Becoming a world powerChap 10

Section 1

Imperialism 4 Factors of why Imperialism grew

Economics-Industry increases, so does the need for natural resources and the need for new places (markets) to sell those products

Nationalism- Devotion to your nation

Military- Technology allowed European countries’ armies and navies to be far superior, allowing for easy conquests and the need for bases for fuel and supplies

Humanitarian and Religious goals-The do-gooders

1st in Europe, then in 1890 America fueled by the industrial revolution

ANNEX, ANNEXATION-To take over a new territory.

Imperialism Map of Imperialism

The United States and Imperialism

Monroe Doctrine-What it is? What does it mean to the United StatesDefinition-Neutral in European wars and affairs but

warned Europe to stay out of the West

William Seward (Secretary of State) put 50,000 troops on the border when France tried to take over Mexico

Seward’s Folly-The Buying of Alaska from Russia

Commodore Matthew C. Perry- Sails to Japan to open trade

Seward annexes Midway Islands

Hawaii and tax free sugar

Imperialism Why did the United States want

to expand?1. Protect American growth

New marketsInternational Business (Source of new Money)

for Standard Oil and Bell Telegraph & Telephone

Banana RepublicsWhere money and business’s bought political

influence in the region

Imperialism Why did the United States want

to expand?

2) Protect American SecurityNavy-Pushed for military protection of

business from foreign nations1881- Naval Advisory Board=More $ for the

navy1890- Naval Act=Battleships, cruisers and

gunboats1900 – Most Powerful Navy in the World

Imperialism Why did the United States want

to expand?

3) Preserve the American SpiritHenry Cabot & Teddy Roosevelt-The quest for

an empire might revitalize the country’s pioneer spirit

Social Darwinism-

The Spanish-American WarSection 2

Spanish-American War

President at the time-McKinley

Displays of Power- 1891 Chile, Mob kills 2 sailors, U.S government demands

payment

1893 Brazil, Rebellion takes place which threatens U.S. Shipping, Government sends in the navy as a show of force which crushes the rebellion

1895-Venezuela, Great Britain and the United States have a dispute over the Monroe doctrine, Great Britain eventually agrees to arbitration with the United States

Arbitration-settlement of a dispute by a third party

Spanish-American WarPrelude to WarThe Cuban Rebellion

1868 Cuba rebels against Spain over treatment by the Spanish government

1895 Cuba rebels again after the economy goes in the tank.This time, Spain sends in 150,000 troops to shut up the

people

Reconcentration-Forcing civilians into guarded camps where there is little food or sanitation

RESULT 200,000 Cubans die

United States refuses to help, so the rebels destroy the sugar plantations to force the United States to intervene

Spanish-American WarPrelude to War

Yellow Journalism Pulitzer and Hearsts’ newspapers

New York World & New York Morning Journal

They put sensational headlines to turn the public against Spain and help the Cuban Rebellion

"Does our flag shield women?" "Indignities Practiced by Spanish Officials On Board American Vessels"

"Richard Harding Davis Describes Some Startling Phases of the Cuban Situation“

"Refined Young Women Stripped and Searched by Brutal Spaniards While Under Our Flag on the Ollivette

Spanish-American WarPrelude to War1898 Riots begin in Havana, the capitolMcKinley sends in the U.S. battleship Maine

FEB 1898 The de Lome Letter- Stolen from the Spanish ambassador in Washington D.C. it described McKinley as weak but it raised anti-Spain sentiments in the U.S.

FEB 15th 1898 Explosion on the U.S.S. Maine-kills 250 united states sailors

Feb 25th 1898 The Philippines- Spain's last remaining possession, The Philippine Islands, the native people rebel

Spanish-American WarPrelude to War

Feb 25th 1898 The Philippines- Spain's last remaining possession, The Philippine Islands, the native people rebel

Teddy Roosevelt-Assistant secretary of the navy views the Philippines as a strategic military base which the U.S. could use

March 1898 McKinley's war message- Sent a list of demands to Spain, all of which were accepted but no independence for the Cuban people

April 1898 McKinley declares war

Spanish-American War“A splendid Little War”

May 1898 in the Philippines in Manilla Bay

Admiral Dewey attacks Spain’s navy…and destroys its’ entire fleet in 7hrs

Cuba-The United States navy encircles Spain’s Atlantic fleet in Santiago harbor in Cuba

July 1898-The Rough Riders-led by Teddy Roosevelt who resigned his naval command to lead troops into Cuba and took San Juan Hill

July 3 American naval forces sunk the rest of the Spanish fleet

Yellow Fever and Malaria strike troops in June-July-August

Spanish-American War“A splendid Little War”

Dec 1898 The war ends with the Treaty of Paris

What did the United States get out of the war?Cuban Independence

$20 million

Land-The U.S. acquired the Philippines, Puerto Rico, Guam and other territories

Spanish-American WarChallenges after the war

What to do with the PhilippinesFighting with the Filipinos

4,000 Americans died, 3,000 wounded

American troops killed over 16,000 people to annex the islands

Cuba Teller Amendment-promised Cuba that the U.S.

wouldn’t annex the country

Platt Amendment- Prohibited Cuba from entering into foreign agreements and Cuba must allow the U.S. to build naval bases

Puerto RicoProvided a military base

Spanish-American War Challenges after the war

HawaiiPearl Harbor

Sugar exports

Removal of the queen based upon financial gains from pineapple planter Sanford Dole

SamoaStepping stone for trade with Asia

Naval base

Spheres of influence-Areas of economic and political control of china

Open Door Policy-equal access to China’s millions of people However China resented any outside influence

Boxer Rebellion

The Panama Canal Section 3

Building the CanalWHY?

Looking for an easy passage to connect the Atlantic and Pacific oceans for trade

Isthmus of Panama-Shortest route

1879-French company bought a 25 year lease to build the canal

Company offered the remaining rights to the U.S. for $100 Million dollars

When the price was cut to $40 Million in 1902, Congress passed the Spooner act to purchase the agreement

Panama rebelled against Columbia and sent naval warships to help the rebellion and recognized Panama as a country and became its’ protectorate

Building of the canal began in 1904 and completed in 1914

President RooseveltRoosevelt Corollary

Addition to the Monroe Doctrine

Roosevelt as a peace maker

Russo-Japanese war in 1904

Worried about Japan’s military influence in the Far East negotiated a peace treaty

He kept trade open for all nations to China

Won the Nobel prize

Foreign Policy after RooseveltWilliam Howard Taft and Woodrow WilsonTaft

Elected in 1908, was secretary of war under Roosevelt

Main Goals--> Maintain open door to Asia and to preserve stability in Latin America

Wanted to substitute dollars for bullets=Dollar Diplomacy

Increased amount of $ overseasNot always profitable

Foreign Policy after RooseveltWilliam Howard Taft and Woodrow Wilson

WilsonMexican RevolutionIn a bloody revolution, General Huerta

overthrew the president of Mexico and killed him

The U.S. had over $1 billion dollars invested in Mexican oil, mines, land and railroads

Wilson applied moral and legal standards to foreign policy instead of Taft’s dollar diplomacy

Section 4 America’s new role

The role of Imperialism in America

ImperialistsAs a show of force,

Roosevelt sent the U.S. navy on a trip around the world.

Youth programs started up to support Imperialism

Boys and Girl Scouts

Anti-ImperialistsRacism-many

believed that our heritage were superior to those of others

Economic reasons against imperialism

COSTLY

Maintaining armed forces requires a large amount of money

The role of Imperialism in America

ImperialistsWanted to maintain

the United States in a role which it could expand its’ terrortory and financial reach into other countries

Anti-ImperialistsMoral and political

oppostition to imperialism

Strongest reason--The rejection of the nation’s foundation of “liberty for all”

Constitution must follow the flag-- Which meant that our laws went where we went