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1 Beautiful Landscapes Without Waste Carol Brouwer, PhD Horticulturist http://www.flourishandbits.com Growing populations have increased the demand on the Texas’ already limited supply of high quality water.

Beautiful Landscapes Without Waste - Carol Brouwer · 37 EarthKindLandscaping “Beauty without waste” Water is a limited and fragile resource. Water conservation does not mean

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Page 1: Beautiful Landscapes Without Waste - Carol Brouwer · 37 EarthKindLandscaping “Beauty without waste” Water is a limited and fragile resource. Water conservation does not mean

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Beautiful Landscapes Without Waste

Carol Brouwer, PhDHorticulturist

http://www.flourishandbits.com

Growing populations have increased the demand on the Texas’ already limited supply of high quality water. 

Page 2: Beautiful Landscapes Without Waste - Carol Brouwer · 37 EarthKindLandscaping “Beauty without waste” Water is a limited and fragile resource. Water conservation does not mean

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The population of Texas is expected to double between now and 2060, from 

around 21 million to 46 million

The current dependable water supply will meet only about 70 percent of projected demand by the year 2050

Page 3: Beautiful Landscapes Without Waste - Carol Brouwer · 37 EarthKindLandscaping “Beauty without waste” Water is a limited and fragile resource. Water conservation does not mean

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Seasonal fluctuations in rainfall and periodic droughts have created a feast‐to‐famine cycles in Texas.

Water is a limited resource in Texas, and will continue to become more limited as our population grows.

Page 4: Beautiful Landscapes Without Waste - Carol Brouwer · 37 EarthKindLandscaping “Beauty without waste” Water is a limited and fragile resource. Water conservation does not mean

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Personal Water Use

Family of 4 direct personal use is 19,200 gallons/mo.

Texas = 120 gal/day

California = 85 gal/day/person

Average Texas Residential Water Use

Jan ‐ 6000 gallons/mo/homeJuly ‐ 16,000 gallons/mo/home

Page 5: Beautiful Landscapes Without Waste - Carol Brouwer · 37 EarthKindLandscaping “Beauty without waste” Water is a limited and fragile resource. Water conservation does not mean

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Outdoor 

landscape 

irrigation 

accounts for as 

much as 60 to 70 

percent of a 

typical 

residential

customer’s 

water use in the 

summer.

In urban areas of 

Texas about 25 

percent of the water 

supply is used for

landscape and 

garden watering.

Page 6: Beautiful Landscapes Without Waste - Carol Brouwer · 37 EarthKindLandscaping “Beauty without waste” Water is a limited and fragile resource. Water conservation does not mean

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Non‐point‐source pollution accounts for 65 percent of pollution 

in rivers76 percent in lakes and 45 percent in estuaries in the United States

Municipal Water Use Priorities

Personal Use

Fire Safety

Food production

Power Generation

Manufacturing / Industrial

Lawn and Landscape

Page 7: Beautiful Landscapes Without Waste - Carol Brouwer · 37 EarthKindLandscaping “Beauty without waste” Water is a limited and fragile resource. Water conservation does not mean

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Conservation in the Landscape

Reduced runoff pollution

Reduced use of a limited resource

Beautiful, resilient landscape

Saves money

Landscape Water Conservation

Basic Steps to an Earth-Kind Landscape

Page 8: Beautiful Landscapes Without Waste - Carol Brouwer · 37 EarthKindLandscaping “Beauty without waste” Water is a limited and fragile resource. Water conservation does not mean

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7 Basic Principles

Planning and design

Soil analysis

Appropriate plant selection

Practical turf areas 

Efficient irrigation

Use of mulches

Appropriate maintenance

1. Start With a Plan

Creating a water‐efficient landscape begins with a well thought out design

Do‐it yourself

Hire a professional

Gradual vs Immediate

Page 9: Beautiful Landscapes Without Waste - Carol Brouwer · 37 EarthKindLandscaping “Beauty without waste” Water is a limited and fragile resource. Water conservation does not mean

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Design Considerations

Budget

Appearance

Function

Maintenance 

Water requirements

Rainwater catchment

Home energy efficiency

Rain Gardens

Rain gardens hold runoff for a few days

Rain soaks slowly back into the ground

Water is cleansed naturally

A rain garden can absorb 30% more storm water than turf

Page 10: Beautiful Landscapes Without Waste - Carol Brouwer · 37 EarthKindLandscaping “Beauty without waste” Water is a limited and fragile resource. Water conservation does not mean

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Select the plants

Adapted to extremes

Adapted to climate, soil, moisture extremes

Deep roots

Attract & support wildlife

Keep “wet zones” in mind

Wet (center)

Wet‐dry (median)

Dry (margin)

Natives or non‐natives

Try different plants

Prince George’s County, Maryland

Rain Gardens

Page 11: Beautiful Landscapes Without Waste - Carol Brouwer · 37 EarthKindLandscaping “Beauty without waste” Water is a limited and fragile resource. Water conservation does not mean

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Rain Gardens

Page 12: Beautiful Landscapes Without Waste - Carol Brouwer · 37 EarthKindLandscaping “Beauty without waste” Water is a limited and fragile resource. Water conservation does not mean

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Rainwater Harvesting

Rainfall(in.)

Volume per 100 ft2 of roof area (gal)

0.5 31.17

1.0 62.31

1.5 93.50

2.0 124.69

2.5 155.81

3.0 187.00

Rainwater Harvesting

Page 13: Beautiful Landscapes Without Waste - Carol Brouwer · 37 EarthKindLandscaping “Beauty without waste” Water is a limited and fragile resource. Water conservation does not mean

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Rainwater Harvesting

Energy Efficiency

Shade for hot sunny portions of the house and yard

Encourage winter warming

Encourage summer breezes

Page 14: Beautiful Landscapes Without Waste - Carol Brouwer · 37 EarthKindLandscaping “Beauty without waste” Water is a limited and fragile resource. Water conservation does not mean

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Shady Ideas

Espalier and vines

Overhead structures

Shade the air‐condition for up to 3 degrees temperature difference in the house

Page 15: Beautiful Landscapes Without Waste - Carol Brouwer · 37 EarthKindLandscaping “Beauty without waste” Water is a limited and fragile resource. Water conservation does not mean

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2. So

il Analysis an

d Preparatio

n:

• Get a soil test

• Amend and fertilize as recommended.

• Limit fertilizer use to minimum required

Compost

Adds organic matter to the soil

Improves soil texture

Provides some fertility

Reduces waste production from the home landscape

Top dress or work into garden beds

Top dress turf after aeration

Page 16: Beautiful Landscapes Without Waste - Carol Brouwer · 37 EarthKindLandscaping “Beauty without waste” Water is a limited and fragile resource. Water conservation does not mean

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Proper Fertilization

Pounds of N per 1000 ft2 per year

St. Augustine 2-5

Bermudagrass (common) 3-6

Bermudagrass (hybrid) 3-8

Zoysia 2-4

Get a soil test.

Minimize fertilization

Fertilize at the right time

When to Fertilize

First fertilization: the first time you need to mow.

Fall fertilization: Late September or October

Page 17: Beautiful Landscapes Without Waste - Carol Brouwer · 37 EarthKindLandscaping “Beauty without waste” Water is a limited and fragile resource. Water conservation does not mean

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Fall Fertilization

Helps turf stay green longer

Promotes food storage

Comes out of dormancy faster

3‐1‐2 or 4‐1‐2 ratio

2‐0‐1 for high phosphorus soils

Reduced Fertilization

Reduced expense

Reduced mowing 

Reduced runoff pollution

Page 18: Beautiful Landscapes Without Waste - Carol Brouwer · 37 EarthKindLandscaping “Beauty without waste” Water is a limited and fragile resource. Water conservation does not mean

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Fertilizers

Follow the label.

Avoid weed and feed fertilizers.

Sweep excess backonto grass.

3. P

lant Se

lectio

n

• Drought tolerant

• Flood tolerant

• Adapted vsNative

• Combine natives with well‐adapted non‐natives

Page 19: Beautiful Landscapes Without Waste - Carol Brouwer · 37 EarthKindLandscaping “Beauty without waste” Water is a limited and fragile resource. Water conservation does not mean

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www.texassu

perstar.co

m

• Texas Superstar Program

http://aggie‐horticulture.tamu.edu/earthkind/roses/

• Earth‐Kind Roses

Page 20: Beautiful Landscapes Without Waste - Carol Brouwer · 37 EarthKindLandscaping “Beauty without waste” Water is a limited and fragile resource. Water conservation does not mean

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4. A

ppropriate U

se of Tu

rf

• IRRIGATED turf is HIGH water use.

• Turf Water Use Can Be Reduced

Benefits of TurfEnvironmental Reduced sediment loss Reduced surface‐water and nutrient runoff and nutrient leaching

Increased evaporative cooling Mitigation of dust and smog‐produced ozone and sulfur dioxide

Human health and safety benefits Fire‐prevention traits Cushioning effect on sports fields Ability to compete with allergy‐producing weeds

Page 21: Beautiful Landscapes Without Waste - Carol Brouwer · 37 EarthKindLandscaping “Beauty without waste” Water is a limited and fragile resource. Water conservation does not mean

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5. Efficie

nt Irrigatio

n

• Irrigation Systems

• Separates turf from trees, shrubs and ground‐covers

• Efficient

• Can promote conservation

Zoning

Highest water use plants should be place in areas of highest personal use.

Group similar water use plants together.

Page 22: Beautiful Landscapes Without Waste - Carol Brouwer · 37 EarthKindLandscaping “Beauty without waste” Water is a limited and fragile resource. Water conservation does not mean

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Irrigation Systems

Get to know your irrigation controller

Install rain sensors

Change the schedule seasonallyIrrigatio

n Syste

ms

• Maintain the system

Page 23: Beautiful Landscapes Without Waste - Carol Brouwer · 37 EarthKindLandscaping “Beauty without waste” Water is a limited and fragile resource. Water conservation does not mean

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Wate

r Waste

s

Minimize Runoff

• Slopes

• Slow infiltration

• High pressure

• Over Watering

• Too much, too often leads to leaching and pollution

Watering Information

Some clay soils need up to 5 hours to absorb 1” of water

Sandy soils need 1 hour

Lawns need an average of 1” of water per week.

Use multiple cycles per day on clay or shallow soils

Page 24: Beautiful Landscapes Without Waste - Carol Brouwer · 37 EarthKindLandscaping “Beauty without waste” Water is a limited and fragile resource. Water conservation does not mean

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Wate

ring Law

ns

• Water early in morning

• Water infrequent but thoroughly

• When wilted

• 1” without runoff?

The Tu

na C

an Te

st

• Scatter empty tuna cans around the yard.

• Turn on the irrigation system

• Leave on until tuna can are full

• Time = 1” of water

• Stagger watering times to avoid runoff

Page 25: Beautiful Landscapes Without Waste - Carol Brouwer · 37 EarthKindLandscaping “Beauty without waste” Water is a limited and fragile resource. Water conservation does not mean

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Perio

dic Irrigatio

n Checks

• Look for dry spots

• Check for even coverage

• Check for misting

Drip Irrigation

Water Efficiency

Increased Plant Performance

Applies water to the soil

Low evaporation

Low runoff

Page 26: Beautiful Landscapes Without Waste - Carol Brouwer · 37 EarthKindLandscaping “Beauty without waste” Water is a limited and fragile resource. Water conservation does not mean

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Wate

r Deeply

• The more water you apply at one time, the deeper and healthier the root system grows.

6. Mulches

Conserves Water

Reduces weeds

Moderate soil temperature

Prevents soil compaction

Prevents weed‐eater and mower blight

Compost is not mulch

Page 27: Beautiful Landscapes Without Waste - Carol Brouwer · 37 EarthKindLandscaping “Beauty without waste” Water is a limited and fragile resource. Water conservation does not mean

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Types o

f Mulch

• Shredded hardwood

• Cypress

• Cedar

• Bark

• Rubber

• Gravel

• Concrete

Trees and Mulch 

2 to 4 inches

Spread it flat.

Adds organic matter to soil

Mulch is not a decorative item.

Page 28: Beautiful Landscapes Without Waste - Carol Brouwer · 37 EarthKindLandscaping “Beauty without waste” Water is a limited and fragile resource. Water conservation does not mean

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Page 29: Beautiful Landscapes Without Waste - Carol Brouwer · 37 EarthKindLandscaping “Beauty without waste” Water is a limited and fragile resource. Water conservation does not mean

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7. P

roper M

aintenan

ce

• Proper turf maintenance

• Proper mulch replenishment

• Mow at the proper heights

• Eliminate weeds

• Eliminate the weak

• Prune

• Periodic irrigation system checks 

• Use chemicals as a last resort

• Fertilize minimally based on soil tests

Page 30: Beautiful Landscapes Without Waste - Carol Brouwer · 37 EarthKindLandscaping “Beauty without waste” Water is a limited and fragile resource. Water conservation does not mean

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Aerating Turf

Aerate

Plugs aerators are best.

2‐4”

Blowers

By handProper M

owing H

eigh

t

• Conserves water

• Promotes deeper, more water‐efficient root system

• Grows slower

• Living mulch

Page 31: Beautiful Landscapes Without Waste - Carol Brouwer · 37 EarthKindLandscaping “Beauty without waste” Water is a limited and fragile resource. Water conservation does not mean

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Mowing

Mow at the recommended height

Don’t scalp

No more than 1/3 total at a time.

Mowing is stressful to the grass

Height Recommendations

Mow St. Augustinegrass at 3”

Bermudagrass mow at 1“

Zoysiagrass mow at 2”. 

No more than 1/3 total at a time.

Page 32: Beautiful Landscapes Without Waste - Carol Brouwer · 37 EarthKindLandscaping “Beauty without waste” Water is a limited and fragile resource. Water conservation does not mean

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Don’t B

ag It

• Leave clippings

• Clippings are fertilizer

• Don’t blow into storm drains

• Reduces solid waste

Mower M

aintenan

ce

• Keep mower blade sharp

• Dull blade rips the grass

• Check oil before EVERY use

• Change oil at start or end of each season

Page 33: Beautiful Landscapes Without Waste - Carol Brouwer · 37 EarthKindLandscaping “Beauty without waste” Water is a limited and fragile resource. Water conservation does not mean

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Page 34: Beautiful Landscapes Without Waste - Carol Brouwer · 37 EarthKindLandscaping “Beauty without waste” Water is a limited and fragile resource. Water conservation does not mean

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Page 35: Beautiful Landscapes Without Waste - Carol Brouwer · 37 EarthKindLandscaping “Beauty without waste” Water is a limited and fragile resource. Water conservation does not mean

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Page 36: Beautiful Landscapes Without Waste - Carol Brouwer · 37 EarthKindLandscaping “Beauty without waste” Water is a limited and fragile resource. Water conservation does not mean

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Page 37: Beautiful Landscapes Without Waste - Carol Brouwer · 37 EarthKindLandscaping “Beauty without waste” Water is a limited and fragile resource. Water conservation does not mean

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EarthKind Landscaping

“Beauty without waste”

Water is a limited and fragile resource. 

Water conservation does not mean cactus and rocks. 

It means common sense landscaping to protect water quality and quantity.  

5 Tip

s to Get Yo

u Starte

d

• Reduce your turf water use. 

• Minimize pesticide use.

• Fertilize only when needed.

• Don’t bag it.

• Group water loving plants together.

• Choose the right plants.

Page 38: Beautiful Landscapes Without Waste - Carol Brouwer · 37 EarthKindLandscaping “Beauty without waste” Water is a limited and fragile resource. Water conservation does not mean

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Beautiful Landscapes Without Waste

Carol Brouwer, PhDHorticulturist

http://www.flourishandbits.com