather than use a trademark symbol with every occurrenceof a trademarked name, we use the names only in an editorial fashion and to the benefit of the trademarkowner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark.

Lead Editor: Jonathan GennickTechnical Reviewer: Fred SobotkaEditorial Board: Clay Andres, Steve Anglin, Ewan Buckingham, Tony Campbell, Gary Cornell, Jonathan

Gennick, Matthew Moodie, Joseph Ottinger, Jeffrey Pepper, Frank Pohlmann, Ben Renow-Clarke,Dominic Shakeshaft, Matt Wade, Tom Welsh

Project Manager: Kylie JohnstonCopy Editor: Nancy Sixsmith, ConText Editorial Services, Inc.Associate Production Director: Kari Brooks-CoponyProduction Editor: Kelly WinquistCompositor: Diana Van WinkleProofreader: Linda SeifertIndexer: Becky HornyakArtist: Diana Van WinkleCover Designer: Kurt KramesManufacturing Director: Tom Debolski

Distributed to the book trade worldwide by Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., 233 Spring Street, 6th Floor,New York, NY 10013. Phone 1-800-SPRINGER, fax 201-348-4505, e-mail orders-ny@springer-sbm.com, orvisit http://www.springeronline.com.

For information on translations, please contact Apress directly at 2855 Telegraph Avenue, Suite 600, Berkeley, CA 94705. Phone 510-549-5930, fax 510-549-5939, e-mail info@apress.com, or visithttp://www.apress.com.

Apress and friends of ED books may be purchased in bulk for academic, corporate, or promotional use.eBook versions and licenses are also available for most titles. For more information, reference our SpecialBulk Sales—eBook Licensing web page at http://www.apress.com/info/bulksales.

The information in this book is distributed on an “as is” basis, without warranty. Although every precautionhas been taken in the preparation of this work, neither the author(s) nor Apress shall have any liability to anyperson or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly bythe information contained in this work.

The source code for this book is available to readers at http://www.apress.com.

For Lindsay, who laughed at all the right times.

iv

Contents at a Glance

About the Author . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix

About the Technical Reviewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxi

Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxiii

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxv

PART 1 ■ ■ ■ Getting Started ■CHAPTER 1 What Is DB2 and Where Can I Get It? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

■CHAPTER 2 Installing DB2 for Linux and Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

PART 2 ■ ■ ■ Beginning Administration with DB2 Express Edition

■CHAPTER 3 DB2 Wizards: The Fast Path to Working with Your New Database . . . 39

■CHAPTER 4 Controlling Your Environment with DB2 Control Center and Command-Line Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

PART 3 ■ ■ ■ Database Fundamentals with DB2 Express Edition

■CHAPTER 5 IBM Data Studio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

■CHAPTER 6 SQL for DB2: Part 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

■CHAPTER 7 SQL for DB2: Part 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

■CHAPTER 8 Developing Functions and Stored Procedures in DB2 . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

■CHAPTER 9 Controlling Access to DB2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

■CHAPTER 10 Securing Data in DB2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

■CHAPTER 11 Using XML with DB2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

■CHAPTER 12 Indexes, Sequences, and Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215

v

PART 4 ■ ■ ■ Programming with DB2 Express Edition

■CHAPTER 13 PHP with DB2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241

■CHAPTER 14 DB2 on Rails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263

■CHAPTER 15 DB2 Development with Microsoft Visual Studio.NET . . . . . . . . . . . 279

■CHAPTER 16 Developing Java Applications with DB2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301

■CHAPTER 17 Exploring More DB2 Development Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323

PART 5 ■ ■ ■ Ongoing Database Administration with DB2

■CHAPTER 18 Database Creation and Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337

■CHAPTER 19 DB2 Backup and Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359

■CHAPTER 20 Sharing Your DB2 Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385

■CHAPTER 21 Moving Data in Bulk with DB2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407

■CHAPTER 22 Working with Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427

■CHAPTER 23 Moving Up to More Advanced DB2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441

■CHAPTER 24 Monitoring and Tuning DB2 Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459

■INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491

Contents

About the Author . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix

About the Technical Reviewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxi

Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxiii

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxv

PART 1 ■ ■ ■ Getting Started ■CHAPTER 1 What Is DB2 and Where Can I Get It? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Who Should Read This Book? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Why Choose DB2? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

DB2 Has History on Its Side . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

DB2 Is at the Forefront of Database Technology Today . . . . . . . . . . . 4

DB2 Will Be Even Bigger in the Future . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Choosing the Right DB2 Edition For You . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Obtaining DB2: A World of Choice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

■CHAPTER 2 Installing DB2 for Linux and Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Installing on Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Installing on Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Unpacking Installation Downloads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Using the DB2 9 Discovery Kit DVD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Checking Preinstallation Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Users and Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Other Configuration Prerequisites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Proceeding with the Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Graphical Installation Under Windows and Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Command-Line Installation Under Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Uninstalling DB2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Reviewing Your DB2 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 vii

PART 2 ■ ■ ■ Beginning Administration with DB2 Express Edition

■CHAPTER 3 DB2 Wizards: The Fast Path to Working with Your New Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

DB2 First Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Launching DB2 First Steps Under Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Launching DB2 First Steps Under Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Working with DB2 First Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Creating the SAMPLE Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

The DB2 Control Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Starting the DB2 Control Center from First Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Starting the DB2 Control Center in Other Ways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Selecting Your Preferred DB2 Control Center View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Browsing the DB2 Control Center Object Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Invoking the Create Table Control Center Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Using the DB2 Command Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Command-Line Control of Your DB2 Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Powering Up the Command Line Processor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Learning About the Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Connecting and Disconnecting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

■CHAPTER 4 Controlling Your Environment with DB2 Control Center and Command-Line Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Getting Started as the Right User . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Starting and Stopping DB2 Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

From the Control Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

From the Command Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Server Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

DB2 Instances and the DAS Instance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

The DB2 Governor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

The DB2 License Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

The DB2 Management Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

The DB2 Remote Command Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

The DB2 Security Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

The DB2 Fault Monitor Coordinator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

■CONTENTSviii

Configuring and Changing Your DB2 Instances and Databases . . . . . . . . 73

Two Different Levels of Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Configuring Your DB2 Instances from the Control Center . . . . . . . . 75

Configuring a DB2 Database from the Control Center . . . . . . . . . . . 78

Configuring and Changing Your DB2 Instances from the CLP . . . . . 79

Configuring and Changing a DB2 Database from the CLP . . . . . . . 81

More GUI Tools to Help You Manage DB2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

More Tools Available from the Command Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

The Version Information Utility: DB2LEVEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

The DB2 Registry Utility: DB2SET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

The Instance Listing Utilities: DB2ILIST and DASLIST . . . . . . . . . . . 83

The DB2 Problem Determination Tool: DB2PD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

PART 3 ■ ■ ■ Database Fundamentals with DB2 Express Edition

■CHAPTER 5 IBM Data Studio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

Sourcing the Data Studio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

Installation Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

Multiple Installers for Data Studio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

The Power of Eclipse-Based IDE Installations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

Running Data Studio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

Starting a New Data Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

New Project Connection Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

Adding Objects to Your Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

New SQL Statement Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

New Stored Procedure Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

■CHAPTER 6 SQL for DB2: Part 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

Manipulating Data with SQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

Using Select Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

Using Insert Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

Using Update Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

Using Delete Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

■CONTENTS ix

■CHAPTER 7 SQL for DB2: Part 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

Creating and Managing DB2 Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

Data Types in DB2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

Your First Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

Naming DB2 Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

Specifying Column Details and Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

Working with Null Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

Primary Key Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

Referential Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

Check Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

Disabling Constraints and Constraint Deferral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

Automatic Value Generation for Columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

Specifying Table Storage Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

Other Table Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

Other Techniques for Table Creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

■CHAPTER 8 Developing Functions and Stored Procedures in DB2 . . . . . 143

DB2 Stored Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

Creating Stored Procedures in DB2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

Dropping Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

Managing Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

Further Reading on DB2 Stored Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

User-Defined Functions in DB2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

Types of User-Defined Functions in DB2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

Creating User-Defined Functions in DB2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

Calling User-Defined Functions in DB2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

Managing and Deleting User-Defined Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

■CHAPTER 9 Controlling Access to DB2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

DB2 Building Blocks for Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164

Configuring Where and When DB2 Authenticates Users . . . . . . . . 164

Choosing Your Authentication Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

DB2 Instance-Level Privileged Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

■CONTENTSx

Changing Your DB2 Authentication Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169

Using Control Center to Manage Authentication Parameters . . . . 170

Using DB2 CLP to Manage Authentication Parameters . . . . . . . . . 172

Group Authentication Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

Configuring DB2 to Use Local or Global Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

64 Groups Limitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

Support for Windows AD Domain Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

Security Context of the DB2 Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175

■CHAPTER 10 Securing Data in DB2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

Managing Authorities and Privileges in DB2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

Preparing to Use Authorities and Privileges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

Database-Level Authorities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

Group Behavior in DB2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182

Roles in DB2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184

Managing Object Privileges in DB2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185

Working with Privileges on DB2 Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185

Granting Object Privileges to Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

Label-Based Access Control in DB2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190

LBAC in Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

■CHAPTER 11 Using XML with DB2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

Exploring XML in the Sample Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

Querying Your XML Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198

Using XQuery for XML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

Using XPath Queries for XML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

More pureXML Features for Querying Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207

Changing XML Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

Inserting XML Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

XML Schema Registration in DB2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210

Updating XML Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212

Deleting XML Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214

■CONTENTS xi

■CHAPTER 12 Indexes, Sequences, and Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215

Working with Indexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215

Creating Indexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215

Enforcing Unique Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217

The Important Case of Foreign Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218

Understanding Other Index Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219

Using Design Advisor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221

Index Wrap Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227

Working with Sequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

Creating Sequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

Altering Sequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230

Using Sequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231

Sequence Wrap Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233

Working with Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233

Defining Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233

Further View Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235

View Wrap Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237

PART 4 ■ ■ ■ Programming with DB2 Express Edition

■CHAPTER 13 PHP with DB2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241

PHP and Zend Core for DB2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241

Starting an Install of Zend Core . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242

Continuing the Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244

Post-Installation Checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247

Developing with the IBM_DB2 PHP Extensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248

Connecting to a Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248

Managing IBM_DB2 PHP Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252

Working with Ad Hoc SQL Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252

Working with Prepared Statements and Stored Procedures . . . . . 255

Other IBM_DB2 PHP Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257

Developing with the Zend Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258

Configuring the Zend Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258

Managing Connections with the Zend Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259

■CONTENTSxii

Executing Statements Using the Zend Core Framework . . . . . . . . 260

Other Major Classes in the Zend Core Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262

■CHAPTER 14 DB2 on Rails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263

Installing Ruby and Rails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263

Developing with Ruby, Rails, and DB2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267

Creating a Project with Rails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267

Connecting a Rails Project to DB2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268

Designing DB2 Tables in Rails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269

Executing a Migration in Ruby for DB2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

Evolving Your DB2 Schema with Ruby on Rails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272

The Schema_Info Table for Ruby on Rails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273

Reverting to Earlier Schema Incarnations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274

Ruby on Rails Scaffolding for DB2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274

Generating the Scaffolding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275

Ruby on Rails Scaffolding in Action with DB2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277

■CHAPTER 15 DB2 Development with Microsoft Visual Studio.NET . . . . 279

Installing IBM Database Add-Ins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279

Registering the IBM Data Server Provider for .NET . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281

Testing DB2 .NET Connectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282

Completing the Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283

Testing the Database Add-Ins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283

Managing DB2 Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286

Creating a New DB2 View Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287

Building the DB2 Database Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289

Building .NET Windows Applications with DB2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290

Binding DB2 Objects to Windows Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291

Specifying a DB2 Connection for a Windows C# Project . . . . . . . . 292

Exploring a Connection’s Related Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294

Building and Running the Windows Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294

Building .NET Web Applications with DB2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295

Binding DB2 Objects to Web Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296

Building and Running the Web Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299

■CONTENTS xiii

■CHAPTER 16 Developing Java Applications with DB2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301

Writing JDBC Applications for DB2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302

JDBC Driver Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302

Writing the First Java DB2 Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303

Refactoring the Connection Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305

Working with Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307

Working with DB2 JDBC Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309

Developing Java Stored Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311

Writing the Stored Procedure Java Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311

Deploying the Java Stored Procedure Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312

Writing the Stored Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313

Testing the Java DB2 Stored Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314

Getting Started with DB2 pureQuery for Java . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315

Creating a pureQuery-Enabled Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315

Autogenerating pureQuery Java Mapping Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318

Examining pureQuery Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322

■CHAPTER 17 Exploring More DB2 Development Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323

Perl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323

Installing the Perl DBI and DBD::DB2 Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324

Getting Connected . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327

Executing SQL Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328

Going Further with Perl and DB2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330

Python . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330

Installing the Python DB2 Driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330

Getting Connected . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332

Executing SQL Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332

Going Further with Python and DB2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332

Other Languages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333

C and C++ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333

COBOL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333

Rexx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333

Visual Basic and Visual Basic.NET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334

Other Samples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334

■CONTENTSxiv

Database Recovery with DB2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375

Database Recovery for Free . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375

Restoring a Database from Backup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375

Roll Forward Recovery from a Backup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376

Database Recovery Using the Control Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377

Advanced Recovery Options from the Command Line . . . . . . . . . . 381

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383

■CHAPTER 20 Sharing Your DB2 Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385

DB2 Clients on Linux and Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385

Using the DB2 Express-C Edition Installer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386

Using the Dedicated DB2 Client Installers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387

Deciding Which Components to Install . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393

Configuring the DB2 Client for Your Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394

The DB2 Client Configuration Assistant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394

Command-Line DB2 Client Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400

Other Connectivity Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405

DB2 Runtime Client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405

Type 4 JDBC Driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405

Third-Party Connectivity Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406

■CHAPTER 21 Moving Data in Bulk with DB2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407

File Formats for Moving Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407

ASCII Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407

Delimited Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407

Lotus 1-2-3 Worksheet Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408

Integration Exchange Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408

Exporting Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408

Performing a Simple Export . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409

Exporting LOBs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409

Exporting XML Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411

Exporting via the Control Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412

Importing Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414

Performing a Simple Import . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414

Dealing with Import Warnings and Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416

Importing a Mix of New and Updated Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418

Performing More-Complex Imports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419

Graphical Import Using the Control Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421

■CONTENTSxvi

PART 5 ■ ■ ■ Ongoing Database Administration with DB2

■CHAPTER 18 Database Creation and Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337

Building Blocks of DB2 Databases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337

Creating DB2 Databases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338

Specifying an Alias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339

Handling Languages and Text in DB2 Databases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340

Managing Storage for the DB2 Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342

Understanding Tablespace Use in DB2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342

Choosing the Right Tablespace Storage Management Type . . . . . 343

Using System Managed Storage Tablespaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344

Using Database Managed Storage Tablespaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345

Tuning Initial Tablespace Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346

Introducing Buffer Pools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347

Moving Beyond Database, Tablespace, and Buffer Pool Basics . . . . . . . 348

Creating Databases with Many Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349

Altering Databases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349

Working with Tablespaces and Buffer Pools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350

Dropping Databases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357

■CHAPTER 19 DB2 Backup and Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359

Why You Should Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359

Permissions for Backup and Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359

Understanding DB2 Logging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360

General Logging Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360

Log File Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361

Circular Logging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361

Archive Logging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362

Infinite Logging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365

Log Housekeeping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366

DB2 Backups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366

Anatomy of a Backup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367

Taking Backups from the Control Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368

Advanced Backup Options from the Command Line . . . . . . . . . . . 372

■CONTENTS xv

Loading Data with the Load Utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423

Other Data-Movement Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426

■CHAPTER 22 Working with Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427

Database Design Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428

Statement of Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429

Identification of Users and Use Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430

Analysis of Use Cases and Data Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432

Finding Relationships in the Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433

Building the Logical Data Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435

Translating a Logical Model to a Physical Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436

Building the Physical Model in DB2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436

Model Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440

■CHAPTER 23 Moving Up to More Advanced DB2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441

Using the db2look and db2move Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441

Using db2look . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441

Using db2move . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443

Using db2look from the Control Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445

DB2 Replication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446

Preparing for Replication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446

Configuring Replication via the Replication Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447

Testing Replication in Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452

Data Row Compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454

Data Row Compression Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455

Estimating Compression Savings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456

Compressing a Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457

Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458

■CHAPTER 24 Monitoring and Tuning DB2 Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459

Starting with a Sensible Approach to Tuning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459

Proactive Tuning with the Configuration Advisor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460

Understanding Isolation Levels in DB2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464

Understanding Locking in DB2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464

Using DB2’s Optimistic Locking Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466

Continuing with the Configuration Advisor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466

■CONTENTS xvii

Understanding Self-Tuning Memory in DB2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468

Traditional DB2 Memory Management Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468

Activating STMM Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469

Self-Tuning Memory Management Mechanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470

Using the Memory Visualizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471

Monitoring and Tuning Database Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472

Activating Monitor Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473

Using DB2 Event Monitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473

Using DB2 Snapshot Monitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478

Tuning the DB2 Optimizer with RUNSTATS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481

Automated RUNSTATS in DB2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481

Manually Running the RUNSTATS Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484

Using the REORGCHK and REORG Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485

Working with REORGCHK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485

Working with REORG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489

■INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491

■CONTENTSxviii

About the Author

■GRANT ALLEN has worked in the IT field for nearly 20 years, most recently as Chief TechnologyOfficer for a leading Australian software vendor, before taking on his current role at Google.His work has involved private enterprise, academia, and government around the world—con-sulting on large-scale systems design, development, performance, data warehousing, contentmanagement, and collaboration. Grant is a frequent speaker at conferences and industryevents on topics such as data mining, compliance, relational databases, collaboration tech-nologies, the business of technology, and more. He is now a team leader at Google, usingdatabase technologies to tackle problems of Google-scale and beyond.

xix

About the Technical Reviewer

■FRED SOBOTKA is a database consultant with FRS Consulting. He beganhis software industry career in 1990 and started using DB2 in 1996. Fred helps businesses get the most out of DB2 for Linux, UNIX, and Windows. He is an award-winning IDUG speaker and the leader ofNODE, a regional DB2 users group. Fred has written about DB2 for the IDUG Solutions Journal and DB2 Magazine, and regularly updates a DB2 blog he started in 2004. He enjoys the local coffee and bicyclepaths of Portland, Oregon, where he lives with his wife, Allison, and theirhouseplant, Hector. Fred can be reached at fred@frsconsulting.com.

xxi

Acknowledgments

Thanks to all my family and friends who supported me along the way, and kept the humor upwhen it was most needed. Thanks to the members of the IBM team, who have just chalked up 25 years and make DB2 the awesome database technology it is today. Amazing!

xxiii

Introduction

Welcome to Beginning DB2: From Novice to Professional. This book—which is all about theDB2 relational database management system for Linux, UNIX, and Windows—is designed toget anyone started on the road to mastering DB2. Beginning DB2 is not designed to be a com-plete reference library for DB2; DB2 is far too large a piece of software for any one book tocover every advanced feature and option. But Beginning DB2 is designed to capture the stateof the art in DB2 capabilities and technology, presenting a comprehensive set of introductoryand gradually more advanced material to allow anyone to be up and working with DB2 in no time.

Who This Book Is ForThis book is for everyone. No, really! I’ll even be sending a copy to my mother. Instead of writ-ing a book just for database administrators, or database developers, or even developers of weband desktop systems that want to use a database, I wrote Beginning DB2 to capture what youneed to work DB2 into any environment or development project. Whether you’re a web devel-oper, project manager, avid blogger, or podcasting star, Beginning DB2 will help you take yourdatabase work to the next level.

How This Book Is StructuredThis book is split into five parts, each designed to help you master certain aspects of DB2:

• Part 1 deals with DB2’s heritage and shows you how to acquire and install your owncopy of DB2.

• Part 2 discusses the great tools that come with DB2 out of the box.

• Part 3 leaps into the wide world of Structured Query Language (SQL) and treats you tothe depth and breadth of DB2’s SQL capabilities.

• Part 4 takes a tour of the fantastic developer options IBM adds to DB2 for languagessuch as Ruby, PHP, Java, C#, Python, and more.

• Part 5 covers the all-important administrative details that will make you a databaseadministrator “par excellence” with DB2.

xxv

ConventionsI tried to keep the conventions in this book very simple. Where a piece of code is used, it ispresented in fixed-width Courier font, such as this (working) example:

select * from sysibm.sysdummy1

For syntax descriptions and other technical elements, I use the same font for clarity, buthave endeavored to use a conversational style to discuss the meaning and use of commandsand technology. This helps you reach a better understanding in a shorter period of time. Moreimportantly, it also saves trees because you don’t need to buy a book that repeats the great reference material for DB2 that you can find online.

PrerequisitesThere are very few prerequisites you’ll need to get the most out of this book. In fact, there’snothing stopping you from reading the book without installing DB2 and trying the examples.But I’ll take a wild guess that you want to do that, so you’ll need a computer with a supportedLinux distribution, such as CentOS, OpenSuSE, or the like; or Microsoft Windows XP or Vista.Exact versions and instructions on downloading the edition of DB2 suitable for you are inChapter 1 and Chapter 2.

Downloading the CodeExamples and code snippets used in the book will be available in zip file format in the Down-loads section of the Apress website (www.apress.com). The author has also set up the sitewww.beginningdb2.com, where the examples can also be obtained.

Contacting the AuthorAny questions, comments, or errata can be sent to the author at grantondata@gmail.com, or visitthe book’s website at www.beginningdb2.com or the author’s website at www.grantondata.com.

■INTRODUCTIONxxvi

Getting Started

P A R T 1

What Is DB2 and Where Can I Get It?

If you’ve ever wondered how easy it would be to learn DB2, one of the world’s most mature and powerful relational databases, the answer is this: very easy! Beginning DB2: From Novice toProfessional covers every aspect of the fundamentals of DB2 for Linux, UNIX, and Windows. Thebook will help you to quickly move from beginner to confident professional in using the powerof DB2 to develop desktop and web applications, manage and administer DB2 databases, andtake charge of your data as never before. It quickly builds your expertise so you can tackle newand existing software projects with the backing of IBM’s leading database technology. In no timeyou’ll power ahead, realizing your dreams of the next MySpace, YouTube, or Flickr.

Who Should Read This Book?Everyone! Well, nearly everyone. This book is not designed to be a boring technical disserta-tion on the internal design of DB2, the minutiae of Structured Query Language (SQL) syntax,or the elegance of relational set theory.

This book will teach you the essentials of DB2, using DB2 as the storage and processingfoundation for a range of applications that should get you thinking about what it can do foryou. You’ll learn the practical side of managing DB2 and the data it hosts, you’ll feel comfort-able and confident with database administration tasks, and you’ll know when to relax and letthe DB2 automated features do the heavy lifting for you. This book also shows how easy it is tobuild desktop and web-based applications such as blog hosting services, video catalogs, dis-cussion forums, and social networking sites.

So if you’re a PHP developer, a Ruby magician, keen on project management, a fabulousgraphic designer, or a budding blogger, this book will give you just the right amount of DB2 tomatch your requirements.

After reading this book, you’ll be able to do the following:

• Install and manage DB2 on Linux and Windows

• Easily control DB2 and its various features using the IBM-provided tools

• Quickly write useful SQL and SQL/PL commands to manage your data

• Simultaneously handle structured and unstructured data such as video, pictures, docu-ments, and XML

3

C H A P T E R 1

• Combine DB2 databases with your web and desktop applications in languages such asPython, Ruby, C#, and others

• Use the added features of DB2 to manage backups, performance, and troubleshooting

• Comfortably handle the most complex data storage and manipulation requirementswith the power of DB2

• Look forward to future developments in database capabilities with a strong groundingin DB2

Why Choose DB2?You might have a pressing need to store vast quantities of data. You might have heard aboutthe amazing features in the latest release of DB2. Perhaps you’ve used other databases in thepast and are interested in expanding your exposure to different relational database manage-ment systems. Or maybe you just like the name! Whatever the motivation, there are excellentreasons to choose DB2 for your next project or application.

DB2 Has History on Its SideThe year was 1970. A brilliant man named E. F. “Ted” Codd wrote a seminal paper while work-ing at the IBM research lab in San Jose, California. The paper, which was titled “A RelationalModel of Data for Large Shared Data Banks,” triggered a revolution in how people thoughtabout data, its storage, its use, and its management.

You don’t need to read that paper to benefit from Codd’s ideas because IBM realized it hada winner on its hands. Other members of the IBM research team—Ray Boyce and Don Cham-berlin—added to Codd’s work in the following years, developing “SEQUEL,” a language forstructured English queries. This evolved into the “SQL” that is now the lingua franca used withmost databases today.

DB2 Is at the Forefront of Database Technology TodayWith the latest release of DB2, IBM is taking DB2 into new technological territory—to the benefitof all its users. You’ll learn about all the fantastic features that DB2 9.5 offers as you read thisbook, but the most prominent technology to find its way into DB2 is the IBM “pureXML”hybrid storage technology. With pureXML, DB2 can store, manage, and leverage informationin native XML form, right beside information stored in relational form. If you’ve ever had towrestle with breaking down and rebuilding XML just to store it for later reference, or struggledwith not having the tools you want to manage XML and relational data on an equal footing,DB2 9.5 and pureXML are a boon. (We’ll let the section on pureXML speak for itself so youwon’t think that this topic is just a marketing exercise to promote DB2.)

DB2 Will Be Even Bigger in the FutureIf you have ever started working with a new piece of technology and wondered whether therewas any mileage left in it after you invested all your time and effort, you can rest easy aboutdevoting your attention to DB2. Not only does IBM release new features and versions of DB2

CHAPTER 1 ■ WHAT IS DB2 AND WHERE CAN I GET IT?4

at a regular steady pace; IBM has been doing that for more than 20 years and has already givena sneak preview of enhancements and new technologies it will make available in the forth-coming releases after DB2 9.5.

Choosing the Right DB2 Edition For YouIBM has always made sure that an edition of DB2 exists that is tailored to match any operatingenvironment you can imagine. And that’s true more than ever with the range of DB2 version9.5 editions now available. Currently, you can choose from the following editions:

• DB2 Express-C: A fully functional version of DB2 for Microsoft Windows and Linux thatis both free to download and free to distribute with your applications! That’s right—free.IBM also has the most generous limits of any “express” edition of a commercial enter-prise database. You can even buy an IBM-backed support service, just like all the othereditions. The C in Express-C stands for community, and it is the community to whichIBM contributes not just the amazing features and power of DB2 but also dedicatedsupport staff on Express-C forums and input from numerous independent experts.Express-C is amazingly full-powered and brimming with features—you’ll be surprisedby how far it can take your database!

• DB2 Express edition: Like its cousin, Express-C, this version is targeted for quick instal-lation and use. It is ideal for hybrid applications that make use of relational and XMLfeatures. DB2 Express supports up to 2 CPUs and 4GB of RAM. Platforms supportedinclude Linux, Windows, and Solaris x86.

• DB2 Personal edition: A DB2 edition optimized for single-user operation, this editioncan be frugal with memory and other resources while providing almost all the firepowerpresent in multiuser DB2 versions.

• DB2 Everyplace 9: Take DB2 with you everywhere! On your land line, PDA, cell phone, orembedded device. Perfect for distributed applications, this edition includes synchro-nization tools to keep your data in step across your applications and across the world.

• DB2 Workgroup edition: This edition raises the bar again, allowing up to 4 CPUs and16GB of RAM, and shares all the management and development tools of the DB2 range.Platform availability also expands from the DB2 Express edition to include AIX, HP/UX,and Solaris on UltraSPARC.

• DB2 Enterprise edition: DB2 with no limits! Serious horsepower to match the mostdemanding of applications. Advanced technology bundled with the Enterprise editioninclude high-availability technology for maximum up time, multinode clustering, spe-cialized spatial data support, and more.

• DB2 Enterprise Developer edition: Because even the best features should be available toeveryone to test and develop, IBM makes the Developer edition available so that youcan make the most sophisticated applications with the minimum of fuss.

• DB2 Data Warehouse edition: DB2 with special features to manage truly gargantuandata warehouses. Special features include data partitioning, multidimensional cluster-ing, and query materialization technology.

CHAPTER 1 ■ WHAT IS DB2 AND WHERE CAN I GET IT? 5

• Other members of the DB2 family: IBM is also famous for scaling DB2 all the way up tothe mainframe, giving you unlimited potential when it comes to powering your appli-cations. Related products in the DB2 family include DB2 for iSeries and DB2 for z/OS.All members of the DB2 family share a great deal of functionality and capability in common. DB2 for iSeries and DB2 for z/OS versions do take advantage of some of theunique properties of their respective platforms, and there are probably few readers whohave such a system readily at hand. As such, I’ll highlight in passing any important top-ics that relate to these two platforms, such as connectivity tools, but won’t delve deeplyinto their inner workings.

This book focuses on the most common editions of DB2 so you become familiar with asmuch of the DB2 world as possible as quickly as possible. I’ll start with DB2 Express-C andshow you all its power, flexibility, and capability. In the latter chapters, I’ll discuss the differ-ences you’ll find in the Workgroup and Enterprise editions, and also show you how easy it is tomove quickly and easily between versions when required.

Obtaining DB2: A World of ChoiceIt should come as no surprise that as well as making available free editions of DB2, IBM alsomakes it incredibly easy to obtain DB2 to install and use. There is no surer way to date a bookthan to include in the text a reference to a specific website. You might think that other thanhttp://www.ibm.com/, IBM must regularly change the content and layout of its website as itsproducts, services and related information evolve. And you’d be right. But IBM doesn’t justmake one of the best database management tools available today; IBM actually understandsat a deeper level the importance of managing fluctuating data such as URLs. That’s a long-winded way of saying that http://www.ibm.com/db2 has consistently redirected to the currentDB2 home page for the last decade or more!

As Figure 1-1 shows, the home page is constantly kept up to date with the latest informa-tion on DB2. So no matter when you find yourself reading this section, you can reliably enterthat address into your web browser and be faithfully taken to IBM’s DB2 offerings almostinstantaneously. (Now that I have made such a bold statement, IBM will no doubt decide toadd masses of video, audio, and as-yet-unthought-of bandwidth-hungry content to that site,and I’ll be forced to eat my words on the “instantaneous” claim.)

The DB2 home page always includes a link for the DB2 download page, so you don’t haveto go digging to find the software you want. Point your browser at the DB2 home page, followthe link to the download page, and you’ll see quite a few options that cover Windows, Linux,and other operating systems in both 32-bit and 64-bit forms. Depending on your platform,you’ll need between 258MB to 365MB for the download. I’ll cover more about the installationsteps in Chapter 2, so for now, if downloading DB2 is your preferred option, go ahead andselect the package that matches your operating system and start your download.

If you are a fan of virtual machines and the flexibility they provide, you’ll see that IBM haspartnered with Novell to make available a ready-made VMware SUSE Linux package with DB2Express-C already installed, configured, and ready for use. The download package for the vir-tual machine weighs in at a hefty 1.1GB, but it can be a great kick start to using DB2 in a Linuxenvironment. If you choose this option, you can skip Chapter 2, but you’ll find the chapter auseful reference if you ever find yourself with questions about how your virtual machine wasput together for you.

CHAPTER 1 ■ WHAT IS DB2 AND WHERE CAN I GET IT?6

Figure 1-1. The IBM DB2 home page

If you can’t use the offerings on the download page for whatever reason, there are otherreadily available ways to obtain DB2. For some years, IBM has made available at no charge itssoftware Discovery Kit, a collection of its leading middleware products that lets anyone try outproducts such as DB2 at no charge. This is a great way to grab a diverse set of tools, informa-tion, and the DB2 software itself, all in one convenient package. It’s also very useful if you findyourself at the end of an Internet connection with limited bandwidth or face steep excessusage fees from your ISP for the available downloads on the IBM DB2 home page.

The DB2 Discovery Kit is available by registering at this URL on the DB2 home page:http://www-304.ibm.com/jct03002c/software/data/info/expresscd/.

CHAPTER 1 ■ WHAT IS DB2 AND WHERE CAN I GET IT? 7

Because this URL is likely to change over time, using the built-in search functionality onthe DB2 home page and entering DB2 Discovery Kit returns the page as one of the first searchresults. The current version of the signup page can be seen in Figure 1-2.

Figure 1-2. Ordering the DB2 Discovery Kit

IBM has even thought of those of you who can’t get to their website to obtain DB2. Youcan e-mail or telephone IBM’s DB2 team to arrange to have the Discovery Kit shipped to you.

CHAPTER 1 ■ WHAT IS DB2 AND WHERE CAN I GET IT?8

NAMING CURRENT AND FUTURE VERSIONS OF DB2

IBM’s current release of DB2 for Linux, UNIX, and Windows is DB2 9.5. You might also hear about DB2 Viperand wonder how it is related. DB2 Viper was the code name that IBM used during the development phase forDB2 9, and DB2 Viper 2 was the code name that IBM used for DB2 9.5. So essentially, they are the sameproduct—one is the beta form; the other is the final released form.

This style of code name has been used previously with DB2. DB2 version 8.2 was code named Stinger,and I’m sure IBM will use the same nomenclature for the next release of DB2 10 and later versions in the future.

The content presented in this book is designed to be applicable for current and future versions of DB2,so the fundamentals presented here will equip you to work with it, no matter whether you’re reading thisbook now or sometime in the future when DB2 10, or an even later version has been released.

SummaryYou now know all about the background of DB2, its history, and its tailor-made editions thatare available to you to suit every conceivable data management requirement. If you haven’talready got your hands on a copy of DB2 Express-C, jump to the website, telephone, or evenuse good old snail mail to get your copy now. The next chapter launches you right in toinstalling and using DB2.

CHAPTER 1 ■ WHAT IS DB2 AND WHERE CAN I GET IT? 9