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-Bear market
a period during which people are selling shares, etc. rather
than buying, because they expect the
prices to fall OPP BULL MARKET_
-BULL MARKET: (Finance; Stock Exchange)
a long period during which the prices of shares, etc. are rising
and people are buying them:
Weve been in a 25-year bull market.
-record high: the best result or the highest level that has ever
been reached;
-the stock market: the business of buying and selling shares in
companies and the place where
this happens; a stock exchange:
The company was floatedon the stock market(= its shares were
sold to the public) in 2004. to
invest in the stock marketIt is the only company of its type to
be listed on the stock market.
Pension funds have been hit hard by falling stock markets. US
investors suffered big losses in the
stock market slump.
the stock market closes/opens the stock
marketfalls/rallies/rises a stock market
collapse/crash/slump
-change hands: change hands (also exchange hands)
to pass to a different owner:
The company has changed hands several times. The volume of trade
was high today, with
1.98 billion shares changing hands.
-speculation:
1- (Finance)
the activity of buying shares, property, goods, etc. in the hope
of making a profit when you sellthem, but with the risk of losing
money:
speculation on the currency markets There has often been a lot
of speculation in the companysshares before they announce their
results. a property speculation company The company has
lost huge amounts on currency speculation.
currency/financial/market/property speculation
2
the act of forming an opinion about something that has happened
or might happen withoutknowing all the facts:
There has been press speculation about a possible merger. The
move fuelled speculation that a
takeover is imminent. Speculation has been mounting over the
companys future. The companysshare price has slumped, prompting
speculation that it could be the target of a takeover bid.
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tofuel/increase/lead to/raise/sparkspeculation speculation
grows/increases/mounts to
dampen/dismiss/play down/quash speculation
-blue chip: chip noun [C, usually pl.]
(Stock Exchange, informal)the shares of the best-known companies
on the stock market, which are considered to be a safe
investment:
US blue chips rose 0.2% in morning trade yesterday.
blue-chip adjective [only before noun]:
blue-chip companies/shares/stocks
blue chip company also blue-chip company FINANCEa well-known,
successful company whose shares are a very safe investment :
blue chip companies like Shell, BP and Unilever, which have
well-defined, long-term
business strategies
-glut:noun [C, usually sing.]
a situation where there is a greater supply of sth than there is
demand:
Prices fell because of a glut of steel on world markets. a
global banana glut SYN
SURPLUS OPP SHORTAGE DEARTH
an inventory/supply glut
verb [+ obj] (-tt-) (usually be glutted)
to supply or provide sth, usually a market, with too much of
sth:
The market was glutted with small cars so production was shut
down. SYN SATURATE
-quota: quota /;AmE/noun [C]
1 (Economics)
the limited number or amount of people or things that is
officially allowed:
to introduce a strict import quota on grain export quotas a
quota system for greenhouse gases
to impose/introduce/lift/setquotas to increase/raise/reduce a
quota to comply with/exceedquotas
2
a fixed amount of sth that sb can receive or must do; a fixed
number of people that are expected
or needed:
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He never takes his full quota of holidays. Our sales quotas were
not met last year.Im goinghome now-Ive done my quota of work for
the day.
to impose/introduce quotas to increase/raise/reduce a quota to
achieve/fill/make/meet/reach
a quota
-tariff: (Trade)
a tax that is paid on goods coming into or going out of a
country:
New import tariffs have been imposed on a wide range of
agricultural products.High tariff
barriers protect domestic industry. Thailand has complained that
high tariffs on its tuna exports
makes it uncompetitive. The latest car industry plan includes
tariff exemptions for the local
manufacturers.
to impose/seta tariff toplace a tariffon sth to
abolish/eliminate/lifta tariff
high/low/punitive tariffs tariffbarriers/protection/walls
2 (Commerce)
a list of fixed prices that are charged by a company for a
particular service, or by a hotel or
restaurant for rooms, meals, etc:
a telephone tariff the hotels daily/weekly tariff
-warranty:
(Commerce;Law)
a written agreement in which a company selling sth promises to
repair or replace it if there is a
problem within a particular period of time:
The television comes with a full two-year warranty.Is the car
still under warranty? SYN
GUARANTEE WARRANTEE, WARRANTOR
-franchise: (Commerce) [C,U]
a right that sb buys from a company that allows them to do
particular business activities, such
as selling the companys goods and services in a particular area;
formal permission given by a
government to sb that wants to operate a public service as a
business:
They won the franchise to operate outlets in the UK. to operate
a business under franchise
In the reorganization, Southern Television lost their
franchise.
to buy/have/hold/lose/own/win a franchise to award/give sb/grant
sb/sell a franchise a
catering/fast food/rail/television franchise a franchise
business/company/operation a franchise
agreement/holder/owner
2 (Commerce) [C]
a business or service run under franchise:
The restaurant chain has 257 franchises across Europe. a burger
franchise The store has its
own designer range of mens clothing and several in-store
franchises.
3 (Marketing) [C]
the group of people within a population that buy a particular
product or service:
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The young-male franchise generally consider it to be their
brand. We needed to widen the
brands franchise.
4 (Marketing) [C]
the right to sell a particular film/movie, television show,
computer program, etc. and use the
name to market other products; the group of products that have
the name:They own the Tomb Raider franchise. a new movie in the
Harry Potter franchise
verb [+ obj]
(Commerce) (usually be franchised)
to give or sell a franchise to sb:
Catering has been franchised (out) to a private company. The
group has 9 000 franchised
restaurants.
franchising noun [U]:
They intend to expand through franchising agreements.
-dupming:
1-(Economics)
the practice of selling large amounts of goods in a particular
country at prices that are unfairly
low:
They claim the dumping of steel below the cost of production is
harming the domestic industry.
2
the act of getting rid of sth you do not want, especially
dangerous substances:
a ban on the dumping of radioactive waste at sea_
