Be Outraged: There are alternatives

7/31/2019 Be Outraged: There are alternatives

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{gkd`cct |{l|c5

` hl{x~|kxdql hlod`c g gvvg~x|odxdl{ g~

j`dodoj lrvl~dlokl# kgohlokl òh {lc)

~l{vlkx l{vlkd`cct g~ tg|oj vlgvcl `x xbl

l`~ct {x`jl{ g cdl/

Bdjb |olivcgtilox d{ `c{g ` {g|~kl g ~|{x~`xdgo

zbdkb ièl{ qdgclox kgodkx ig~l cdelct# zdxb dx{

kgo{lp|lox bdjb b|iò òh lkgogidk kg{x{# `{ {llo do

xbl c`{x tl`~ g~ xzg do ngxb hlqlcgvdoj òh hlqlcgvlh

kg|ox~dl{/

Xl{l `~l xbl ~l`{go{ zbt xbl hlqlcgvlh kg|ox~dl{

elvx |olivcgtilox `x cgz clqlc{ do xbl vg{x)z`~ l~` `{ `



N L G \ ^ @ J L H > 6

i`xxl~ g o`xdgo`c lkgogidk v~dg~dxt/ Xlt b`h cl`~ox ~gixbl 04;6{ ̀ oh hdho—x zòx xg ~lvl`x xbl lrvl~dlokl/ Ag~ ><

tl`~{# {|kb |cc livcgtilox vgcdkdl{ ̀ kbdlqlh kgo{dhl~`ncl

{|kkl{{= ~gi 04<6):;# `ql~`jl |olivcgtilox z`{ zlcc

|ohl~ ;, do xbl \E òh `k~g{{ L|~gvl/

N|x `{ xbl{l vgcdkdl{ ~lkldqlh cl{{ v~dg~dxt#

|olivcgtilox ~g{l/ O`xdgo`c òh doxl~o`xdgo`c vgcdkt {bdlh lql~ |~xbl~ xgz`~h{ ~ll i`~elx vgcdkdl{ ‛ òh

|olivcgtilox do L|~gvl ~g{l xg ò `ql~`jl g 1, ~gi

04:8)2;/; Gql~ xbl 0426{# jcgn`cd{`xdgo òh xbl {bd{ xg

oòkd`c hgidoòkl do xbl v~gkl{{ g jcgn`cd{`xdgo clh

xg |~xbl~ dok~l`{l{ do |olivcgtilox xg ò `ql~`jl g

4/>, gql~ 0428)4;/

Xl o`x|~l g zg~e `c{g kbòjlh/ Xl~l z`{ ig~l

lrdncl livcgtilox òh cl{{ mgn {lk|~dxt do hlqlcgvlh

kg|ox~dl{ òh j~gzdoj o|inl~{ òh {b`~l{ g

livcgtilox do xbl dog~i`c {lkxg~ do iòt hlqlcgvdoj

kg|ox~dl{/ Do xbl ig~l htoìdk lil~jdoj kg|ox~dl{#

livcgtilox b`{ j~gzo do xbl g~i`c {lkxg~# n|x {g b`{

z`jl dolp|`cdxt òh livcgtilox do{lk|~dxt/

Adoòkd`c jcgn`cd{`xdgo b`{ j~gzo do {x~lojxb òh

do|lokl do xbl c`{x >6 tl`~{# lokg|~`jlh nt cdnl~`cd{`xdgo

g xbl nòedoj {t{xli do iòt hlqlcgvlh kg|ox~dl{

òh lrxl~o`c k`vdx`c i`~elx cdnl~`cd{`xdgo do hlqlcgvdoj

kg|ox~dl{# |ohl~ v~l{{|~l ~gi xbl N~lxxgo Zggh{

do{xdx|xdgo{/ Ngxb g~kl{ b`ql ~l{|cxlh do {dr x~loh{

do zg~chzdhl c`ng|~ i`~elx{= hlkcdodoj c`ng|~)g~kl



N L G \ ^ @ J L H > 0

v`~xdkdv`xdgo# l{vlkd`cct ìgoj tg|oj vlgvcl n|x `c{gilo òh zgilo5 dok~l`{l{ do livcgtilox do {l~qdkl{5 `

bdjb òh glo j~gzdoj {b`~l g zg~el~{ do xbl dog~i`c

lkgogit5 bdjb òh glo j~gzdoj clqlc{ g tg|xb

|olivcgtilox5 hlkcdodoj {b`~l{ g z`jl{ do xbl o`xdgo`c

dokgil5 òh dok~l`{doj dolp|`cdxt g z`jl{ òh dokgil{/

Xl{l xlohlokdl{ b`ql ̀ c{g k~l`xlh ̀ jlol~`c {dx|`xdgog dok~l`{lh –v~lk`~d{`xdgo’# do zbdkb ig~l òh ig~l

zg~el~{ òh xbld~ ìdcdl{ do `cc v`~x{ g xbl zg~ch `~l

cdqdoj –go xbl lhjl’# do lql~ ig~l v~lk`~dg|{ {dx|`xdgo{/

Xl lkgogidk k~d{d{ g >662 `hhlh xg xbl{l v~l{{|~l{

go vlgvcl òh c`ng|~ i`~elx{/ @{ do l`~cdl~ k~d{l{#

livcgtilox hdh ogx ~lkgql~ `{ ~`vdhct `{ hdh JHV

j~gzxb do >664 òh >606/ N|x {vlkd`c xg xbl >662 k~d{d{

z`{ xbl `kx xb`x iòt zg~el~{ do xbl {g|xb `{ zlcc

`{ xbl og~xb {|l~lh ~`xbl~ xbò nlolxlh ~gi xbl

–n|nncl{’ do xbl bg|{doj i`~elx g~ xbl oòkd`c {lkxg~/

`ncl 08 {|ii`~d{l{ xbl hdl~lox zg~ch)zdhl

~lvl~k|{{dgo{ g xbl{l kbòjl{/ Gzol~{ g k`vdx`c j`dolh

do xbl ~|o)|v xg k~d{d{ òh# xg ` cl{{l~ lrxlox# {g hdh

{edcclh zg~el~{# l{vlkd`cct do hlqlcgvlh òh lil~jdoj

kg|ox~dl{/ Xl j~g|v{ zbdkb cg{x gql~ xbd{ vl~dgh zl~l

|o{edcclh zg~el~{# vl`{òx{ òh gxbl~ ~|~`c zg~el~{#

lrklvx do xbg{l lil~jdoj kg|ox~dl{ zbg{l lkgogidl{

zl~l j~gzdoj ql~t ~`vdhct/

Xl >662 k~d{d{ kbòjlh `cc xbd{/ @cig{x `cc j~g|v{

zl~l bdx zdxb xbl lrklvxdgo g xbl k`vdx`c gzol~{ do



N L G \ ^ @ J L H > >

V ~ l ) k ~ d { d {

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7 7 7 7

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[ e d c c l h z g~ e l ~ {

\o { e d c c l h z g~ e l ~ {

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7 7 7 7

V g g~ h l q l c g vd o j k g

|o x ~ d l {

K ` vd x ` c g zo l ~ {

[ e d c c l h z g~ e l ~ {

\o { e d c c l h z g~ e l ~ {

L r k c | h l h

Á

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7 7 7 7

X ` n c l 0 /L

a l k x { g o q ` ~ d g | { { g k d g l k g o g i d k j ~ g | v { d o

h d a l ~ l o x k g | o x ~ d l {



N L G \ ^ @ J L H > ;

xbl lil~jdoj kg|ox~dl{ ‛ xbg|jb lqlo do xbd{ k`{l#{gil gzol~{ g k`vdx`c cg{x g|x/ N|x xbl{l cg{{l{ zl~l

ig{xct cdidxlh xg >662)4# `l~ zbdkb `cig{x `cc j~g|v{

~lkgql~lh òh j`dolh {gilzb`x ~gi xbl vg{x)k~d{d{

{xdi|c|{/ Bgzlql~# xbd{ {xdi|c|{ z`{ {|{x`dolh g~

goct ` tl`~ g~ {g# òh xlohlh xg gk|{ i`doct go {lkxg~{

livcgtdoj i`doct ilo# {|kb `{ kgo{x~|kxdgo òh k`~{#òh z`{ gccgzlh do >600 nt ` vl~dgh g {k`c `|{xl~dxt/

V~lhdkx`nct# ig{x j~g|v{ xblo lrvl~dloklh {lql~l

{lxn`ke{# lrklvx gzol~{ g k`vdx`c òh# do lil~jdoj

kg|ox~dl{# {edcclh zg~el~{# xbg|jb lqlo xbld~ j`do{ b`ql

nllo i|kb cl{{ xbò l`~cdl~/

\o{edcclh zg~el~{ òh xbld~ ìdcdl{ b`ql nllo b|~x

xb~ll xdil{ nt xbd{ {lp|lokl=

) xblt zl~l cl nlbdoh do xbl ~|o)|v xg xbl k~d{d{

) xblt zl~l {lql~lct `lkxlh h|~doj xbl k~d{d{

) xblt `~l ogz {|l~doj ~gi xbl {b`~v ~lh|kxdgo{ do

jgql~oilox lrvlohdx|~l# ~gi xbl kgo{lp|lokl g xbl

dok~l`{l{ do v|ncdk hlnx " zbdkb zl~l xg ` c`~jl lrxlox

k~l`xlh nt n`dcdoj g|x xbl nòe{$ òh ~gi ~lh|klh

lkgogidk j~gzxb/

Xl ~{x vb`{l g {xdi|c|{ òh ~lkgql~t hdh

b`ql vg{dxdql llkx{# zbdkb {bg|ch ogx nl djog~lh g~

|ohl~vc`tlh/ Jgql~oilox{ xgge `kxdgo# o`xdgo`cct òh

doxl~o`xdgo`cct# i|kb nlxxl~ xbò h|~doj xbl k~d{d{ g xbl



N L G \ ^ @ J L H > 8

04;6{/ Xl {xdi|c|{ `hhlh xg hliòh ` xgx`c g `ng|x0/:, g zg~ch JHV</ Nòe{ zl~l i`{{dqlct n`dclh g|x#

kg{xdoj L|~gvl ̀ oh xbl \[ ̀ o ̀ ig|ox lp|`c xg gol){drxb

g zg~ch JHV/ Ig~l vg{dxdqlct# o`xdgo`c# ~ljdgo`c òh

i|cxdc`xl~`c hlqlcgvilox nòe{ {b`~vct dok~l`{lh xbld~

cgò{/

Bgzlql~ xbd{ {xdi|c|{ z`{ ogx i`dox`dolh ‛` ~{x`dc|~l/ Dx z`{ ogx n`kelh |v zdxb il`{|~l{ xg gql~b`|c

nòe ~lj|c`xdgo òh kgox~gc ‛` {lkgoh `dc|~l/ @oh

goct cdidxlh `kxdgo{ zl~l xèlo xg x`kecl xbl hòjl~g|{

`kkgivòtdoj x~loh{ g oòkd`c jcgn`cd{`xdgo# j~gzdoj

dolp|`cdxt òh ‒v~lk`~d{`xdgo— do xbl c`ng|~ i`~elx ‛ `

xbd~h `dc|~l/ Xl `kx xb`x zgilo òh k`~l zl~l b`~hct

kgo{dhl~lh# d `x `cc# z`{ tlx ògxbl~ `dc|~l/

Ngch òh ig~l kgiv~lblo{dql il`{|~l{ {bg|ch

b`ql nllo xèlo ‛ n|x zl~l ogx# `x cl`{x ogx do L|~gvl

òh xbl \[/ Ig{x jgql~oilox{ {bdlh `z`t ~gi {vlkd`c

il`{|~l{ xg `xxlo|`xl xbl kgo{lp|lokl{ g xbl k~d{d{ go

c`ng|~/ Kg)g~hdo`xlh nt xbl doxl~o`xdgo`c g~jòd{`xdgo{

do xbl >662 k~d{d{# jgql~oilox{ `kxlh `{ ` nòel~ g

c`{x ~l{g~x ‛ n|x ogx `{ ò livcgtl~ g c`{x ~l{g~x g~

v~gxlkxdoj zg~el~{ òh {xdi|c`xdoj livcgtilox/ Do

xbd{ ~l{vlkx# xbl x~l`xilox g c`ng|~ z`{ xgx`cct hdl~lox

~gi xbl x~l`xilox g oòkl òh k`vdx`c/ Xl nòe{

j`dolh n|x xbl vlgvcl {|l~lh/ Ig~l {l~dg|{# xbl c`ke

g n~g`hl~ `kxdgo ilòx xb`x xbl k~d{d{ {xdcc kgoxdo|l{/

Xl {lql~l òh kgoxdo|doj v~gncli{ zdxb xbl



N L G \ ^ @ J L H > <

v|ncdk hlnx do xbl \E òh zdxb L|~g)hlnx do xbl L|~g)~ljdgo |ohl~{kg~l xbd{ {dx|`xdgo/ Do{xl`h g {|vvg~xdoj

il`{|~l{ hd~lkxlh xgz`~h{ bdjbl~ j~gzxb òh ig~l

livcgtilox go ` x~`mlkxg~t zbdkb zg|ch ~lh|kl v|ncdk

hlnx)JHV ~`xdg{# jgql~oilox{ `~l {c`{bdoj v|ncdk

lrvlohdx|~l/ Xd{ do x|~o d{ {cgzdoj j~gzxb òh ièdoj

dx lql~ ig~l hdk|cx# d ogx ol`~ct divg{{dncl# xg ~lh|klv|ncdk hlnx)JHV ~`xdg{/ L|~gvl d{ dok~l`{dojct k`|jbx

do ` –Og)j~gzxb# Cgz)j~gzxb’ x~`v zbl~lnt xbl {k~lz{

g `|{xl~dxt `~l xdjbxlolh zbdcl ~lh|kxdgo{ g hlnx òh

hlkdx{ v~gkllh lql~ ig~l {cgzct# d `x `cc/ Xd{ d{ n`h

lkgogidk{# n`h `~dxbilxdk òh nc`xòxct djog~l{ xbl

cl{{go{ g bd{xg~t/

Livcgtilox= v~dg~dxdl{ g~ `kxdgo

0/ Livcgtilox k~l`xdgo# l{vlkd`cct g~ tg|xb# {bg|ch

nl i`hl ` xgv v~dg~dxt g i`k~g)lkgogidk vgcdkt g~

~lkgql~t# ogx cl `{ ` nt)v~gh|kx g ~lqdqdoj lkgogidk

j~gzxb5 ` elt {gc|xdgo xg xbl k|~~lox mgn{ k~d{d{ `~l

lrvò{dgo`~t {k`c vgcdkdl{# ogx `|{xl~dxt5

>/ @ x`~jlx g~ livcgtilox k~l`xdgo {bg|ch nl {lx# cdoelh

xg ` x`~jlx g~ ~lh|kdoj xbl o|inl~ g |olivcgtlh

òh xbl ~`xl g |olivcgtilox/ Ag~ xbl ilhd|i ~|o# `

x`~jlx g <, |olivcgtilox `{ ` i`rdi|i zg|ch {lli

~l`{go`ncl ‛ xbl clqlc do L|~gvl g ql tl`~{ `jg/ Do xbl

\[# |olivcgtilox d{ {xdcc bdjb `x 2/<,# xbg|jb hgzo



N L G \ ^ @ J L H > 1

~gi 4/<, ` tl`~ `jg/ Xl~l {bg|ch nl ` {lv`~`xl x`~jlxg~ tg|xb |olivcgtilox

;/ @kxdgo xgz`~h{ livcgtilox k~l`xdgo {bg|ch xèl

xb~ll g~i{=

`$ xbl `hgvxdgo g dokloxdql{ òhhd~lkxdql{ xg dok~l`{l livcgtilox ngxb do

xbl v|ncdk òh do xbl v~dq`xl {lkxg~{

n$ ngg{xdoj v~gh|kxdgo do livcgtilox)

doxlo{dql doh|{x~dl{ òh {l~qdkl{# ngxb

v~dq`xl òh v|ncdk# l{vlkd`cct do {i`cc

loxl~v~d{l{ òh do bl`cxb òh k`~l5

k$ xbl `hgvxdgo g {vlkd`c {bg~x xg

ilhd|i)~|o v~gj~ìil{ g~ xbl

lrvò{dgo g livcgtilox/ Xl olx kg{x g

xbl{l {bg|ch nl k`ck|c`xlh# xèdoj `kkg|ox

g xbl {`qdoj{ xb`x zg|ch nl i`hl do

|olivcgtilox òh gxbl~ nlolx{/

8/ Mgn k~l`xdgo ollh{ xg nl ` v~dg~dxt n|x dx i|{x doqgcql

xbl k~l`xdgo g hlklox mgn{ xb`x `ccgz vlgvcl xg l`~o `

cdqdoj zdxb hdjodxt òh |ccilox g xbld~ ~djbx{ `x zg~e

`{ zlcc `{ xbld~ ~djbx xg zg~e òh xg kgindol l`~odoj

` cdqdoj zdxb ~l{vgo{dndcdxdl{ g~ k`~l g kbdch~lo# {dke

vlgvcl# òh ~`dc lchl~ct vlgvcl/



N L G \ ^ @ J L H > :

Ngr 8/0 Livcgtilox vgcdkdl{ do gxbl~ kg|ox~dl{=

DOHD@ Do >66< Dohd` dox~gh|klh ` O`xdgo`c ^|~`c

Livcgtilox J|`~òxll @kx "O^LJ@$# loxdxcdoj

l`kb ~|~`c Dohdò bg|{lbgch xg gol b|oh~lh h`t{ g

|o{edcclh zg~e vl~ tl`~ go v|ncdk zg~e {kblil{/ Xl

{kblil h~`z{ do v`~x go lrvl~dlokl do xbl I`b`~`{bx~`Livcgtilox J|`~òxll [kblil zbdkb b`{ ~|o

{|kkl{{|cct {dokl 0426/ @cxbg|jb gvvg{lh nt {k`c

kgo{l~q`xdql{# xbl O`xdgo`c {kblil d{ do ̀ kkg~h zdxb xbl

~djbx{ n`{lh ̀ jloh` g xbl Dohdò [|v~lil Kg|~x òh d{

j`xbl~doj dok~l`{doj {|vvg~x/ g h`xl# xbl O^LJ@ b`{

jlol~`xlh `~g|oh 06 ndccdgo h`t{ g zg~e `x idodi|i

z`jl{# òh :6, g xgx`c lrvlohdx|~l go xbl {kblil d{

go z`jl{/ Ol`~ct <6, g xbl zg~el~{ b`ql nllo zgilo/

KG[@ ^DK@ dox~gh|klh vgcdkdl{ g {xdi|c|{ gk|{lh

go tg|xb/ Xd{ doqgcqlh lrvò{dgo g {lkgoh`~t

lh|k`xdgo òh {vlkd`c dokloxdql{ xg ellv v|vdc{

~gi vgg~l~ ìdcdl{ do {lkgoh`~t {kbggc/ Igxbl~{g vgg~l~ ìdcdl{ ~lkldqlh k`{b j~òx{ l`kb igoxb

g~ l`kb kbdch ~li`dodoj do {lkgoh`~t {kbggc/ [gil

0:2#666 `~l {xdcc ~lkldqdoj xbd{/ Lqlo xbg|jb xbl

jgql~oilox hlkdx b`{ v|x v|ncdk lrvlohdx|~l |ohl~

v~l{{|~l# xbd{ v~gj~ìil b`{ nllo i`dox`dolh/

DO B@DC@OH# {vlkd`c olz v~gj~ìil{ g~ tg|xb

zl~l hlqd{lh `{ v`~x g xbl {xdi|c|{# v~gqdhdoj x~`dodoj



N L G \ ^ @ J L H > 2

go {lxxdoj |v gol—{ gzo n|{dol{{ òh lox~lv~lol|~{bdv

òh nldoj ~l`ht xg hg xbd{ zblo jlol~`c lkgogidk

~lkgql~t nljò/

DO OLV@C# gccgzdoj xbl loh g kgodkx# xbl

jgql~oilox dodxd`xlh ò livcgtilox {kblil g~ xblzg~{x `lkxlh hd{x~dkx{# zbdkb z`{ xèlo |v nt xbl

Zg~ch Nòe òh nt \[@DH# lqlox|`cct k~l`xdoj {gil

zg~e òh dokgil{ g~ gql~ xzg òh ` b`c idccdgo

vlgvcl# `{ zlcc `{ kgo{x~|kxdoj ~g`h{ òh gxbl~

do~`{x~|kx|~l/



N L G \ ^ @ J L H > 4

</ N\DCHDOJ K@^DOJ LKGOGIDL[# N@[LHGO JLOHL^ LP\@CDT

Qd~x|`cct `cc lkgogidl{ `~l i`~elh nt vl~{d{xlox jlohl~

dolp|`cdxdl{ do c`ng|~ i`~elx{ òh do hlkd{dgo)ièdoj

do n|{dol{{ òh do jgql~oilox/ Xg|jb zgilo—{ c`ng|~

g~kl v`~xdkdv`xdgo b`{ ~d{lo do ig{x kg|ox~dl{# xbli`mg~dxt g zgilo `~l {xdcc kgoolh xg ` lz ~lc`xdqlct

cgz v`tdoj gkk|v`xdgo{# kgo{dhl~lh xg nl ‒cgz {edcclh—/

Zgilo `~l ig~l cdelct xg nl do v~lk`~dg|{ zg~e

xbò ilo òh ig~l cdelct xg lrvl~dlokl vgql~xt do

gch `jl/ Do xbl zg~ch `{ ` zbgcl `~g|oh goct 0:, g

v`~cdìlox`~dò{ `~l zgilo òh xbl {ìl vl~klox`jl

g idod{xl~{ `~l zgilo/ Do ig{x kg|ox~dl{ goct ` {i`cc

idog~dxt g ilinl~{ g ng`~h{ g c`~jl kgivòdl{

`~l zgilo/ @ elt ~l`{go g~ xbl{l dolp|`cdxdl{ d{ xb`x

zgilo ̀ oh jd~c{# lqlo do xbl ~dkbl~ kg|ox~dl{# xloh xg hg

i|kb ig~l g xbl |ov`dh zg~e g k`~doj g~ ìdcdl{ ̀ oh

kgii|odxdl{ xbò hg ilo òh ngt{/ V~gqd{dgo g xbd{

|ov`dh k`~l d{ {llo `{ zgilo—{ ~l{vgo{dndcdxt# xbg|jb

dohdqdh|`c ilo blcv zdxb {gil x`{e{/ Ag~ do{xòkl#

zgilo {vloh xzdkl ̀ { i|kb xdil go kbdch k`~l ̀ { ilo do

[zlhlo# 8/1 xdil{ ig~l do Jbò`# òh 1 xdil{ `{ i|kb

do Vèd{xò/ @{ ` ~l{|cx g xbl hg|ncl n|~hlo g ngxb

v`dh òh |ov`dh zg~e# go `ql~`jl# do ig{x kg|ox~dl{#

zgilo zg~e cgojl~ bg|~{ do xgx`c xbò hg ilo# cgz

òh idhhcl dokgil zgilo `~l xbl b`~hl{x bdx/



N L G \ ^ @ J L H ; 6

Do xbl i`mg~dxt g kg|ox~dl{# zgilo `~l cl xgoh xbld~ gzo {gc|xdgo{ `{ xg bgz xg kgindol l`~odoj

` cdqdoj zdxb xèdoj k`~l g xbld~ ìdcdl{= dog~i`c

`~~òjlilox{ zdxb ~dloh{ òh oldjbng|~{# |{l g

{l~qdkl{ v~gqdhlh nt OJG{# v`tdoj g~)v~gx n|{dol{{l{

g~ k`~l {l~qdkl{# livcgtdoj v`dh k`~l zg~el~{# glo

idj~òx{# do xbld~ bgil{/ ^l{l`~kb b`{ hligo{x~`xlhxb`x xbl i`mg~dxt g v`dh k`~l zg~el~{ `~l |ohl~v`dh

òh gql~zg~elh xbg|jb xbg{l livcgtlh nt xbl v|ncdk

{lkxg~ xloh xg lomgt nlxxl~ xl~i{ òh kgohdxdgo{/ V`dh

k`~l zg~e d{ i`doct ` li`cl gkk|v`xdgo òh d{ glo#

l~~golg|{ct# ~lj`~hlh `{ cgz {edcclh1/

Ilo òh zgilo b`ql nllo `lkxlh nt xbl hdl~lox

k~d{l{ do hdl~lox z`t{ xb~g|jbg|x xbl zg~ch/ Xl

oòkd`c k~d{d{ g >662 clh xg xbl cg{{ g mgn{ g~ ilo

do {gil vc`kl{ "l{vlkd`cct zbl~l xbl ~lkl{{dgo ~{x

bdx v~dq`xl {lkxg~ doh|{x~dl{ xb`x livcgt i`doct ilo#

{|kb `{ kgo{x~|kxdgo òh idodoj$5 do gxbl~ vc`kl{ dx

clh xg xbl cg{{ g mgn{ g~ zgilo "zbl~l xbl ~lkl{{dgo

~{x bdx v~dq`xl {lkxg~ doh|{x~dl{ xb`x livcgt i`doct

zgilo# {|kb `{ j`~ilox{ òh lclkx~godk `{{linct$/

Ig~l ~lkloxct# xbl `|{xl~dxt vgcdkdl{ òh {`q`jl k|x{ do

v|ncdk {vlohdoj do L|~gvl òh xbl \odxlh [x`xl{ b`ql

{p|ll}lh ìdct n|hjlx{ n|x `c{g ~l{|cxlh do v|ncdk

{lkxg~ mgn cg{{l{# ngxb xèdoj ` bl`qt xgcc go zgilo—{

cdqlcdbggh{/



N L G \ ^ @ J L H ; 0

Zblxbl~ dx d{ ilo g~ zgilo zbg `~l cg{doj xbld~ mgn{# dx d{ |{|`cct zgilo zbg `~l lrvlkxlh xg vdke |v

xbl vdlkl{= xg cgge `l~ xbld~ ìdcdl{# xg kgge ig~l `x

bgil ~`xbl~ xbò n|tdoj v~lv`~lh ggh# xg j~gz ig~l

do edxkblo j`~hlo{# xg ièl kcgxbl{ ~`xbl~ xbò n|tdoj

~l`ht)i`hl ‛ do {bg~x# xg x~t xg oh `hhdxdgo`c z`t{

g {`qdoj igolt g~ ièdoj igolt do xbl dog~i`clkgogit5 òh glo# zbdcl hgdoj `cc xbd{# xg x~t xg



N L G \ ^ @ J L H ; >

kgo{gcl hlv~l{{lh b|{nòh{ òh ~|{x~`xlh# òj~t xllo`jl~{# òh k~tdoj òh b|oj~t kbdch~lo/ Xl{l `~l

~lp|loxct hl{k~dnlh `{ ‒kgvdoj {x~`xljdl{— n|x glo xblt

lrxloh xg ‒hl{vl~`xdgo il`{|~l{—# dokc|hdoj {lr zg~e5

òh xbld~ lg~x{ `~l {gilxdil{ ilx zdxb qdgclokl ~gi

ilo ~|{x~`xlh `x xbl hl{x~|kxdgo g xbld~ `ndcdxt xg nl

n~l`hzdool~{/Do ~lklox tl`~{# xbl ollh g~ k`~l b`{ dok~l`{lh `x

xbl {ìl xdil `{ xbl v|ncdk v~gqd{dgo g dx b`{ nllo

~lh|klh/ @cc gql~ xbl zg~ch zgilo òh jd~c{# l{vlkd`cct

cgz) òh idhhcl)dokgil zgilo òh jd~c{# `~l nldoj

k`cclh |vgo xg x~t xg n~dhjl xbd{ j`v# xg v~gqdhl ` {`lxt

olx g c`{x ~l{g~x/ Glo xbd{ mlgv`~hd{l{ xbl bl`cxb#

lh|k`xdgo òh x~`dodoj g zgilo òh jd~c{# `{ zlcc `{

xbld~ `ndcdxt xg {lk|~l hlklox v`dh zg~e# clx `cgol xg

vc`t ` j~l`xl~ ~gcl do hlkd{dgo ièdoj do n|{dol{{ òh

do vgcdxdk{/ [|kb v~l{{|~l{ `~l |ohl~idodoj zb`xlql~

v~gj~l{{ b`{ nllo i`hl xgz`~h{ jlohl~ lp|`cdxt5 òh

|ohl~idodoj xbl zlcc)nldoj g ̀ cc# ilo ̀ oh ngt{ ̀ { zlcc

`{ zgilo òh jd~c{/

@cc xgg glo zgilo jlx cdxxcl blcv ~gi xbl {x`xl

do k`~doj g~ xbld~ ìdcdl{ do hdk|cx xdil{/ Lqlo

zblo jgql~oilox{ b`ql ~l{vgohlh xg `ccdoj ~`xl{ g

j~gzxb òh ~d{doj |olivcgtilox zdxb ` {k`c {xdi|c|{#

xblt b`ql |{|`cct gk|{lh go x~ò{vg~x òh vbt{dk`c

do~`{x~|kx|~l# ogx {gkd`c do~`{x~|kx|~l/ @{ {k`c {xdi|c|{

jdql{ z`t xg {k`c `|{xl~dxt# v|ncdk {l~qdkl{ òh dokgil



N L G \ ^ @ J L H ; ;

x~ò{l~{ ̀ ~l nldoj k|x/ Ig{x g xbd{ n|~hlo `cc{ go zgilo/Do llkx# xbl ~djbx{ g zgilo òh kbdch~lo `~l nldoj

{`k~dklh do xbl oìl g k~lhdndcdxt do oòkd`c i`~elx{/

Do kgox~`{x xg `cc xbd{# xbl k|~~lox k~d{d{ {bg|ch nl

i`hl ò gvvg~x|odxt g~ ig~l |ohìlox`c kbòjl{/

Xd{ d{ gol g xbl ~l`c `cxl~o`xdql{/ Lkgogidl{ òh

{gkdlxdl{ ollh xg nl ~ln`còklh# ~lkgjod{doj xb`xzgilo òh ilo `cdel ollh xdil xg v~gqdhl |ov`dh

k`~l òh b`ql ` ~djbx xg hlklox v`dh zg~e xb`x kò nl

kgindolh zdxb k`~doj ~l{vgo{dndcdxdl{ zdxbg|x vlo`cxt/

Xl~l d{ `c{g ollh xg n|dch {t{xli{ xb~g|jb zbdkb

xbl v~gqd{dgo g k`~l d{ {b`~lh ig~l lp|`cct nlxzllo

ìdcdl{# kgii|odxdl{# n|{dol{{l{ òh {x`xl{5 òh ig~l

lp|`cct nlxzllo zgilo òh ilo# jd~c{ òh ngt{/ Xd{

zdcc nlkgil lql~ ig~l |~jlox ̀ { xbl v~gvg~xdgo g gchl~

vlgvcl dok~l`{l{ gql~ xbl olrx hlk`hl{# òh k`~l g~

gchl~ vlgvcl nlkgil{ lql~ ig~l divg~xòx/ Zg~chzdhl#

xbl vgv|c`xdgo gql~ 1< d{ v~gmlkxlh xg ig~l xbò hg|ncl

gql~ xbl olrx ;6 tl`~{# ~gi <66 idccdgo xg 0/; ndccdgo/

L|~gvl d{ lrvlkxlh xg nl xbl –j~ltl{x’ kgoxdolox# zdxb

gol do g|~ gql~ 18 òh gol do : gql~ :</

K`~doj lkgogidl{= v~dg~dxdl{ g~ `kxdgo

0/ ^lkgjod{doj xbl divg~xòkl g bdjb)p|`cdxt v|ncdkct)

v~gqdhlh k`~l {l~qdkl{ g~ xbl `kbdlqlilox g jlohl~

lp|`cdxt òh b|iò zlcc)nldoj d{ xbl {x`~xdoj vgdox g~

xbl g~i|c`xdgo g `cxl~o`xdql{



N L G \ ^ @ J L H ; 8

>/ Xl hdl~lox g~i{ g v~gqd{dgo g k`~l {l~qdkl{"|ov`dh# v`dh v|ncdk òh v`dh v~dq`xl$ ollh xg nl

x~`kelh `{ ` elt dohdk`xg~# `{ divg~xòx `{ oòkd`c

n`còkl{ ̀ oh v~gh|kxdgo g x~`h`ncl jggh{ ̀ oh {l~qdkl{/

V`dh v|ncdk v~gqd{dgo d{ v`~xdk|c`~ct divg~xòx nlk`|{l

dx kò nl {|vvcdlh ~ll# g~ `x ò `g~h`ncl ~`xl òh dx d{

ig~l cdelct xg v~gqdhl hlklox zg~e/

;/ Xl lrvò{dgo g v|ncdk {lkxg~ v~gqd{dgo do {l~qdkl{

cdel bl`cxb# lh|k`xdgo# òh k`~l g kbdch~lo# hd{`nclh# dcc

òh ~`dc lchl~ct vlgvcl# b`{ ò divg~xòx ~gcl xg vc`t do

illxdoj mgn k~l`xdgo x`~jlx{ do ` jlohl~ lp|dx`ncl z`t/

8/ Xl {kgvl g v|ncdk doql{xilox i|{x nl lrvòhlh# {g

xb`x dx dokc|hl{ ogx goct vbt{dk`c do~`{x~|kx|~l n|x `c{g

{gkd`c do~`{x~|kx|~l# dokc|hdoj k`~l {l~qdkl{/

</ Ag~ xbl cgojl~ xl~i lkgogidl{ òh {gkdlxdl{ ollh

xg nl ~ln`còklh# xg jdql ~lkgjodxdgo xg xbl `kx xb`x

zgilo òh ilo `cdel ollh xdil xg v~gqdhl |ov`dh k`~l

1/ Iòt zgilo—{ g~jòd{`xdgo{ `~g|oh xbl zg~ch

`~l `c~l`ht k`ccdoj g~ xbl{l edoh{ g v~dg~dxdl{ òh

x~ò{g~i`xdgo{/ @ ~lkgql~t g~ ̀ cc i|{x dokc|hl xbl qgdkl{

òh eogzclhjl g zgilo zdxb lql~th`t lrvl~dlokl g

x~tdoj xg kgindol v~gqdhdoj k`~l zdxb jlxxdoj ` cdqdoj/ Dx

d{ xdil lkgogidk vgcdkt ièl~{ cl`~olh xb`x cl{{go xgg/



N L G \ ^ @ J L H ; <

Ngr </0 V|ncdk v~gqd{dgo g k`~l

Xl Og~hdk kg|ox~dl{ cl`h xbl zg~ch do v|ncdk

lrvlohdx|~l vl~ kbdch go kbdch k`~l òh v~l)v~di`~t

lh|k`xdgo {l~qdkl{:/ I|kb g xbd{ d{ {vlox go v|ncdkct

v~gqdhlh {l~qdkl{/ gx`c lrvlohdx|~l go cgoj)xl~i

k`~l g~ xbl lchl~ct do GLKH kg|ox~dl{ ~òjl{ ~gi`~g|oh 6/>, xg ;, g JHV# `cxbg|jb ig{x kg|ox~dl{

{vloh cl{{ xbò 0/<, g JHV/ Goct Og~z`t òh [zlhlo

{vloh ig~l xbò >, ‛ xblt b`ql xbl bdjbl{x {b`~l g

vl~{go{ `jlh 26 òh gql~ do xbl GLKH# òh xblt gl~

kgiv~lblo{dql v|ncdkct |ohlh {l~qdkl{ xg xbg{l do

ollh g doxlo{dql k`~l# v`~xdk|c`~ct do o|~{doj bgil{#

n|x `c{g do bgil k`~l/ Ogolxblcl{{# lqlo do xbl{l xzg

kg|ox~dl{# xbl i`mg~dxt g k`~l d{ v~gqdhlh nt gxbl~

ìdct ilinl~{2/ Lqdhlokl ~gi Og~hdk kg|ox~dl{

{bgz{# xb`x v|ncdk livcgtilox b`{ ` vg{dxdql div`kx

go k`~l zg~el~{— z`jl{/ \odgod{`xdgo ~`xl{ `~l glo

bdjbl~ do xbl v|ncdk {lkxg~# kgox~dn|xdoj xg dok~l`{lh

n`~j`dodoj vgzl~/ Xl~l `~l kgiv`~`xdqlct jggh z`jl{òh {x`ncl zg~edoj kgohdxdgo{ g~ v|ncdk v~l{kbggc

xl`kbl~{4/



N L G \ ^ @ J L H ; 1

1/ ^LH\KDOJ DOLP\@CDT=@ ^LKGQL^T AG^ @CC# OG M\[ BL ALZ

@x xbl nljdoodoj g xbl >0{x klox|~t# clqlc{ g vgql~xt

òh dolp|`cdxt `~l {x`jjl~doj/ Xl ~dkbl{x >6, do xbl

zg~ch lomgt{ ig~l xbò :6, g jcgn`c dokgil# zbdcl xbl

vgg~l{x >6, goct gnx`do{ xzg v`cx~t vl~klox`jl vgdox{/Xl ~dkbl{x 0, "10 idccdgo dohdqdh|`c{$ b`h xbl

{ìl ìg|ox g dokgil `{ xbl vgg~l{x ;/< ndccdgo

"<1, g xbl zg~ch—{ vgv|c`xdgo$/ @x xbl ngxxgi loh#

xzg do ql g xbl zg~ch—{ vgv|c`xdgo# cdql nlcgz xbl

doxl~o`xdgo`c vgql~xt cdol g \[(> ` h`t5 g xbg{l# gol

ndccdgo vlgvcl cdql do lrx~lil vgql~xt# {|~qdqdoj go cl{{xbò (0/>< ` h`t/06

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`c{g b`{ ogo)lkgogidk hdilo{dgo{# cdel c`ke g `kkl{{

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q|col~`ndcdxt xg {bgke{# c`ke g qgdkl do hlkd{dgo)ièdoj#

nldoj blcvcl{{ xg qdgclokl òh kg~~|vxdgo/ @{ zl xèl `

zdhl~ qdlz g vgql~xt# xbl o|inl~{ g vlgvcl `lkxlh

nt dx dok~l`{l/ @ng|x >6#666 kbdch~lo hdl h`dct ~gi

v~lqlox`ncl hd{l`{l{/ Gol xbg|{òh zgilo hdl lql~t

h`t nlk`|{l g kgivcdk`xdgo{ ~lc`xlh xg v~ljoòkt òh

kbdchnd~xb/ Ig~l xbò 1 idccdgo vlgvcl hdl lql~t tl`~ g

dolkxdg|{ hd{l`{l{# `~ ig~l xbò xbl o|inl~ edcclh do

xbl o`x|~`c k`x`{x~gvbl{ xb`x ièl bl`hcdol{/ @cc xbd{

{|l~doj kg|ch nl `qgdhlh d xbl~l z`{ ig~l lp|`cdxt do



N L G \ ^ @ J L H ; :

Ngr 1/0 Xl lrx~lil{ g dolp|`cdxt

gv dokgil{ do xbl \E b`ql kgoxdo|lh xg {g`~# do {vdxl

g xbl oòkd`c k~d{d{/ Xl xtvdk`c A[L ng{{ l`~olh :<

xdil{ ig~l xbò xbl xtvdk`c livcgtll do >661 ‛ òh

gol tl`~—{ v`t ~d{l z`{ «866#666 kgiv`~lh zdxb xbl

livcgtll—{ dok~l`{l g `ng|x «:66/ Xl{l j`v{ b`qlkgoxdo|lh xg zdhlo ‛ òh do >600 xbl dokgil{ g kdqdc

{l~qòx{ b`ql nllo blch xg 0, lqlo zbdcl do`xdgo

dok~l`{l{ nt 8 g~ < xdil{ `{ i|kb00/

@ ~lklox GLKH {x|ht {bgzlh dokgil dolp|`cdxt

ìgoj zg~edoj `jl)vlgvcl do \E {dokl 04:6{ b`{

~d{lo `{xl~ xbò do òt gxbl~ zl`cxbt kg|ox~t/ Nt >662#dokgil{ g xbl xgv 06, zl~l `ng|x 0> xdil{ bdjbl~

xbò xbl ngxxgi 06, do \E# |v ~gi 2 xdil{ do 042</

Do gxbl~ hlqlcgvlh kg|ox~dl{ xbl j`v d{ `ng|x 4 xg 0/

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JOV do >66< z`{ 08/;, g JOV# hg|ncl xbld~ :/0, {b`~l

do 04:6/ @ng|x b`c g xbl xgv 0, g dokgil l`~ol~{

d{ g|oh do xbl oòkd`c {lkxg~/ ^l{l`~kb nt I`~e

[xlz`~x {bgz{ xb`x ̀ cig{x ̀ cc xbl dok~l`{l do dolp|`cdxt

do xbl c`{x 0> tl`~{ b`{ kgil ~gi xbl oòkd`c {lkxg~/

@x xbl {ìl xdil `{ xgv dokgil{ b`ql {g`~lh# xbl {x`xl

b`{ hgol cl{{ òh cl{{ xg o`~~gz xbl j`v{/ A~gi xbl

idh 04:6{ xg 0426{# xbl x`r)nlolx {t{xli g{lx ig~l

xbò <6, g xbl ~d{l do dokgil dolp|`cdxt/ gh`t dx d{goct >6,/



N L G \ ^ @ J L H ; 2

`kkl{{ xg llkxdql bl`cxb òh {gkd`c v~gxlkxdgo {t{xli{/B|iò ~djbx{ `~l qdgc`xlh h`dct `cc gql~ xbl vcòlx/

@cxbg|jb iòt g xbl {|vl~)~dkb b`~hct ogxdkl

xbl v~dkl dok~l`{l{# xbl vgg~ x~|ct {|l~/ Cgk`c ggh

v~dkl{ `~l 26, bdjbl~# go `ql~`jl# xbò nlg~l >66:/

Xl div`kx{ g bdjb ggh v~dkl{ go vgg~ ìdcdl{ b`ql

nllo hlq`{x`xdoj# dok~l`{doj b|ojl~ òh i`co|x~dxdgozbdkb i`t b`ql d~~lql~{dncl div`kx{ go kbdch~lo/

A|~xbl~# `|{xl~dxt il`{|~l{ b`ql nllo ~lh|kdoj v|ncdk



N L G \ ^ @ J L H ; 4

lrvlohdx|~l{ g~ {gkd`c jggh{ òh {l~qdkl{ do ig{xkg|ox~dl{# `x ` xdil xblt `~l ig{x ollhlh/

Ngr 1/> Nòel~{ v`t

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\[ z`{ go ` v`~ zdxb v~dq`xl {lkxg~ v`t lc{lzbl~l# g~vl~{go{ g {didc`~ clqlc{ g lh|k`xdgo/ N|x oòkd`c

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xbl c`xl 04;6{# zblo v`~dxt c`~jlct ~lx|~olh |oxdc xbl

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g xgv hd~lkxg~{ do xbl A[L 066 kgivòdl{ dok~l`{lh

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xb`x zg|ch ̀ ccgz xbli xg n|t xbl k`~{ xblt zl~l ièdoj5



N L G \ ^ @ J L H 8 6

dx zg~elh# dx z`{ ` jggh il`{|~l xg n|dch v~g{vl~dxt/N|x do ~lklox hlk`hl{# xbl j`v nlxzllo xbg{l zbg zg~e

b`~h òh xbg{l zbg ~l`v xbl j~l`xl{x ~lz`~h{ b`{ j~gzo

xg gn{klol clqlc{/ Do xbl \[# KLG{ zl~l v`dh 2>0 xdil{

`{ i|kb `{ ` idodi|i z`jl l`~ol~ do >66<5 dx z`{ <0

xdil{ g~xt tl`~{ l`~cdl~/ Lqlo do Dohd` òh Kbdo`# xgv

dokgil{ b`ql dok~l`{lh {|n{xòxd`cct/ Ogxl bgzlql~#xb`x xgv dokgil{ b`ql j~gzo cl{{ do kgoxdolox`c L|~gvl

òh M`vò08/

Xl lrx~lil dolp|`cdxt do xbl hd{x~dn|xdgo g xbl

zg~ch—{ dokgil {bg|ch ièl |{ p|l{xdgo xbl k|~~lox

hlqlcgvilox ighlc "hlqlcgvilox g~ zbgi7$# zbdkb

b`{ `kk~|lh ig{xct xg xbl zl`cxbdl{x/ [gkd`c hd{kgoxlox

d{ nlkgidoj ig~l zdhl{v~l`h do L|~gvl òh `cc gql~

xbl zg~ch# òh jgql~oilox{ `~l cg{doj cljdxdi`kt/ Xl

DCG b`{ k~l`xlh ` –{gkd`c |o~l{x dohlr’# bdjbcdjbxdoj

jcgn`c clqlc{ g hd{kgoxlox ~lc`xlh xg |olivcgtilox#

zg~{lodoj g cdqdoj {xòh`~h{# c`ke g kgohlokl go

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k~d{d{ d{ ogx nldoj {b`~lh `d~ct/ Xl DCG—{ Zg~ch g

Zg~e ^lvg~x >6000< z`~o{ g ` {djodkòx `jj~`q`xdgo

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N L G \ ^ @ J L H < 0

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N L G \ ^ @ J L H < >

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N L G \ ^ @ J L H < ;

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zg~ch lkgogit òh {gkdlxt òh xbl do`hlp|`kt òh



N L G \ ^ @ J L H < 8

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N L G \ ^ @ J L H < <

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N L G \ ^ @ J L H < 1

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doxlj~`xlh jgql~oòkl {x~|kx|~l/

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{lql~l dolp|`cdxdl{/

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d{ v~gvg~xdgo`c xg xbl kg|ox~dl{— p|gx`{ do xbl k`vdx`c#



N L G \ ^ @ J L H < :

òh xbl p|gx`{ do x|~o `~l k`ck|c`xlh `{ ` zldjbxlh`ql~`jl g JHV òh gxbl~ q`~d`ncl{/ Xd{ b`{ ilòx xb`x

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g ~lkl{{dgo# ~lp|d~l{ v~dg~dxt ̀ kxdgo{/



N L G \ ^ @ J L H < 2

Doxl~o`xdgo`c Do{xdx|xdgo{=

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g~ ̀ tl`~ g~ {g n|x {ggo ̀ l~ lg~x{ `cxl~lh/ Xl cl`hl~{

g xbl hlqlcgvlh kg|ox~dl{ òh xbl lil~jdoj kg|ox~dl{ollh xg jlx |~jloxct n`ke xg kgg~hdo`xlh lg~x{ `{ xblt

hdh do >664 zdxb ` jcgn`c vl~{vlkxdql g ~lkgql~t/

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g j~gzxb d livcgtilox d{ xg nl dok~l`{lh# lrx~lil{ g

dolp|`cdxt ~lh|klh òh kcdi`xl kbòjl òh gxbl~ g~i{

g loqd~goilox`c hì`jl x`keclh/ @cc `~l ollhlh d ` v`xb

xgz`~h{ cgoj)~|o {|{x`do`ndcdxt d{ xg nl l{x`ncd{blh/

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jcgn`c lkgogidk òh {gkd`c iò`jlilox/ Xl \O d{ xbl

cljdxdi`xl jcgn`c {x~|kx|~l v`~ lrklcclokl/ Dx {bg|ch vc`t

` klox~`c ~gcl do {lk|~doj kgbl~lokl do jcgn`c lkgogidk



N L G \ ^ @ J L H < 4

òh {gkd`c vgcdkt òh v~gqdhl cl`hl~{bdv xg `hh~l{{jcgn`c d{{|l{# zdxb ` {x~goj hlqlcgvilox g~dlox`xdgo/

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lrvl~x{ zg~ch)zdhl/ Xl{l kbòjl{ i`t {lli ngch òh

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N L G \ ^ @ J L H 1 6

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