8/2/2019 Beginner Card Booklet Version1a
1/15
Beechers
Ph
oto
Flash
Cards
1
ThreeCountries
Metaphorically,
the
rearethreecountriesonyourcame
ra:ISO,
lensopening,and
shutterspeed.
ISO
ISOisthesensitivityofthecamerasensortolight.
Thesensoriswhat
recordsyourphotographs.
TurndowntheISO
volumeinbrightlight.
TurnuptheISOvolumeindiml
ight.
Sun
100to200
Shadyorcloudy
400
Dim*
800to3200
*Noflash
Noise
Noiseincreasesas
youturntheISOvolumeup.
Noiseis:
Graininess.
Wrong-coloredpixels,usuallygreenandmagenta(pink).
Noiseisntalwaysdetrimentaltoaphotograph.
AutoISO
Yourcameraispro
bablysetbydefaulttoAutoISO.
Thecameraslight
metermeasuresthebrightnessofthe
light,andsetstheISO
accordingly.
Generally,
AutoISOworkswell,exceptwhenyoureusin
glongexposuresonatripodin
diml
ight.
Thenexttwocou
ntriescontrolhowmuchreaches
thesensor.
LensOpening
Thelensopeningistheirisinyourlens.
Itsalsocalledape
rtureorf/stop.
Herearethemajo
rlensopeningsfordigitalSLRcameraswithzooml
enses.
f/4
f/5.6
f/8
f/11
f/16
f/22
8/2/2019 Beginner Card Booklet Version1a
2/15
2
Herearethemajorlensopeningsforpoint-and-shootcameras.
f/2*
f/2.8
f/4
f/5.6
f/8
*Somepoint-and-
shootcameras
The
rearemanymorelens-openingnumb
ersonyourcamera.
Above,
thelensopeningsdifferbyonest
opoflight.
On
yourcamera,
thelensopeningsdiffer
by1/3rdo
fastop.
ShutterSpeed
The
shutterconsistsofbladesthatopenandclose.
HerearethemostusedshutterspeedsforbothdigitalSLRcamerasandpoint-and-
sho
otcameras.
1/8
1/15
1/30
1/60
1/125
1/250
1/500
1/1000
Jus
tlikelensopenings,
therearemanym
oreshutter-speednumbersonyourc
amera.
Above,
theshutterspeedsdifferbyones
topoflight.
On
yourcamera,
theshutterspeedsdiffe
rby1/3rdo
fastop.
WhichOneIsWhich?
The
lensopeningsandshutterspeedson
yourcameramaynotbeobvious.
You
rcameramaydisplayboththenumeratoranddenominatorofashutterspeed
fraction:1/x.
Tha
tmakesiteasytotelllensopeningsfroms
hutterspeeds,aslensopenings
dont
hav
enumerators:1/x.
Ify
ourcameradoesntdisplaynumerators,checkyourinstructionmanualforthe
locationsofthelensopeningsandshutte
rspeeds.
BTWshutterspeedswithquotemarksa
refullseconds.
8iseightseconds,not1/8tho
fasecond
.
TheBiggerthe#,the
