Upload
shing-nicole
View
218
Download
4
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Â
Citation preview
1
ADVANCED MEASUREMENT AND TECHNOLOGY
STUDENT ID: W13030003
CHOOSEN STUDY BUIDLING: ELLISON BUILDING
COURSEWORK TITLE: BUILDING DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE
CRITIQUE
MODULE CODE: BE 0898
MODULE TUTOR: ALAN DAVIES
WORDS: 2562
SUBMISSION DATE: 10 FEBRUARY 2015
2
Contents
1.0 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 3
2.0 Potential of Refurbishment ............................................................................................................... 4
2.1 Boiler system ................................................................................................................................. 4
2.2 Ventilation ..................................................................................................................................... 5
2.3 Lighting .......................................................................................................................................... 6
2.4 Windows ....................................................................................................................................... 8
2.5 Solar Power ................................................................................................................................... 9
2.6 Facade ......................................................................................................................................... 10
3.0 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................................... 12
4.0 Reference ........................................................................................................................................ 13
5.0 Appendix ......................................................................................................................................... 16
Appendix 1 ........................................................................................................................................ 16
Appendix 2 ........................................................................................................................................ 18
3
1.0 Introduction Northumbria University can be count as one of the best professional universities in UK.
Northumbria University is the largest University in the North East of England. A great part in
subject areas of degrees that offers by Northumbria University which specialising in
programmes involve to arts, design and social sciences, business and law, heath and life
sciences to engineering and environment. Ellison Building is a part of Northumbria
University which will be usually use by students who study Degree in Health and life
Sciences and The Faculty of Engineering and Environment. Ellison Building can be divided
to five blocks with different function. Block A is a wet bench style labs which use for
investigating a range of environmental issues. Block B is a Virtual Reality Suite. Block C is a
special architecture studio for students of the Built an Environment to access. Block D is a
Geographical Information System computer labs and lastly Block E is a Houses facilities for
Computing, Engineering and Information Science which involving programmes that special
in industry standard engineering equipment is needed.
Ellison Building needed some refurbishment to improve its usability and environmental
performance. The benefit of refurbishment on occupied land is much more efficient compare
to replace it. Other than that, present resources can be re-using, re-cycle and re-place to slow
down global warming. In addition, refurbishment of Ellison Building helps to improve the
sustainability and cost effective way (BREEAM, 2014). When the existing structure of a
building is remaining, more energy savings will be achieved.
Figure 1: Ellison Building Block A
Source: (Shing, 2015)
4
2.0 Potential of Refurbishment
2.1 Boiler system
Ellison Building is using Gas Fired System. Previously, for a building such as school
commonly will use gas and oil as a fuel for boiler system. But at the present, electricity is
approximately to take place of gas and oil (Reid, 2013).Recently, the prices for gas has rise
and is likely to remain high due to United Kingdom (UK) is no longer self-supporting in gas.
Therefore, the growing demand from other countries will need to compete with UK
(WHICH?, 2014).
In addition, the main disadvantages of fuel-burning machine are the dangers of fire-setting.
Gas Fired system require labours to control it function. This boiler system will resulted
pollution of the atmosphere as it will produce carbon monoxide (CO) (Vlok, 1996).This
system cannot be considered as a clean source of energy because it will produce carbon
dioxide as well when it’s burned (WHICH?, 2014).Furthermore, Gas Fired system needs to
service annually to assure it can be function efficiently ( WHICH?, 2014). Gas Fired System
will only condense efficiently when average of the water returning back to the boiler is under
temperature of 55 degree Celsius. However, the benefits that provided by Gas Fired System
will be lost due to the current systems most boiler only condense at the beginning of the stage
but the return temperature is always over 55 degree Celsius (Superseal, 2014).
To improve its usability and environmental performance, Central Heating System is more
suitable for this huge building as this system is more eco-friendly compare to Gas Fired
System. The heating sources for Central Heating System can run on gas, electric energy, solar
power or oil. This system provides energy-efficient heat sources (eHow, 2014). Central
Heating System is more economical compare to Gas Fired System since this heating can
controls itself if programmed correctly. Central Heating System can be controlling with a
programmable thermostat. In all place of building, the temperature can be regulated by the
use of a thermostat. Each room have an individual thermostatic control. When a room
reaches the desired temperature, this system will automatically switch off with a thermostat
controlling the heating system. The energy costs will go down since this system is not
running all times (level, 2013).
5
2.2 Ventilation There need a refurbishment for Rutherford Hall. This hall is using mobile mechanical
ventilation. Proper ventilation is very important for students. Room temperature of a study
place is important. It will influence every student’s mood and concentration. This hall is quite
big, using mobile ventilation is not sufficient to provide proper ventilation for the students.
Rutherford Hall cans refurbishment to use mixed mode ventilation. Using mixed mode
ventilation not even can provide enough and proper ventilation for students but also achieve
to reach low energy consumption (Yannes, 2014). Mixed mode ventilation and can be known
as hybrid ventilation. Mixed mode ventilation can provide the requirement flow rate by the
natural driving force. When the natural ventilation flow rate is too low then the mechanical
ventilation will be replace it (Heiselberg & Bjorn, 2002).
The principal of mixed mode ventilation is that will take maximum advantage of environment
conditions. The special characteristic of mixed mode ventilation is limitation of temperature
during the working day. The act of both natural and mechanical ventilation will result in
energy savings. The use of windows to provide natural ventilation thus the mechanical
ventilation can be reducing of using it. Hence, the energy cost will reduce as well (Croome,
2002).
Case Study: Swiss Re Tower
The Swiss Re Tower is known as a 40-storey office, 180m tall and designed by Foster and
Partners. Swiss Re Tower is located at 30 St Mary Axe in the centre of London. The concept
of this building is to take advantage of combination of building structure and building
services within the architectural design. This building is using mixed mode ventilation
(Mumovic and Santamouris, 2013).
Figure 2: Mobile Mechanical Ventilation used in Rutherford Hall
Source: (Shing, 2015)
6
2.3 Lighting Carefully choosing the correct lighting system to achieve a quality lighting environment plus
satisfy both performance and aesthetics needs. To provide comfortable and visually
interesting environment for the students, high quality energy efficient lighting systems that
take advantages of both the natural and electric sources is a must. The lighting system that
used in Rutherford Hall need to refurbishes from fluorescent up and down luminaries to curve
luminaries. Rutherford Hall is using natural lighting system as well. Even though fluorescent
tubes have fantastic longer lifespan but it will dramatically cut the lifespan of the bulb if the
lights are regularly switch on and off since this is a study area, there will be a lot of students
using the hall for seminars and exams. This can be resulted to cost more money in long run
(Fluorescent Strip, 2012).
The main disadvantage of fluorescent lamps is the lamp size. Because of the large size,
storage, handling and relamping will be a problem. Fluorescent lighting may be dimmed thus
is not suitable for study and exam hall (Bradshaw, 2010).A further disadvantage for this type
of lighting is that they can be influence to health and safety problem. Fluorescent tubes will
produce tin amounts of mercury which is very hazardous if the tube is broken (Fluorescent
Strip, 2012). Curve luminaries are to be refurbishment to this hall is because curve luminaries
can give out the light at more angle compare to fluorescent lamps. Curve luminaries are more
flexibility of workplace position but fluorescent lamps are lack of personal control over
lighting ( Rostron, 2005).
Figure 3: Fluorescent up and down lighting used in Rutherford Hall
Source: (Shing, 2015)
7
Other than that, Castles Restaurant need to refurbishment from incandescent lamps to
fluorescent lamps. Incandescent lamp has shorter life span and low energy efficiency. To
achieve the usability and environmental performance, fluorescent lamp can be use in Castles
Restaurant. The advantage of fluorescent lamp is they have a longer life span because keep
switching on and off is unnecessary as it use in a restaurant. Another advantage is fluorescent
lamp produce less heat compare with other types of lights, thus this mean that is more
suitable to use in a cafe as it give more comfortable for the students to enjoy their meals
(Fluorescent Strip, 2012).
Figure 4: Incandescent lighting used in Castle’s Restaurant
Source: (Shing, 2015)
8
2.4 Windows The whole Ellison Building is using Single glazing windows and need to refurbish to Double
glazing windows. Double glazing windows have dramatic effect on energy cost savings. Up
to 50% of heat lost can be reducing by using Double glazing windows. Particularly, a study
area with large windows, the changing of temperature will be easier to be notice (Home
Improvement, 2014). Double glazing windows provide airtight construction, this can give off
less flow of incoming and outgoing heat. As result, the cost of energy to heat up or cool down
the space will be reducing (Replacement Windows For Dummies, 2011).
Furthermore, single glazing windows normally not good in insulation. Noise level from
outside will be noticeable, thus will influence student concentration on their study (Home
Heating Guide, 2014). Double glazing windows made up of two panels of glass which will be
construct between the outer and inner of the frame. Normally, the Argon gas will fill at the
void of these two glass panels. The Argon gas can be acts as an insulator of noise and heat,
hence creating barrier between the study area and environment outside (Replacement
Windows For Dummies, 2011).
Double glazing window is tougher to break compare with single glazing window, thus this
can increase the security of the school. They are tougher to be open from the outside because
they are sealed tighter compare with single glazing window (Home Heating Guide, 2014).
Besides, Double glazing windows can help reducing the sun and heat entering the room,
which means that its help to decreasing the damaging of furniture, carpet and computer by
sun outside (Replacement Windows For Dummies, 2011).
There are some disadvantages of using Double glazing window which can be turn to
advantages to Ellison Building. Double glazing windows will trap heat. Because Newcastle
would not be too hot even during summer time, thus these types of windows would not affect
outside (Replacement Windows For Dummies, 2011). There might be not a good match for
older building due to Double glazing windows are modern looking but this would not effect
to the Ellison Building as well but in return, after refurbishment, Ellison Building will be
appear to a modern building appearance indeed (Replacement Windows For Dummies,
2011).
Case Study: Senate House, University of London.
Senate House is the oldest and largest in the UK. Previously, it was designed as the
administrative headquarters of the University. Today the building was designed by Charles
Holden. In 21st century, Senate House which made up of a central tower and two adjoining
wings is being refurbished. The existing Crittal Windows have been changed to double
glazing windows to provide insulation zone (SEH, 2014). Please refer to Appendix 1 for
further details.
9
Figure 5: Single Glazing Window used in Block A
Source: (Shing, 2015)
2.5 Solar Power To achieve the environmental performance, solar panel will be installing on the roof of
Ellison Building. Nowadays, global warming is a critical problem around the world. Thus,
one of the most important solutions for this problem is using solar power. With using solar
power, society can saves billions or trillions of pounds. Global warming has been a
threatened to the society. If global warming is left unabated, this will cost society trillions of
pounds. The using of solar power can help to fight the global warming will likely to save
billion or even trillion of pounds (Clean Technica, 2013).
Solar power is sustainable and even renewable. They will ever run out of it. Solar power is a
natural source to generate electricity. There is totally a silent produce of energy that using
photovoltaic panel to convert sunlight into usable electricity. Solar electricity power plants
would not give out any emissions during the operation, this means that solar power would not
cause any pollution (Ryan, 2009).
Solar power can save money even the installation of solar panel might be expensive. Solar
power is a long term investment. But there are continual advancements in solar panel
technology, this can help to increasing the efficiency and lowering the cost of production.
Hence, this will make it more cost savings (Greenough River Solar Farm, 2014).
Case study: New Campus, University of Nottingham, UK
10
In year 1998, Michael Hopkins and Partners prepares a master plan for a 6-hectare expansion
of the University of Nottingham. University of Nottingham is providing heating through
passive solar gain. This project is particularly on green principles (Edwards, 2014).
2.6 Facade Ellison Building can be considered as a huge old building. The major key to reducing the
carbon footprint and improving environmental performance is to refurbishment the building.
Facade change can be advantages to society as well. Aluminium rainscreen cladding will be
added to the whole Ellison Building to achieve for modern appearance. Aluminium
rainscreen cladding would be the ideal choice for Ellison Building because of its usability.
Aluminium rainscreen cladding is available in a variety of range of metallic and powder
coated colours (Vivalda, 2013). Aluminium is considered as a lightweight material.
Aluminium is 66% lighter compare with steel (Rathi and Amrutvahini, 2013).Aluminium can
be designed a variety of shapes because it is flexible (Eaglewindow, 2014).
Aluminium cladding is functional with unlimited coloured and design. It can give a good
protection to any project (Vivalda, 2013). Aluminium cladding is durability and is naturally
oxidise when exposed to air. Because of it oxidization process on the aluminium surface,
aluminium is excellent in corrosion resistance (Europe Aluminium Association, no date).
Aluminium is durable because it is made up from alloys. An alloy is resistant to corrosion,
weather and UV rays (Rathi and Amrutvahini, 2013).Aluminium cladding is strong and low
maintenance (Sorba, 2015). It is very easy to clean (Proteus, 2015) and easy to install (Bailey,
2014). Aluminium rainscreen cladding has a design life more than 40 years (bdonline.co.uk,
2013).
Case study: The University of Liverpool.
Aluminium rainscreen cladding was used for Ronald Ross Bio-Science building at the
University of Liverpool. This highly engineered facade has met the requirement for excellent
air tightness (Eltherington, no date). Please refer to Appendix 1 for further details.
11
Figure 6: Existing old building of Ellison Building Block E
Source: (Shing, 2015)
Figure 7: Ronald Ross Bio-Science building at the University of Liverpool
Source: (Eltherington, no date)
12
3.0 Conclusion The refurbishment of Ellison Building is a key resource which is important to the
achievement of the Northumbria University’s academic success. A great planning for
refurbishment of existing building will achieve a greater efficiencies and an increase of
satisfactory to Ellison Building of providing improvement in it usability and environmental
performance. This report introduced of using of Central heating system is the most
economical and best way to heating up a large building like Ellison Building. Proper
ventilation that provided for the students to helping them learns better. Mixed mode
ventilation let the room temperature to be average, without too cold or too warm. Appropriate
lighting amount to provide is an important source for students to concentrate in their study.
To achieve energy and cost saving, refurbishment to double glazing window is the most
appropriate way. Even thought the solar PV panels are expensive but, solar power are long
terms invest. With proper planning and use of solar power, can attain saving of money. New
facade with using aluminium rainscreen cladding will produce a fresh modern look to fit in
21st Century. Hence, a necessary refurbishment for an existing building like Ellison Building
is a must to achieve a more sustainability and a better environmental performance.
13
4.0 Reference 1. Arch-online (2015) Toilets for Disabled: Disabled Toilets Access Regulations.
Available at: http://arch-online.org/toilets-for-disabled-disabled-toilets-access-
regulations.htm(Accessed: 10 November 2014).
2. Atkison, J. (ed.) (2009) Natural Ventilation for Infection Control in Health-care
Settings. World Health Organization.
3. Bailey (2014) Rainscreen Cladding. Available at: http://www.bailey-
uk.com/building-envelope/facade-systems/rainscreen-cladding/ (Accessed: 20 January
2015).
4. bdonline.co.uk (2013) Rainscreen Cladding. Available at:
http://www.bdonline.co.uk/cpd-8-2013-rainscreen-cladding/5052281.article
(Accessed: 23 January 2015).
5. Bradshaw, V. (2010) The Building Environment: Active And Passive Control Systems.
3rd
edn. John Wiley & Sons.
6. BREEAM (2014) BREEAM UK Domestic Refurbishment. Available at:
http://www.breeam.org/page.jsp?id=228(Accessed: 30 October 2014).
7. Clean Technica (2013) Advantages & Disadvantages Of Solar Power. Available at:
http://cleantechnica.com/2013/10/08/advantages-disadvantages-solar-power/
(Accessed: 25 November 2014).
8. Croome, D.C. (ed.) (2002) Naturally Ventilated Buildings: Building for the Senses,
the Economy And Society. Routledge.
9. Eaglewindow (2014) Made Strong. Available at:
http://www.eaglewindow.com/About-Us/Made-Strong.aspx (Accessed: 14 December
2014).
10. Edwards, B. (2014) University Architecture. Taylor & Francis.
11. eHow (2014) The Advantages of Central Heating Systems. Available
at:http://www.ehow.com/info_8124673_advantages-central-heating-
systems.html(Accessed: 6 November 2014).
12. Eltherington (no date) The University of Liverpool. Available at:
http://www.eltherington.co.uk/university-of-liverpool-case-study.html (Accessed: 28
January 2015).
13. Europe Aluminium Association (no date) Sustainability of Aluminium in Buildings.
Available at:
http://www.alucobond.com/uploads/media/3A_Sustainability_of_Aluminium_in_Buil
dings.pdf (Accessed: 15 December 2014).
14. Fluorescent Strip (2012) Advantages And Disadvantages for Fluorescent Tubes.
Available at: http://fluorescentstrip.blogspot.co.uk/2012/01/advantages-and-
disadvantages-for_2293.html(Accessed: 12 November 2014).
15. Greenough River Solar Farm (2014) Benefits of Solar Energy. Available at:
http://www.greenoughsolarfarm.com.au/solar-energy/benefits-solar-energy
(Accessed: 29 November 2014).
14
16. Home Heating Guide (2014) Double Glazing - Is It Really Worth It?. Available
at:http://www.homeheatingguide.co.uk/double-glazing.html (Accessed: 20 November
2014).
17. Home Improvement (2014) Why Choose Double Glazing Over Single-Glazed
Windows?. Available at: http://coolshire.com/why-choose-double-glazing-over-
single-glazed-windows/ . (Accessed: 13 November 2014).
18. level (2013) Central heating systems. Available at:
http://www.level.org.nz/energy/space-heating/central-heating-systems/(Accessed: 6
November 2014).
19. Mumovic, D. and Santamouris, M. (2013) A Handbook of Sustainable Building
Design and Engineering: "An Integrated Approach to Energy, Health and
Operational Performance". Routledge.
20. Proteus (2015) Aluminium. Availble at:
http://www.kmearchitectural.com/materials.php (Accessed: 18 January 2015).
21. Rathi, M.K. and Amrutvahini, A.K. (2013) Use of Aluminium In Building
Construction. Available at: http://www.engineeringcivil.com/use-of-aluminium-in-
building-construction.html (Accessed: 12 December 2014).
22. Reid, E. (2013) Understanding Buildings a Multidisciplinary Approach. Routledge.
23. Replacement Windows For Dummies (2011) Double Glazed Windows: Advantages
And Disadvantages. Available at:
http://www.replacementwindowsfordummies.com/articles/double-glazed-windows-
advantages-and-disadvantages(Accessed: 15 November 2014).
24. Rostron, J. (ed.) (2005) Sick Building Syndrome: Concepts, Issues and Practice.
Routledge.
25. Ryan, V. (2009) Advantages And Disadvantages Of Solar. Available at:
http://www.technologystudent.com/energy1/solar7.htm (Accessed: 27 November
2014).
26. SEH (2014) Case Studies University of London. Available at:
http://www.sehcommercial.co.uk/case-study/university-of-london/ (Accessed: 4
December 2014).
27. Sorba (2015) Aluminium: More than Environmental Friendly. Available at:
http://www.sorba.co.uk/en/facades/aluminium-cladding/ (Accessed: 16 January
2015).
28. Superseal (2014) Central Heating Management System. Available at:
http://www.supersealltd.co.uk/central-heating-management-system/(Accessed: 4
November 2014).
29. University of Bedfordshire (2014) General Facilities and Support. Available at:
http://www.beds.ac.uk/student-experience2/studying-at-bedfordshire/student-
support/disabilities2/general-facilities-and-support (Accessed: 1 December 2014).
30. Volk, M.E. (1996) Manual of Community Nursing and Communicable Diseases: A
Textbook for South African Student. Juta and Company Ltd.
31. Vivalda (2013) Aluminium Cladding. Available at:
http://www.vivalda.co.uk/decorative-cladding/aluminium-cladding.html (Accessed:
10 Decemebr 2014).
15
32. WHICH? (2014) Home heating systems. Available at:
http://www.which.co.uk/energy/creating-an-energy-saving-home/guides/home-
heating-systems/gas-central-heating/
(Accessed: 2 November 2014).
33. Yannes, S. (ed.) (2014) Environmentally Friendly Cities: Proceedings of Plea 1998,
Passive and Low Energy Architecture, 1998, Lisbon, Portugal, June 1998. Routledge.
16
5.0 Appendix
Appendix 1
University of London
SEH Commercial, the property improvement expert, is part-way through an installation of
bespoke secondary double glazing (SDG) units in the University of London’s Grade 2* listed
Senate House as part of a major refurbishment project.
Senate House, when it opened in 1936, was designed as the administrative headquarters of
the University, one of the oldest, largest and most diverse in the UK. Today the building,
designed by Charles Holden, houses a number of the University’s Central Academic Bodies
and Activities including the office of the Vice-Chancellor, the University of London
Computer Centre, the School of Advanced Study and Senate House Library, with a collection
of over 2 million items.
Senate House, which consists of a central tower and two adjoining wings, is being
refurbished, rewired and restored to create a building fit for purpose in the 21st century. As it
was not possible to change the existing Crittal Window designed fenestration, SDG – an
independent frame located internally from the main window with an air gap between the two
to provide the insulation zone – was the only possible solution. However, the task was made
more difficult as the listed-building status required that any secondary glazing was not visible
from outside.
SEH Commercial’s technical team, after surveying the site, set to work on producing an
appropriate design. Working with supplier Arc Aluminium’s EcoFit aluminium product, SEH
Commercial created a bespoke prototype which was installed at Senate House for acceptance.
Once approved, SEH Commercial scheduled a programme of works to install SDG
throughout to ensure minimal disruption to the building’s occupants.
Mick Kyprianou, contract manager for SEH Commercial, explains some of the task: “A large
proportion of the building consists of library space. This poses obvious challenges in terms of
noise and, with many of them having split-level galleries with tall runs of glazing, we had to
maintain the Company’s strict health and safety criteria to protect our installers and users of
the libraries.”
17
SEH Commercial designed a schedule of weekend work and began the installation of
horizontal sliding secondary glazing and vertical sliding windows throughout the building
with three teams of installers. The first phase was completed, with no complaints, in just less
than five months.
Duncan Clough is the University of London’s senior project manager and responsible for
overseeing the refurbishment works on the building: “We had over 700 windows included in
the South Block, first phase of the project. From start to finish the SEH Commercial team has
been extremely professional. The team leader has managed the installers and schedules well.
The improvements on the noise levels are really noticeable and the completed block is
noticeably warmer.”
18
Appendix 2
Case studies // Solutions // Rainscreen Cladding
Eltherington supplied aluminium rainscreen cladding and extrusions for the state-of-the-art
Ronald Ross Bio-Science building at the University of Liverpool. This prestigious building is
named after Ronald Ross, the academic who discovered the link between malaria and
mosquitoes.
This new facility houses the accommodation currently embedded in the Royal Liverpool
University Hospital. Phase 1 provides laboratory accommodation (containment level 2 and
3), write up areas and offices. Phase II will accommodate the remaining university space
from the existing Hospital site
The building design has incorporated many energy saving features including:
A commitment to BREEAMM
Energy efficient infrastructure for heating and cooling
High frequency lighting with daylight detection
Connection to the university electrical and district heating infra-structure
Thermal capture from mechanical exhaust
Air tight construction
Super insulated
High efficiency boilers