BDR 1 Survey 2 Mos 3

w.e.f Academic Year 2012-13 G Scheme

MSBTE - Final Copy Dt. 14/01/2013 17309 13

Course Name : Civil Engineering Group Course Code : CE/CS/CR/CV

Semester : Third

Subject Title : Building Drawing

Subject Code : 17309

Teaching and Examination Scheme:

Teaching Scheme Examination Scheme

TH TU PR PAPER HRS TH PR OR TW TOTAL

02 -- 04 04 100 -- 25# 50@ 175

NOTE:

Two tests each of 25 marks to be conducted as per the schedule given by MSBTE. Total of tests marks for all theory subjects are to be converted out of 50 and to be

entered in mark sheet under the head Sessional Work. (SW) In Term End Examination, students shall attempt all Questions including

Theory Questions on Drawing Sheet.No separate Answer Book shall be issued to answer theory questions.

In Term End Examination, Question papers shall be set by allotting maximum 20 marks towards Theory portion and remaining 80 Marks for Drawing portion to test the drawing skills.

Rationale:

This subject is core technology subject, enabling the principles of planning for drafting the content into graphical form and thereafter its execution. Civil Engineer has to convert design parameters and process details into actual practice. The planning for buildings includes the entire facilities to be provided as per individuals requirements, economical status and suitable to the users.

Therefore, students are required to understand, interpret and prepare working drawing. This will further lead into reading and understanding of drawing that will make the execution and implementation easy in the field.

As a matter of fact, whatever is best in the universe ought to be preserved and must be remembered and desired by common man. Based on this ideology, an integrated approach to protect the environment, efforts towards Ecological- Environmental Settlement of Building Man and nature relationship shall be adopted. Architecturally, building should create occupational comfort, functional utility, aesthetic approach, environmental filters.

In long run construction industry should have orientation towards the skillful design and

energy efficient technique. Emphasis shall be given on integrated approach using National Code of Building of India (2005) for appropriate planning of building .This will be further useful in the area of Building Construction, Estimating and Costing, Surveying, Design of Structure and Projects. This will create confidence and share a grain of salt in building nation in a beautiful way of approach.



General objectives: The students will be able to

1) Interpret different building drawings. 2) Understand principles of planning considering built environment approach. 3) Apply building rules and byelaws and IS 962:1989 specifications for planning of buildings. 4) Understand the preparation of line plans for Residential and Public Buildings. 5) Draw submission drawing and working drawing 6) Understand methods of perspective drawing for various objects.

Learning Structure:

Application Procedure Principle Concept Facts

Prepare submission, working, detailed, presentation drawing for buildings by considering built environment approach, work as civil draftsman, assistance to architect, site supervisor.

Procedure for drafting, drawing as per requirement of sanctioning authority- Procedure for preparing Two Point Perspective drawing

Planning of Residential and Public building as per requirement, Building Bye-laws, Principles of Planning

Principles of perspective drawing of various objects

Building Built Environment

One Point Perspective

Two Point Perspective

Plan, Elevation, Section, Site Plan, Schedule of openings, Area statement, construction notes

Orthographic Projection

Lettering, Types of Lines, Conventions, Symbols, Scale, Material



Theory: Note: Drawing skills to be developed through theory and practical hours.

Topic and Contents Hours MarksTopic 1. Conventions Specific objectives: Draw the conventions , signs and symbols Use appropriate scale for different building drawings Read and interpret the readymade drawings

Contents:

Conventions as per IS 962:1989, symbols for different materials such as earthwork, brickwork, stonework, concrete ,woodwork etc. used in civil engineering construction, graphical symbols for door and window, Abbreviations, symbols for sanitary and electrical installations .Symbols for room furnishing such as kitchen platform, sink, bed, wardrobe, door opening etc.

Types of lines- visible lines, centre line, hidden line, section line, dimension line, extension line, pointers, arrow head or dots .Appropriate lettering and numbering for drawing

Types of scale- Monumental, Intimate, criteria for Proper Selection of scale for various types of drawing

Reading and interpreting readymade Architectural building drawing ( To be procured from Architect, Planning Consultants, Planning Engineer )

04 04

Topic 2. Planning of Building Specific objectives : State space requirement and norms for minimum dimensions of

each units of a building Calculate different areas such as plinth area, floor area, built-up

area, carpet area Draw line plan for residential and public buildings

Contents:

Principles of planning of Residential and Public building- Aspect, Prospect ,Orientation ,Grouping, Privacy, Elegance, Flexibility, Roominess, Circulation, Furniture requirements, Sanitation, Economy.

Space requirement and norms for minimum dimension of different units in the residential and public buildings.

Rules and bye-laws of sanctioning authorities for construction Calculation for areas such as plot area, built up area, super built up

area, plinth area, carpet area, floor area, FAR (Floor Area Ratio) / FSI Line plans for residential building of minimum three rooms including

w/c, bath and staircase as per principles of planning. Line plans for public building-school building, primary health centre,

hospital building, bank, post office, hostel, canteen, Restaurant.

14 36

Topic 3. Types of Drawing 10 44



Specific objectives : Draw developed plan, elevation, section, site plan based on given

line plan. Prepare submission drawing, working drawing, foundation

drawing of a residential building. Contents:

Data drawing developed plan, elevation, section, site plan, schedule for openings, construction notes with specifications, area statement. Planning of staircase- Rise and Tread for residential and public building.

Submission drawing of Single storey Load Bearing residential building (2 BHKD) with staircase.

Submission drawing of Two storey Framed Structure (G+1) residential building (2 BHKD) with staircase.

Working drawing of Load Bearing Structure developed plan, elevation, section passing through staircase, foundation plan with Scale 1:50.

Foundation plan of Framed Structure and section of column and footing with scale 1:50

Details of RCC components with scale 1:20 for Chajjas and Lintel, Staircase.

Topic.4. PERSPECTIVE DRAWING Specific objectives :

Use the principles of perspective drawings Draw perspective drawing of object.

Contents: Definition, Types of perspective , terms used in perspective

drawing , principles used in perspective drawing One Point and Two Point Perspective of small objects such as steps,

monuments, pedestals etc.

04 16

Total 32 100 N.B. -- In Term End Examination, Question papers shall be set by allotting

maximum 20 marks towards Theory portion and remaining 80 Marks for drawing portion to test the drawing skills.

In Term End Examination, students shall attempt all Questions including Theory Questions on Drawing Sheet. No separate Answer Book shall be issued to answer the theory questions.

Practical: Skills to be developed: Intellectual Skills:

Read and interpret building drawing Plan residential and public building as per requirement Apply building rules, regulations and bye-laws

Motor Skills:

Prepare proportionate line plan for residential and public building



Draw developed plan, elevation, section, site plan, and foundation plan, with neat letterings and dimensions.

Prepare schedule of openings, area statement Write construction notes.

LIST OF PRACTICALS (TERM WORK):

A. SKETCH BOOK

1. Draw various types of lines, graphical symbols for materials, doors, windows, sanitary

and water supply installations, electrical installations, abbreviations as per IS 962:1989

location for bed, sofa, dinning table with chairs, wardrobe etc.

2. Collect one readymade drawing for residential building (1 BHKD or 2BHKD)

Read various details shown on drawing. write summary of observations on the drawing

itself such as orientation of rooms ,placement of doors and windows, wall thicknesses,

flooring in rooms and sanitary block, skirting, dado, kitchen platform-size, height etc;

room height, chajja projections, staircase-rise, tread, landing etc. attach this drawing

with the sketch book.

3. Draw line plans for five Residential Buildings with minimum three rooms and staircase

in each with WC and Bath.

4. Draw line plans for five Public Building- School Building, Primary Health Centre, Hospital Building, Bank, Post Office, Hostel, and Canteen.

5. Draw developed plan, Elevation, section, site plan, area statement, schedule of opening and construction notes from given line plan (1BHKD) OR (2BHKD) for Load Bearing Structure.

B. FULL IMPERIAL SIZE SHEET (A1) :

1. Submission drawing, to the scale 1:100,(Sheet no. 1)of single storeyed Load Bearing Residential Building (2BHKD) with Flat Roof and staircase showing developed plan, elevation, section passing through Stair or W.C. and Bath, site plan (1:200), area statement, schedule of openings , construction notes.

2. Submission drawing, to the scale 1:100, of (G+1) Residential Building Framed Structure (2 BHKD with attached toilet to 1 bedroom showing the position of European type WC pan) showing developed plan, elevation, section passing through staircase, site plan (1:200), foundation plan (1:50), area statement, schedule of openings. (Also Show the place for Washing machine, WHB, Pooja, store, bed, dinning table with chairs, sofa, wardrobe etc.)

3. Working drawing of Sheet No 1 to the scale 1:50, showing developed plan, elevation, section passing through staircase or W.C.and Bath and Component Drawing of RCC Lintel and Chajjas. Shows detailed enlarge section.



4. Two Point Perspective Drawing of small objects - steps, monuments, pedestals (any one) scale 1:50

Learning Resources: 1. Books :

Sr. No. Title Author Publisher

1. Building Drawing M.G. Shah, CM Kale, S.Y. Patki Mc Graw Hill

2. Planning and design of Building Y.S. Sane Allied Publishers

3 Civil Engineering Drawing Malik and Mayo New Asian Publishers

4. Principles of Perspective Drawing M. G. Shah & C. M. Kale Mc Graw Hill

5. Building Planning and Drawing Dr N Kumara Swamy and A Kameshwara Rao Charotar Publication

2. IS, BIS and International Codes: SP-41 (S&T) (1987) ISI Handbook of functional requirements of buildings other than

industrial building SP-35 (S&T) (1987) ISI Handbook water supply and drainage with special emphasis on

plumbing IS 962- 1989 code of practice for architectural and building drawing IS 1742: 1972 Code of practice for building drainage SP-27 ( 1987) Handbook of methods of measurements of building works Data book National Building code, CBRI Publication. Sandeep Mantri , reference book, A TO Z Practical Building construction and its

Management , Satya Prakashan, New Delhi

3. Websites: http://www.greenhomebuilding.com/sustainable_architecture.htm http://www.cgarchitect.com/upclose/VI/Week23/VI_Week23.pdf

17309131414 Hours / 100 Marks Seat No.

P.T.O.

Instructions (1) All Questions are Compulsory.

(2) Answer each next main Question on a new page.

(3) Illustrate your answers with neat sketches wherevernecessary.

(4) Figures to the right indicate full marks.

(5) Assume suitable data, if necessary.

(6) Use of Non-programmable Electronic PocketCalculator is permissible.

(7) Mobile Phone, Pager and any other ElectronicCommunication devices are not permissible inExamination Hall.

Marks

1. a) Attempt any THREE of the following: 12

i) Draw symbols for:

1) Concrete

2) Timber

3) Wash basin

4) Brick masonry.

ii) Draw any four types of lines used in civil engineeringdrawing.

iii) Explain the importance of Aspect and Prospect inbuilding planning.

17309 [ 2 ]Marks

iv) State the minimum dimensions provided for:

1) Rise and tread in residential building.

2) Sill height

3) Plinth level

4) Kitchen platform height.

b) Draw to a suitable scale a line plan of Primary Health 08Centre (PHC) showing different units. Show positions ofdoor and windows.

2. Figure No. 1 shows a line plan of residential building.Draw to the scale of 1 : 50 the following views.Show all dimensions and label the parts.

i) Developed plan 12

ii) Elevation 06

iii) Section along AB 10

Use the following construction note:

a) Depth of foundation 1000mm below GL.

b) Plinth height 600mm.

c) Height of bottom of slab from floor 3100mm.

d) Thickness of slab 150mm.

e) Assume chajja projections 750mm.

f) Super structure BB masonry with walls 300mm thickand internal walls bath and WC 100mm thick.

Assume suitable data if required.

17309 [ 3 ]Marks

Fig. No. 1

3. Attempt any THREE of the following: 24

a) Prepare schedule of opening and area statement for Q. No. 2.

b) Draw to the suitable scale a site plan for a building mentionedin Q. No. 2.

c) Suggest various service units and sizes for a canteen for 200people.

d) i) State the importance of submission drawing and workingdrawing in civil engineering works.

ii) Define One-point perspective and Two-point perspective.

P.T.O.

17309 [ 4 ]Marks

4. Attempt any TWO of the following: 16

a) Explain the terms orientation and furniture requirements.

b) Define following:

i) far

ii) carpet area

iii) plinth area

iv) built up area.

c) Draw detailed plan and section of R.C.C. column andcolumn footing:

i) size of footing 1200 1200

ii) size of column 300 300

17309 [ 5 ]Marks

5. Draw the two point perspective view of a small object 12shown in Fig. No. 2. Retain all construction lines.Take eye level at 1.50m above GL.All dimensions are in mm.Assume any data if required.

Fig. No. 2

P.T.O.

17309 [ 6 ]Marks

OR

Draw to a suitable scale a two point perspective drawing.Assume eye level at 2.1m above GL. The observer standsat a distance 4.7m along central visual ray. Retain allconstruction lines. Assume additional data if required.Shown in Fig. No. 3.

Fig. No. 3

17309131414 Hours / 100 Marks

17309

Page 1 of 12

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

(Autonomous)

(ISO/IEC-270001 2005 certified)

WINTER-13 EXAMINATION

Subject code: 17309 Model Answer Page No:1/12

Important Instructions to examiners:

1) The answer should be examined by keywords and not as word-to-word as given in the

model answer scheme.

2) The model answer and the answer written by candidate may vary but the examiner may try

to assess the understanding level of the candidate.

3) The language error such as grammatical, spelling errors should not be given more

importance.(Not applicable for subject English and communication skill).

4) While assessing figures, examiner may give credit for principal components indicated in the

figure. The figure drawn by candidate and model answer may vary. The examiner may give

credit for any equivalent figure drawn.

5) Credits may be given step wise for numerical problems. In the some cases, the assumed

constants values may vary and there may be some difference in the candidates answer and

model answer.

6) In case of some questions credit may be given by judgment on part of examiner of relevant

answer based on candidates understanding.

Q1) a) Attempt any THREE of the following 12

i) Draw the symbol for: 1) Concrete 2) Timber 3) Wash Basin 4)

Brick Masonry.

01

01

01

01

17309

Page 2 of 12

ii) Draw the any four types of line used in civil engineering drawing.

*( Note Draw any four lines 1 mark each)

*

ii) Explain the importance of Aspect and Prospect in building planning.

Importance of Aspect-

1) To enjoy natural gifts such as sun rays, light, breeze etc.

2) To place the rooms in the building so that user can enjoy natural gifts and fill

comfortable and also enjoy beautiful views such as hills station ,sea , river, garden,

landscape etc. Importance of Prospect

1) To enrich the outside good views such as sun rise ,sun set, hilly areas, river, etc.

2) To avoid the bad views such as slum area, nallah, garbage disposal place , etc.

02

02

iv) State the minimum dimensions provided for

1) Rise and tread in residential building

2) Sill height

3) Plinth level

4) Kitchen platform height

1) Rise = 190 mm. Tread = 250mm.

2) Sill height = 300mm

3) Plinth level =450mm.

4) Kitchen platform height = 600mm.

01

01

01

01

b) Draw to suitable scale a line plan of primary health center (PHC) showing

deferent units. Show position of door and windows.

08

17309

Page 3 of 12

* Note (Line plan 4 marks, 2 marks labeling, 2 marks for doors and windows)

*

Q 2 Fig. No. 1. Show a line plan of residential building. Draw to the scale of 1:50 the

following views. Show all dimensions and label the parts.

i) Developed plan

ii) Elevation

iii) Section along AB.

Use the following construction note.

a) Depth of foundation 1000 mm below GL.

b) Plinth height 600mm.

c) Height of bottom of slab from floor 3100mm.

12

06

10

17309

Page 4 of 12

d) Thickness of slab 150mm.

e) Assume chajja projection 750mm.

f) Super structure BB masonry with walls 300mm thick and internal walls bath

and WC 100mm. thick.

Assume suitable data if required.

( Note: The offset to the developed plan can be on front side or back side. Assessment of

the plan should be as per given marking scheme. )

Scale : 1:50

*Note: Wall thickness - 02 marks, Labeling- 02 marks, Dimension- 02 marks, Position

of Window 02 marks & Door 02 marks, Neatness 02 Marks

*

17309

Page 5 of 12

*Note: Projected Line work- 02 marks, Elegance- 02 marks, Neatness 02 Marks

*

*Note: Line work- 02 marks, correct dimension- 04 marks, Symbols of materials- 02

marks, Neatness 02 Marks

*

Q.3 Attempt any THREE of the following: 24

a) Prepare schedule of opening and area statement for Q.No.2

17309

Page 6 of 12

-

SCHEDULE OF OPENING

SR.

NO.

NAME OF

OPENING

SYMB

OL

SIZE IN MM NOS DESCRIPTION

1 SLIDING GATE SD 1200X2100 01 M .S .COLLAPSIBLE

GATE

2 DOOR D 1200X2100 01 CCTW FULLY

PANELED SINGLE

SHUTTER

3 DOOR D1 900X2100 03 FLUSH DOOR SINGLE

SHUTTER

4 DOOR D2 750X2100 02 PVC SHUTTER

5 OPENING OP 900X2100 01 ----

6 WINDOW W1 1200X1200 02 ALUMINUM SLIDING

GLAZED WINDOW M S

GRILLS


GLAZED WINDOW M S

GRILLS


GLAZED WINDOW M S

GRILLS

9 VENTILATOR V 450X600 02 LOUVERED WINDOW

AREA STATEMENT

1 PLOT AREA 158.27 m2

2 BUILTUP AREA 70.00 m2

3 FSI 0.44

05

03

1) b) Draw to the suitable scale a site plan for a building mentioned in Q. No. 2 08

17309

Page 7 of 12

Scale : 1:200

*Note: Correct side margin- 02 marks, North direction- 02 marks, Water & Drainage

line- 02 marks, Line work & Neatness 02 Marks)

*

C) Suggest various services units and sizes for a canteen for 200 people.

Various service unit for a canteen- 1) Dining hall 2) Kitchen 3) Store room

4) Pantry 5) wash room 6) cash counter 7) Drinking water taps 8)

Toilet

Sizes for a canteen for 200 people - 1) Dining hall = 400 to 600 m2

2) Kitchen = 10 m2 3) Store room = 10 m

2 4) Pantry = 6 m

2

5) wash room = 15m2 6) cash counter = 1.2 m wide 7) Drinking water tap = 1 for

20 users 8) Toilet = W.C.(1.0mx1.2m) 1for 25 users

mark

each

17309

Page 8 of 12

d) i) State the importance of submission drawing and working drawing in civil

engineering works.

Importance of submission drawing -

1) To prepare details of proposed building as per bye laws.

2) To take the sanction from sanctioning authority

Importance of Working drawing -

1) To show details of structural element such as stair case, cantilever balcony, lintel chajja,

etc.

2) To explain the details to workman at site and execute the work at site.

02

02

ii) Define one-point perspective and Two-point perspective.

One-point perspective- It is the prospective view in which there is only one vanishing

point. It is used for internal details of building.

Two-point perspective- It is the prospective view in which there is two vanishing point. It

is used for external details of building.

02

02

Q.4 Attempt any Two of the following - 16

a) Explain the terms orientation and furniture requirements.

Orientation- Orientation of a building is the proper placement of building and its

component rooms with respect to the weathering elements such as sun, wind, rain and

topography. It enables the resident to enjoy the desirable features of nature and avoid the

undesirable ones.

Maximum advantages of sun and wind can be taken by proper orientation of building.

For proper orientation following suggestions are given.

i) Provide the large walls towards east and west.

ii) Provide sun trackers on the sunny faces.

iii) Provide verandahs on south and west so that the walls on those sides are less

heated.

iv) Provide proper aspect of various rooms such as kitchen, bed room, living room,

w/ c and bath etc.

02

02

17309

Page 9 of 12

Furniture requirements- Furniture requirement of a room depends upon the function

or use of the room. There are no rigid criteria to decide the furniture in a particular

room. It should adequate for the maximum numbers of users without over crowding

sufficiently large size of furniture should be assumed and then proper space around the

furniture for circulation should be considered.

Size of living room is more than kitchen because number of furnitures in Living

rooms is more than that kitchen. In case of public building furniture requirements plays

very important role in selecting proper size of various units.

02

02

b) Define following :

i) Far ii) Carpet area iii) Plinth area iv) Built up area

i) FAR- It is the ratio of total covered area of all floors to the total plot area.

Total covered area of all floors

FAR = (Floor Area Ratio) = -------------------------------------------

Plot area

ii) Carpet area It is the floor area of the usable rooms at any floor level. Following

portions are excluded from the floor area.

i) Sanitary accommodation

ii) Verandahs

iii) Corridors and Passages

iv) Kitchen and pantries

v) Stair case

iii) Plinth area- The area of a building including are of all the units with wall

thickness at plinth level is called plinth area.

iv) Built up area It is the area covered by a building on all floors. It includes floor

area of all the rooms plus wall thickness.

02

02

02

02

c) Draw detailed plan and section of RCC column and column footing.

i) Size of footing 1200x1200

ii) Size of column 300x300

08

17309

Page 10 of 12

* Note- ( Plan 4 marks, Section 4 marks)

*

Q 5 Draw the two point perspective view of a small object shown in fig. No.2 Retain

all construction lines. Take key level at 1.50m. above GL.All dimension are in mm.

Assume any data if required.

12

17309

Page 11 of 12

*Note- ( Plan 2 marks , Elevation 2 marks, construction line 2marks, labeling 1 marks,

perspective view 5 marks. )

*

OR

Draw to a suitable scale a two point perspective drawing. Assume eye level at 2.1 m.

above GL. The observer stands at a distance 4.7m. along central visual ray. Retain all

construction lines. Assume additional data if required

12

17309

Page 12 of 12

*Note- ( Plan 2 marks , Elevation 2 marks, construction line 2marks, labeling 1 marks,

perspective view 5 marks. )

*

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(Autonomous)

(ISO/IEC-27001-2005 Certified)


Subject Code: 12037 Model Answer Page No: 01/10

Subject-Building Drawing and Design Marks -100

Q1. Attempt any Two of the following. (4x2=8)

a) Conventional symbols with sizes- 1x4=4

1. Extension Line

These lines extend by 4 mm beyond the dimension line. Line should not touch the

feature but start from a distance of @ 2 mm.

2. Hidden line- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Short dashes of approximately 2 mm lengths separated by 1mm space

3. Center Line -Alternate long and short lines should have proportion

6:1 to 4:1

4. Section line

b) Graphical symbols-

1. Concrete

2. Earth

3. Brick masonry

Subject Code: 12037 Page No: 02/10

4. Double leaf double swing door

c) i) UCRM--- Uncoursed rubble masonry (01)

WC---Water closet (01)

ii) Scale adopted for working drawing (01)

1:200

1:100

1:50

For enlarged detail (01)

1:5

1:2

1:1


Q2.a) i) Window opening in room (in percentage) with respect to floor

area - 10 % -15% of floor area depending on the region.

ii) Kitchen-5.5 m2 (min width 1.8m)

iii) Bathroom- 2x1.2m (with width of 1.2 m)

iv) Tread- residential - 0.25m

(1x4 = 4)

b) Significance of building rules and bye laws in relation to planning of building-

Control on construction activity and construction parameter

Facilitate well planned township

Maximum benefit of natural resources.

controlling population density

Safety of structures and infrastructural facilities.

Ultimately achieve harmony health, and well-being of population.

(04)

c) Aspect The arrangement of rooms according to the functional utility in

such a way that the user should enjoy maximum sunlight and air.

It is an important consideration of planning from comfort and health

point of view.

Positioning of openings

A room which receives sunlight and breeze from a particular

direction is said to have aspect of that direction.

Aspect of different rooms w.r.t. sun movement diagram

E.g. Kitchen-East or North- East

Bedroom- South west or North- west

Drawing room: South-East or North- East

(02)


Prospect - It is the view desired from a particular room when seen outside the

window.

Depends on surrounding

Revealment of some natural beautiful pleasant scenery.

Concealing the unwanted views.

Placement of doors and windows in external walls affects prospect.

(02)

Q3. Line plan of high school-building. (12)

High school building should include units like- Classrooms: 1.2m2/student

Teachers Room: Min 14 m2

Laboratories: 3 to 4m2/student

Assembly Hall: 0.5 to 0.6m2/ Student

Circulation: 1.0m to 2.0 m

Library: 0.1m2/Student Min. 50 m

2 And Max. 100m

2

Principal Cabin: Approx. 19 m2

Office and Administrative Block: Approx. 29 m2

Parking Area: 80 to 95 m2 for 1500 students

Sanitary Block: As follows

Particulars Male Female

Wc 1 For 40 1 For 25

Urinals 1for 20 --

Wash Basin 1 For 40 1 For 40

Water Taps 1 For 50 1 For 50

Entrance: 48 m2

Auditorium -0.65m2 /student for 50% strength.

Common room- and canteen-0.1m2/student each .

Q4. Correct plan, elevation, section, north line drawn from examiners point of view will


carry full marks, while checking consider following points

A) Dimensions

B) Positions of doors and windows

C) Labelling different openings

D) No of steps as per plinth height.

E) Chajja,slab projection, section line

F) Aspect of kitchen.

G) Neatness, accuracy, scale,cleanliness,regarding the drawing

H) Dimensions should not be shown in elevation.

I) Marking different levels, projections,

J) Positions of doors and windows in elevation

K) Correct projections in section

L) Elevational dimensions should be shown in section.

M) Plinth filling. Dado, windows in section.

N) proper symbols used in drawing

O) North direction- student should show the north direction considering aspect of kitchen.

P) Dimensions shown in question are mismatching hence verandah is adjusted

appropriately.

Sample developed plan, elevation, section, north line is as follows.


Detailed Plan: 12 marks, Front Elevation: 8 marks, Section along A-B: 10 marks,

.


North line: 02 marks

Q5 a)


Drawing and neatness: 06 marks, Dimensions: 02 marks

Q5.b) Schedule of doors and windows should be as per the drawing and

written in the following table format. (04)

Sr.No Symbol Size No Type Remark

Area statement- area of block= 12.2x8.9=108.58 m2

8.9m

Deduct area 1= 3.1x4.3=13.33m2

2 = 5.2x0.7=3.64m2

12.2m -------------

Total: 16.97m2

Built up area = 91.61m2

Assume plot size= 15x25m

1

2


Plot area=375m2

FSI=91.61/375=0.24

(04)

Q.5. c) i) Measured Drawing the drawing in which actual measurements of existing

building are taken and the drawings like plan, elevation sections etc. are prepared.(02)

Purpose of drawing-1) in case of dispute of property.

Valuation, tax calculation, estimation, modifications etc.

Data drawing the drawing in which the data is given to prepare different views like

plan, elevation, section of a proposed building is called as data drawing.

(02)

ii) Purpose of writing construction notes-

1) Type and specification of materials which is to be used is mentioned in

notes.

2) Any special work or treatment to be given is mentioned in construction

notes.

3) The details of construction components proposed to be used but not seen in

drawing must be mentioned in construction notes. (04)

d) Define- correct definition (4 x 2 = 8)

Built-up area---It is the builtup covered area of building measured at floor level of

any storey. It is also called as plinth area.

Plot area- it is the area of piece of land owned by a person on which construction is

proposed.

Carpet area-it is the usable floor area at any floor level excluding sanitary

accommodation verandah, passages, staircase, garage etc.

OR it is the actual livable area.

Floor area- It is the usable covered area of building at any floor level or plinth area

minus area of walls .


e) Service units for canteen for 200 people- with min. size (08)

Kitchen: 20 m2

Pantry: 24 m2

Store: 16 m2

Dining hall: 2 to 3 m2/head or 20 m x 9 m size

Preparation: 5 m x 4.5 m

Cook room: 3 m x 4 m

Wash room: 5 m x 3 m

Toilets: 2 nos.

Service Entry: As per requirement

Entrance hall: As per requirement

Q.6 (12)

CHAPTER 12M

1)Write the names of installation symbols?

2)State symbols for materials in section of the following (any four)a) brickb) concretec) Natural stoned) ground level

3)Write full forms of following abbreviations used in civil engg. Drawinga) BBM b) GI c) W.C d) CCTW e) RCC

f) PCC

4 M1)Draw symbols used in civil engg drawing ?2)Draw symbols used in electrical fixtures?3)Draw symbols used in sanitary fixtures

CHAPTER 22M

1) Suggest suitable scale for followinga) Elevationb) Site planc) Location pland) Details of door2)What are the scales used for submission drawing3)Draw thea) Hidden lineb) Section linec) Arrow headse) Short break line4)State the difference between framed structure5)Define the term prospect, Aspect6)Enlist the principles of planning7)What is necessary of building regulation and bye laws?8)State the minimum dimension required for stair in residential & public building9)Give the minimum height fora) Window sill e) Floor to ceiling heightb) plinth f)Head room for stair case c) parapet wall g) Dado in W.C & bath

10)What are the purpose of side margins?11)Mention importance of site plan in civil engg.drawing?

4 M1) What are the different planning considered while preparing plan for a residential building?2) What are the basic units in planning of the following building a) Canteen b)hostel c) School d)Auditorium e) Hospital f) Bank g) Post-office3) Why is the north direction important in a residential building?4) Define the term Prospect and Grouping in relation to planning of the building5) State the significance of Aspect and prospect in planning of residential building

6) A post office building is to be constructed for small taluka place.Prapare a list of units counters required with their minimum dimensions ?7) State the important rules and byelaws regarding planning of building?8) Explain the following principle of planning a) Orientation b) Furniture requirement9) State importance of side margins in residential building?10) Give minimum sizes of any four of the following for residential a) floor to floor ht. b)Kitchen c) Rise d) Bathroom e) W.C11) Define the term prospect. How you will group the following units living Hall, toilet, Kitchen, bed and study room12) What is the requirement for details drawing?13) State the significance of measured drawing?14) List out the documents and drawings requirement for submitting plan to the plan sanction Authorities?

8M1) Suggest various units and their sizes for primary school building for 300 students & 30 Staff to be constructed in village.2) Draw to a suitable scale a line plan of Primary health center to be constructed in rural area Mention the different units along with their dimension. Show also position of door and Windows4) Draw to a suitable scale a line plan a Canteen containing various units such as manager Cabin, store, kitchen, cashier, dinning, washing , sanitary units etc.5) What are the minimum areas for different rooms in a residential building?6) Draw to a suitable scale the line plan of bank building with different units such as counters working space, behind the counters cashier rooms, Manager cabin, safe deposit lockers etc,Show of doors &Windows6) Suggest the Various units & their sizes for general post office building

CHAPTER 3

2M

1) Mention important of north direction in civil engg.drawing2) Define a) Built up area b) carpet area3) State the importance of the location plan in civil?

4M

1) Define a)F.S.I b) Built up area c) plinth area d)plot area 2) Define plan of residential building3) What is site plan? What purpose is it useful?4) Define FAR5) Different of the following areas a) plot area b) plinth area c)built up area d)carpet area6) Define submission drawing & working drawing7) State the purpose of preparing measured drawing:?8) State the important of submission drawing & working drawing in civil engg.

8M1) Write any 8 construction notes for the plan?2) What is the requirement for detailed drawing?3) State the importance of schedule of opening and area statement in civil engineering drawing4)What do you understand by the term carpet area of a building? What portion of the building excluded while carpet area.5) Prepare to suitable scale line out plan for constructing to adjacent room 5x5 clear internal size take super structure B.B. wall 300 mm thick, plinth height 600 mm, foundation 100 mm deep and 900 mm wide. The plan should full proof so that it can be make the ground without difficulty.6) State the importance of the location plan & foundation plan in Civil Engg. Drawing.7) What are the requirements for detailed drawing?

8) State the significance of measured drawing.

1) Shows a line plan of residential building. Draw to the suitable scale the following views.i) Developed planii) Section along ABiii) Front elevation

Draw to suitable scale site plan showing various details.

CHAPTER 4

2M1) Define perspective drawing2) Define a) Vanishing points b) picture plane3) Define a) Measure line b)Angle of vision

4M

1) Why is perspective drawing necessary?2) Where is one point perspective useful? 3) What is the use of a 3 point perspective?4) Define vanishing point 5) Give the point of different between isometric drawing and perspective drawing?6) Define the following terms used in perspective drawing a) picture plane b) Vanishing point c)Measure line d)Angle of vision

1) Fig ex Show a plan and elevation of small structure.Draw a 2 point perspective takingeye level at 2.0 above G.L the stands at 4.5 m along central visual ray retain all construction lines

2) Fig ex Show a plan and elevation of pedestal. Draw a 2 point perspective taking eye level at 1.5 above G.L the stands at 5 m along central visual ray retain all construction lines.

P.T.O.

1203911122

3 Hours/100 Marks

Instructions : (1) All questions are compulsory.(2) Answer each next main question on a new page.(3) Illustrate your answers with neat sketches wherever

necessary.(4) Figures to the right indicate full marks.(5) Assume suitable data, if necessary.(6) Use of Non-programmable Electronic Pocket Calculator is

permissible.(7) Mobile Phone, Pager and any other Electronic

Communication devices are not permissible inExamination Hall.

MARKS

1. Solve any ten : (102)

a) Write two uses of surveying.

b) Define Surveying.

c) Define : (i) Chaining (ii) Ranging.

d) Differentiate between long off set and short offset.

e) State the principle of compass surveying.

f) Differentiate between true meridian and magnetic meridian.

g) State the formula to find back bearing of a line from its fore bearing.

h) Define local attraction.

i) Define : (i) Level line (ii) Horizontal line.

j) Differentiate between G.T.S. bench mark and permanent bench mark.

k) State the point on which tilting level differ from a dumpy level.

l) State advantages of auto level over dumpy level.

m) Define : (i) Contour Interval and (ii) Horizontal equivalent.

n) Explain the term interpolation of contour.

o) State advantages of direct contouring.

Seat No.

12039 -2-

MARKS

2. Solve any four : (44)

a) State the basic principles of surveying. Explain any one in brief.

b) Explain principle and construction of a optical square with a neat sketch.

c) Describe procedure of indirect ranging with a neat sketch.

d) Explain chaining on sloping ground by method of stepping.

e) State the types of obstacles in chaining and explain any one with neat sketch.

f) Draw conventional sign for :

i) Road bridge ii) Embankment iii) Cutting iv) Lake.


a) How would you determine included angles from the bearings ? Explain with neatsketch.

b) Length of a survey line measured with a 20 meter chain was found to be841.50 meter. When the chain was compared with a standard chain, it wasfound to be 0.10 meter too long. Find correct length of the line.

c) Differentiate between whole circle bearing and quadrantal bearing system ofmeasuring bearing.

d) Describe graphical adjustment of closing error by Bowditchs rule.

e) Convert following W.C.B. in to quadrantal bearing and quadrantal bearing in toW.C.B.

i) 119 45 ii) 289 50 iii) N 42 30 W iv) S 31 48 E

f) Following are bearings observed in a closed compass traverse

Line Fore bearing Back bearing

PQRS PQ 124 30' 304 30'

QR 68 15' 246

RS 310 30' 135 15'

SP 200 15' 17 45'

At what stations do you suspect local attraction ? Find corrected bearings ofthe lines.

MARKS

-3- 12039

4. Solve any two :

a) The whole circle bearings of sides of a closed traverse are : 290 30, 250 30,196 30, 175 30, 112 and 30. Calculate included angles and angular errorfor the traverse. 8

b) Following consecutive readings were taken with a dumpy level during a levellingwork : 0.625, 0.910, 0.450, 1.240, 1.395, 0.855, 0.925, 1.110, 1.050, 0.885,1.125, 0.555. First reading was taken on a Bench Mark of R.L. 100.250 andlevel was shifted twice after 5th and 9th reading during levelling work. Enter allreadings in a page of level book and reduce levels of all station by colliminationmethod. 8

c) i) State the sources of errors in leveling. 4

ii) What precautions would you take while levelling with a dumpy level ? 4


a) Differentiate between height of instrument and rise and fall method of reductionof levels.

b) Explain the procedure of profile levelling for construction of a road.

c) Explain importance of change point and Bench mark in levelling.

d) State the fundamental axes of dumpy level. State relationship between the axeswhen dumpy level is in perfect adjustment.

e) Following is the page of a level field book where some reading are missing. Bindthe missing reading and apply arithmetic check.

Station BS IS FS HI RL Remark

A X 500.585 500.000 BM

0.935 X

X 499.355

2.845 X

X 498.650

B X 497.225 Last point

f) State any four characteristics of contours.

MARKS

12039 -4-


a) State the factors considered while selecting contour interval. Explain any one

factor in brief.

b) State importance of contouring in the field of Civil Engineering.

c) Draw neat sketch of a polar planimeter. State the precautions you will take

during use of planimeter for measurement of area.

d) Determine the area of a figure from the following readings of a planimeter.

Initial reading = 8.948

Final reading = 3.835

Constant C = 21.50

zero mark of the disc passed once in anti clockwise direction. The anchor point

was kept inside the figure and tracing point was moved in clockwise direction.

Area measured with the planimeter is 100 cm2 when its drum or roller makes

one complete revolution.

e) State the advantages and disadvantages of digital planimeter.

f) Describe concept of computation of volume by using primoidal formula.

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION(Autonomous)

(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)

SUMMER 12 EXAMINATIONSubject Code : 12039 Model Answer Total Page : 17 Nos.

Que.No.

SubQuestionNo.

Key Points/ Key Steps/ Formula/ Step by Solution/ CorrectAnswer etc.

MarkingScheme

MaximumMarks forQuestion/Sub Question

Remark

1. (a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

1) Planning of Engineering works.2) To Lay out the alignments of road, canal etc.3) For Land subdivision and marking the boundries.

Surveying :- It is the art of measuring and locating lines,angels, and elevations on the surface of earth. Theprocess of determining positions of points in a horizontalplane is called surveying.

1) Chaining :- It is the process of spreading of chainon ground to measure the distances between thepoints.

2) Ranging :- It is the process of markingintermediate points on a survey lines.

1) Long off set :- a)When the off sets are morethan 15 m it is called as long off set.

(b) Long off sets are set by optical square or crossstaff.

(2) Short off set :- (a)When the off sets are less than15m it is called as short off set.(b) Short off set are set by swinging of chain.

1) To take the angular measurements of angelsbetween two or more relative points in horizontalplane.

2) To measure the angel between magnetic meridianand the line which gives the bearing in theclockwise direction with respect to north.

1) True Meridian :- It is the line of intersectionof the earth searches by a plane containingnorth and south poles and the given plane.

2) Magnetic Meridian :- The magnetic needlepossess the property of pointing in fixdirection, namely the magnetic meridian.

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(g)

(h)

(i)

(j)

(k)

(l)

(m)

1) BB of any line= F.B. of that line+180When F.B. of any line is less than 180

2) BB of any line= F.B. of that line-180When F.B. of any line is more than 180

Local Attraction :- The fix direction of the maganeticneedle can be altered by any magnetic materials whichare located near the compass can produce errors inpointing the needle. This is called local attraction.

1) Level line :- A line in a level surface is called aslevel line. It is a curved line having all points at thesame elevation.

2) Horizontal line :- A line in a horizontal planeperpendicular to the vertical is called as horizontalline.

1) G.T.S. bench mark :- a) These Bench marks areestablished by the survey of India with veryhigh precision at about 100Km interval all overthe country.b) These are depicted on Topo sheetspublished by the survey of India.

2) Permanent bench mark :- a) These bench .. marks are established by state Government . .. agencies like P.W.D. etc.

b) These are the fixed point of reference . .. established with respect to G.T.S. bench mark.

1) In case of tilting level, line of sight can be tiltedslightly without tilting the vertical axis. Thus theline of sight and vertical axis need not beperpendicular to each other. Therefore the workcan done very fastly as compared to dumpy level.

1) This instrument requires approximate leveling.2) Work can be done very fastly and accurately as

compare to dumpy level.

1) Contour Interval :- It is the vertical distancebetween two consecutive contours.

2) Horizontal Equivalent :- The horizontal distancebetween two points on two consecutive contoursis known as horizontal equivalent.

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2.

(n)

(o)

(a)

Interpolation of contour :- Interpolation of contour is theprocess of spacing the contours proportionately betweenthe plotted ground pointsIt is done by three methods:-

1) By estimation2) By Arithmetical calculation.3) By Graphical method.

Advantages :-1) This method can be used in any situation.2) This method is best advantage in hilly terrail.3) In this method the contour are located on ground

by level and staff or hand level.

1) To work from whole to part.2) To fix or to locate new points or stations by at

least two independent measurements orprocesses.

Explanation :-1) To work from whole to part :-a) This principal states that it is essential to first

establish control points with high precision andthen establish minor control points.

b) Any inner details can further be located within theminor control points.

c) To work from whole to the part means that entirearea or a very large area from the area to besurveyed is first considered and then its smallerparts are considered.

d) Working by this procedure enables to prevent theaccumulation of possible errors in the surveyingwork of larger area.

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(b)

2) To fix or to locate new points or stations by atleast two independent measurements orprocesses :-

a) In surveying, the relative positions of points arelocated by measurements from at least two pointsof reference whose positions are known.

b) In short, the position of new points from the twoknown points can be fixed or located by taking(*) linear measurements (*) angularmeasurements or (*) both linear and angularmeasurements.

c) In this method, two points are selected in the fieldand distance between them is measured.

d) Then relative positions of the other points in thefield can be located from these two referencepoint.

Principal of optical square :- The angle between theincident ray and the reflected ray is twice the anglebetween the mirrors.Construction :-

a) The optical square consists of a circular box 50mm in diameter 12.5 mm in depth. The box hasthree slits ac C, G and E. In line with the opening atC and E a glass silvered at top and plain at thebottom, is fixed. It faces towards C.

b) Opposite of opening at G a silvered glass is fixed atD making an 45 angle with the glass at E.

c) Ray from ranging rod at B passes through theplane glass directly to the observer eye at slit Cwhereas ray from ranging rod at R falls on mirrorD (index mirror) and gets reflected falls on mirrorat E (horizon glass) and gets reflected towards C.

d) Thus the angle between the incident ray from R

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(c)

and the reflected ray towards C is 90e) The images of ranging rod at B and R are visible at

C .

This method of ranging is adopted when the two ends ofa survey line are not visible from either of the stationsdue to a hill or high ground between them. Point A is notvisible from B and point B is not visible from point A. Thento proceed in straight line between A and B, the processof indirect ranging is done. Person with ranging rod at M2 can see M1 and Awhereas person with ranging rod at M1 can see M2 andB. Now person at M2 will guide the person at M1 to comein line with M2 and A on a new position M3. The person on M3 will guide the person at M2 to cometo a position M4. Such that M3,M4 and B are in one line. Ranging rods are fixed at M7 and M8 and then chainingcontinued along the hill with reference to intermediatepoints M7 and M8.

04 04

(d)

(e)

This is a method followed on field directly and hencecalled direct method. In this method the distance ismeasured in small horizontal stretches. A suitable lengthof chain or tape say l1 is taken. The follower holds therear end of tape at a point on top of the hill or slopingground. The tape is stretched horizontally and the other end istransferred on ground say point 1 by means of plumbbob. Then after moving down the slope, the followeragain holds the rear end of tape on point 1. The leaderagain tightly stretches the tape and transfers the forwardend point on the ground by means of plumb bob. Thisprocedure continues till point Q is reached. The total horizontal distance D between PQ will beD=(l1+l2+l3.) Here it is to be noted that it is convenient to adopt thismethod of stepping down the hill instead of going up hill.

Types of Obstacles :-1) Obstacles which can be chained.2) Obstacles which can be ranged.3) Obstacles to both chaining and ranging.

Explanation :- Obstacles in chaining when chaining is notpossible for example pond, hedge etc.

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3(f)

(a)

Select two points LN on the chain line PQ, LN is equal tothe obstacle length. Set out perpendiculars LM and NO,such that length of LM is equal to NO.Measure MO, MO = LN

The included angle between two consecutive lines canbe calculated from their observed bearing by drawing asketch first and then applying simple basic geometry. Let fore bearing (F.B.) of a line OA = 50 and backbearing (B.B.) of OC = 150. Then, included angle AOC = 150- 50 = 100

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(b)

(c)

(d)

Given, length of chain (L) = 20 m, incorrect length(L) =20+0.10 = 20.10 mMeasured length of survey line = 841.50 mCorrect length of line = L/L measured length of line

= 20.10/20 841.50= 845.707 m

W.C.B. :-a) The value of W.C.Bs ranges from 0 to 360.b) The angle is measured with respect to North and onlyangle is mentioned while indicating bearing of a line inthis system.

R.B. :-a) The values of reduced bearing ranges from 0 to 90.b) The angle is always between 0 to 90 is reducedbearing is shown by the quadrant either with N or S andending with E or W e.g. N 75 E or S 55 W.

The error is eliminated by shifting each stationproportionally the distance of the station from startingpoint. As shown in draw a straight line AB1 C1 D1 E1 A1 suchthat the total of the sides of the traverse is equal to thelength of the straight line drawn

From point A1, line A1 a parallel to the closing error andlength is same as of error in the traverse is plotted. Pointa and A are joined by a straight line. From B1 C1 D1 andE1 draw lines parallel to A1 a to touch the upper inclinedline joining A a. These distances of A1a, B1b, C1c, D1d and E1e areplotted at A1, B1, C1, D1 and E1 equal to the magnitudeas respective stations. It will be observed that the new traverse obtained i.e.ABCDE is a traverse with no closing error.This is known as the Bowditchs rule of applyingcorrection to traverse. While making the graphical adjustment as shown asuitable scale which may be different than the scale ofthe traverse is selected but here it should be borne inmind that the scale is applied on the length and not to the

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(e)

(f)

closing error . The closing error is transferred as it is onthe graphical adjustment and again replotted on thethaverse with the same lengths. (e.g. B1 b C1 c, etc.) onthe traverse.

1) WCB = 119 45R.B = 180- 11945 = S 60 15 E

2) WCB = 289 50R.B. = 360 - 289 50 = N70 10 W

3) R.B = N 42 30WWCB = 360- 42 30 = 317 30

4) R.B = S 31 48 EWCB = 180 - 31 48 = 148 12

Line FB BB DifferencePQ 12430 30430 18000QR 6815 2480 17945RS 31030 13515 17515SP 20015 1545 18430

Since the difference between FB and BB of stationQ,R,S is not equal to 180 they are affected by localattraction.

As the difference between FB and BB of line PQ is180, station P and Q are free from local attraction.Line QR :-

Observed FB of QR = 6815 is correct, as station Q isfree from local attraction.Hence, corrected BB of line QR = 6815 + 180 = 24815But the observed BB of QR = 24800Observed BB corrected BBError is negative and correction is positiveError = 24800 - 24815 = 015Correction at C = +015Line RS :-The observed FB, RS = 31030Apply correction of 015 at CFB RS = 31030 + 015Corrected FB RS = 31045Corrected BB RS = 31045 180 = 13045Observed BB RS = 13515 and Corrected BB RS

= 13045Corrected BB RS Correction BB RSError = 13515 - 13045 = 430Error is positiveHence correction is = 430Line SP :-

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4 (a)

(b)

Corrected FB SP = 20015- 430 = 19545

Corrected BB SP = 19545 - 180 = 1545 Check

Let,

Therefore included angles:-Angle (A) = 29030 - 2100 = 8030Angle (B) = 25030 - 11030 = 140Angle (C) = 19630 - 7030 = 126Angle (D) = 17530 - 1630 = 159Angle (E) = 35530 - 112 = 24330 180 (exterial Angle)Therefore, interial angle (E) = 360 - 24330 = 11630Angle (F) = 272 - 30 = 262 180 (exterial Angle)Therefore, interial angle (F) = 360 - 26230 = 98Therefore, interial angle (E) = 360 - 24330 = 11630Check (2n-4) 90 = (26-4) 90 = 720Therefore, Some of all angle =8030+140+126+159+11630+98 = 720 OkStation

BS IS FS HI RL Remark

1 0.625 100.875

100.250

RL onBM

2 0.910 99.965

3 0.450 100.425

4 1.240 99.635

5 0.855 1.395 100.3 99.48 CP-1

Line FB BBAB 29030 11030BC 25030 7030CD 13630 1630DE 17530 35530EF 112 292FA 30 210

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(c)

(c)

356 0.925 99.417 1.110 99.228 0.885 1.05 100.1

799.225

CP-2

9 1.125 99.045

10 0.555 99.615

Arithmetic Check :-BS FS = last RL first RL2.365 3 = 99615 100.250- 0.635 = - 0.635 Hence OkSample calculation :-Station 1HI = RL+BS = 100.250+0.625 = 100.875Station 2RL = HI IS at St 2 = 100.875 0.910 = 99.695

(i) There are three sources of Errora) Instrumental Error :-

Imperfect adjustment Sluggish bubble Faulty focusing tube faulty focusing tube The leveling staff

b) Refraction Error :- Earths curvature Atmospheric refraction Variations in temperature Settlement of tripod Wind vibration

c) Personal Error :- Mistakes in manipulation Mistake in reading the rod Errors in sighting Mistakes in recording

(ii) Precautions in Dumpy leveling.1) The adjustments of the level should be done

properly and tested carefully.2) Bubble must be in the centre of its run when the

B.S and F.S readings are taken.3) To eliminate the instrumental errors, the B.S and

F.S distance should be approximately equal.4) The leveling is carried during favorable

atmospheric conditions of light and temperature,

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5 (a)

(b)

Rainy and windy days are avoided.5) Check levels are taken by a different surveyor on

different days.6) Length of sight is limited to 100 m.7) Staff should be held exactly vertical to get correct

readings.

H. I. Method :- Less tedious, more rapid and simple method. Less number of calculations are required. Less accurate. There is no check on R.L. of intermediate points, hencepossibilities of more mistakes in calculation. The error in calculation of R.L. of any point is not carriedforward. Used for calculating the R.L. of profile leveling work, forpreparation of contour maps.

Rise and Fall Method :- The method is more tedious. More calculations are required. More accurate. There is a cross check on each R.L. of intermediatepoints and hence less chances of mistakes in calculation. The mistake made in calculation of R.L. of any point willbe carried forward. Used for precise leveling, fly leveling, fly leveling andcheck leveling.

1) Let PQR be the given line of section.

2) Mark point at 10 m intervals on this line.3) Level is set up on a firm ground at a suitable point

I1.4) Temporary adjustment of level is done and B.S. is

taken on B.M.5) The RL of collimation (HI) is worked out by adding

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(c)

(d)

B.S. to the R.L. of B.M. the chain is stretched fromP toward the point B.

6) Also, the staff readings are taken at 10 m points,and entered in the I.S column against therespective chainages.

7) Beside these points, the staff readings are taken atthe representative points for example sloqe ofground surface changes appreciably.

8) When it is found necessary to shift theinstruments on account of the length of sightexceeding about 100 m or the further points notbeing possible to be observed owing to theirregularities of the ground, CP1 is taken atsuitable position, and F.S is taken on it andentered in F.S column.

9) The instrument is then shifted and set up on firmground at I2 as before.

10) B.S is taken on CP1 and new HI is calculated.

1) Importance of change point :- In progress ofleveling work, when the reading on staff is notreadable properly through the telescope of dumpylevel, there it is necessary to shift the instrumentat the suitable place from where the reading onstaff can be read clearly. Sometimes obstructionlike tree, hill, heap, crest and trough in ground orany object comes in a way then it is necessary toshift the instrument at suitable place.

2) Importance of Bench mark :-Without knowingthe reduce level of any fix point the progress ofwork can not be done. It is noted that any levelingwork is first started from bench mark therefore, itis very necessary to know the fix RL of any onepoint.

Fundamental axes of Dumpy level :-1) Line of Colimation2) Axis of telescope3) Axis of level tube4) Vertical axis

Relationship between the axis :-1) The axis of bubble tube should be perpendicular

to vertical axis2) The line of sight (line of collimation) should be

parallel to the axis of bubble tube.

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(e)

(f)

Station

BS IS FS HI RL Remarks

A 0.585 500.585

500.00

BM

A1 0.935 499.65

A2 1.23 499.355

A3 2.845 497.74

A4 1.935 498.650

B 3.36 497.225

Lastpoint

Arithmetic Check :-BS FS = last RL - first RL0.585 3.36 = 497.225 500-2.775 = -2.775 OkSample Calculation :-Station A :-BS of A (X) = HI RL = 500.585 500 = 0.585mStation A1 :-RL of A1 (X) = HI IS = 500.585 0.935 = 499.65m

Characteristic of Contour Lines :-1) All points on the contour lines have same

elevations.2) Two contour lines of different elevations can not

cross each other. However, in case of over hangingcliff.

3) When contour lines come close together then itindicates steep slope.

4) When contour lines equally spaced, then itindicates uniform slope.

5) Closed contour lines with higher value insideindicate hill.

6) Close contour lines with lower value insideindicates a depression.

7) In case of ridge lines, contour lines cross ridge atright angles with higher elevations contour areinside loop.

8) In case of valley lines, contour lines are cross atthe valley at right angles with higher elevation

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6 (a)

(b)

(c)

contour outside the loop.

The following factors are consider while selecting contourinterval.

1) Nature of Ground.2) Scale of Map.3) Purpose and extent of the surveying.

Nature of Ground :- The contour interval is depends onnature of ground. For a flat ground a small interval isnecessary. If the ground is undulating or sloping thecontour interval will be large. So that each contour linescan be shown on toposheet accurately.

Importance of Contouring :-1) By studying the contour lines on map, the nature

of the ground is known.2) By studying the contour, the most suitable site can

be selected for dams, cannels, roads, sewers andrailways.

3) From the contour line on map, the quantities ofearth work for road, cannels, railway etc can becalculated.

4) With the help of contour, catchments area andcapacity of the reservoir can be calculated.

5) The most economical, suitable and feasible citesfor any engineering project can be obtainedapproximately.

6) A road, rail or cannel for a given slop and gradecan be traced out with the help of contour lines ofmap.

7) Topographical features of the area can be known.8) A route of a given grade line can be trace on the

map.

02

02

01 markfor eachpoints

2

04

04

04

(d)

(e)

(f)

Precautions :-1) The tracing point should move exactly on the

periphery of the plan of which area is to becomputed.

2) The drawing paper on which the figure is drawnshould be kept horizontal and smooth.

3) The average of three reading should be taken.

Given dataI.R. = 8.948F.R. = 3.835C = 20 (anchor point inside)N = -1 (anti clock wise direction)M = 100 cm2Therefore Area of figureA = M(F.R. I.R. 10N+C)A = 100(3.835 - 8.948 + 10 (-1) + 20)A = 488.7 cm2

Advantage :-1) Digital plan meter have reduce time and area of

figure can be determine in short time.2) Digital plan meter worked automatically on

battery.3) Manual calculations are not required.4) The area and volume can be obtain directly

because there is facility of change of scale.Disadvantages :-

1) It requires DC batteries.2) To handle digital plan meter skilled workers are

required.3) There is a possibility to make mistake in

measurement area.

A prismoid is defined as a solid whose end faces lie inparallel planes and consist of any two polygons, notnecessarily of the same number of sides, the longitudinalfaces being surface extended between the end planes. In general, a straight length of excavation may bedescribed as a solid bounded by two parallel plane endshaving the form of polygons, joined by longitudinal faceswhich will, usually though not necessarily, be planesurface. Let A0, A1,A2..An the areas of the cross section.D = Distance between cross-sectionV = The volume of a cutting or an embankment.

1

01

0102

02

02

04

04

Prismodial formula :-V = D/2 {A0+4A1+2A2+4A3+2A4+.2An-2+4An-1+An}

17310131413 Hours / 100 Marks Seat No.

P.T.O.

Instructions (1) All Questions are Compulsory.

(2) Answer each next main Question on a new page.

(3) Illustrate your answers with neat sketches wherevernecessary.

(4) Figures to the right indicate full marks.

(5) Assume suitable data, if necessary.

(6) Use of Non-programmable Electronic PocketCalculator is permissible.

(7) Mobile Phone, Pager and any other ElectronicCommunication devices are not permissible inExamination Hall.

Marks

1. a) Attempt any SIX of the following: 12

i) State the principles of survey.

ii) Define ranging.

iii) State the principle of optical square.

iv) Define long offset and short offset.

v) State the principle of plane table survey.

vi) Define line of collimation.

vii) Enlist the component of prismatic compass.

viii) What is True Meridian ?

17310 [ 2 ]Marks

b) Attempt any TWO of the following: 08

i) What is perpendicular and oblique offset ?

ii) Explain the method to overcome an obstacle in chaining,where vision and chaining both are obstructed

iii) Explain with neat sketch differential levelling.

2. Attempt any FOUR of the following: 16

a) What is plane and geodetic survey ?

b) Explain with neat sketch the procedure of indirect ranging.

c) State the procedure of setting offsets with optical square.

d) Compare whole circle bearing and quadrantal bearing system.

e) Explain temporary adjustment of plane table.

f) State the fundamental lines of dumpy level and give theirrelationship.


a) Draw conventional symbol for:

i) Cutting

ii) Embankment

iii) Marshy land

iv) Forest.

17310 [ 3 ]Marks

b) Explain the procedure of chaining of sloping ground.

c) Explain with neat sketch the construction of optical square.

d) B and C are two points on the opposite banks of a riveralong a chain line ABC which crosses the river at right anglesto the bank. From a point P which is 150m from B along thebank, the bearing of C is 305 30' and the bearing of A is215 30'. If the length AB is 200m, find the width of river.

e) Calculate back bearing for following bearings:

i) 135 30'

ii) 230

iii) S 40 30' W

iv) N 50 W.

f) Convert following bearing from R.B to W.C.B.

i) N 30 30' E

ii) S 60 E

iii) S 70 30' W

iv) N 65 W.


a) State the code of signals for ranging.

b) A 30m chain was tested before commencement of chainingwork. Line PQ was chained by it and observed length of PQwas 1230m. The chain was tested at the end of days workand was found to be 12cm too short. Find the correctdistance PQ.

P.T.O.

17310 [ 4 ]Marks

c) Plot the following cross staff survey of field and calculate itsarea in m2 as shown in Fig. No. 1.

Fig. No. 1

d) What is temporary adjustment of prismatic compass ?

e) What is fore bearing and back bearing of line and give theirrelationship ?

f) Given below are the bearings observed in a closed traverse.Determine which of the stations are affected by local attraction.State the values of corrected bearings.

Line FB BB

AB 124 30' 304 30'

BC 68 15' 246 00'

CD 310 30' 135 15'

DA 200 15' 17 45'

17310 [ 5 ]Marks


a) Explain with neat sketch open and close traverse.

b) State the different accessories with their use for plane tablesurvey.

c) What is orientation of plane table ? Explain back sightingmethod of orientation of plane table survey.

d) Explain intersection method of plane table survey.

e) Define the following terms used in levelling:

i) Level surface

ii) Datum line

iii) Reduced level

iv) Axis of telescope.

f) What is temporary adjustment of dumpy level ?

6. Attempt any TWO of the following: 16

a) The following readings were taken with a level and 4m staff.Draw up a level book page and calculate reduced levels byheight of instrument method. 0.578, 0.933, 1.768, 2.450, 3.005,0.567, 1.181, 1.888, 3.679, 0.612, 0.705 and 1.810. Theinstrument was shifted after 5th and 9th reading. The R.L. offirst station is 58.250m. Apply usual checks.

b) What are the sources of errors in levelling ? What precautionsshould be taken to guard against it ?

P.T.O.

17310 [ 6 ]Marks

c) Below is the page of a level book in which some of thereadings are missing and are marked as X. Find the valuesof the missing readings. Calculate RLs of all points. Applyusual checks.

Level page of the field book

Stn. B.S. I.S. F.S. Rise Fall R.L. Remarks

A 275.000 B.M.

B 1.060 1.975 1.500 C.P.1

C 1.550

D 272.440

E 2.380 1.785 C.P.2

F 1.325 0.895 C.P.3

G Last point

17310131413 Hours / 100 Marks

17310

1


(Autonomous)

(ISO/IEC-270001 2005 certified)


Subject code: 17310 Model Answer Page No:1/ 24

Important Instructions to examiners:

1) The answer should be examined by keywords and not as word-to-word as given in the

model answer scheme.

2) The model answer and the answer written by candidate may vary but the examiner may try

to assess the understanding level of the candidate.

3) The language error such as grammatical, spelling errors should not be given more

importance. (Not applicable for subject English and communication skill).

4) While assessing figures, examiner may give credit for principal components indicated in the

figure. The figure drawn by candidate and model answer may vary. The examiner may give

credit for any equivalent figure drawn.

5) Credits may be given step wise for numerical problems. In the some cases, the assumed

constants values may vary and there may be some difference in the candidates answer and

model answer.

6) In case of some questions credit may be given by judgment on part of examiner of relevant

answer based on candidates understanding.

Q1)a)Attempt any SIX of the following 12

i)State the principles of survey

Following are the principles of surveying

01. To work from the whole to the part.

02. To fix the position of new station by at least two independent processes ( i.e the

processes may be both linear, both angular, one linear & one angular)

1

1

ii)Define ranging

The operation of establishing intermediate points on a straight line between the

terminal points (end points) is known as ranging.

2

17310

2

iii)State the principle of optical square-

If there are two plane mirrors whose reflecting surfaces makes a given angle with each other

and if a ray of light in a plane perpendicular to planes of the both mirrors if reflected

successively from both, it undergoes a deviation of twice the angle between the reflecting

surfaces.

OR

The angle between the first incident ray and last reflected ray is twice the angle between the

two mirrors.

2

iv) Define long offset and short offset.

Long offset- Offset having length more than 15 meter is known as long offset

Short offset- Offset having length less than 15 meter is known as short offset

1

1

v)State the principle of plane table survey

1) The rays drawn from different point should pass thought a single point that

represents the position plane table.

2) Parallelism is the principle of plane table survey.

3) The rays drawn from the station to objects on the paper are parallel to the lines from

the station to the objects on the ground

*(Any two 1 mark each).

*

vi)Define line of collimation

The line joining the intersection of cross hairs on diaphragm to the optical center of object

glass and its continuation is known as line of collimation.

2

vii) Enlist the components of prismatic compass.

Following are the component parts of prismatic compass.

1)Compass box.2) Pivot3)Magnetic needle 4) Agate cap 5)Compass ring 6)Glass cover

7)Prism 8)Prism cap 9)Eye vane 10)Hinged sunglasses 11)Focusing stud for prism

12)Hinged strap 13)Object vane 14)Horse hair 15)Adjustable mirror 16)Break pin or knob

17)Spring break 18)Lifting pin 19)Lifting liver

*(Any four mark each)

*

viii) What is true Meridian?

The line in which the plane passing through the given point and the true north and true south

poles intersect the surface of earth is known as true meridian.

2

17310

3

b )Attempt any two of the following 8

i)What is perpendicular and oblique offset ?

Perpendicular Offset-The measurement which are made at right angle to the survey line are

known as perpendicular offset.

OR

Perpendicular Offset-When the lateral measurement are taken perpendicular to the chain

line, they are known as perpendicular Offset

Fig. Perpendicular Offset

Oblique offset The measurement which are not made at right angle to the survey line are

known as oblique offsets.

OR

Oblique offset Any offsets not perpendicular to the chain line said to the oblique.

LINE

01

01

01

01

ii)Explain the method to overcome an obstacle in chaining, where vision and chaining both

are abstracted .

Suppose PR is the chain line (As shown below inn fig.).Two point A and B are selected on

it at one side of the building .Equal perpendicular AE and BF are erected .The line E F is

extended until the building is crossed. On the extended line two point G and H are selected

.Then perpendicular G C and H D are so erected that

02

17310

4

G C=H D=E A=F B

Thus the point C, D, A and B will lie on the same straight line PR.

Hence, BC=F G

The distance FG is measured , and is equal to the required distance BC

01

01

iii) Explain with near sketch differential leveling.

Fig. Differential leveling

Differential leveling is used to find out the difference in elevation between two

point under following condition

1)If they are too far apart or 2)If the difference in elevation between them is too great or

3)If there are obstacles intervening.

It is also used to establish bench marks

Procedure-Suppose it is required to know the difference between station A and

B. The level is set up at points O1,O2,O3 etc. After temporary adjustment staff readings are

taken at every setup . The points C,D are known as change point. Calculate RLs of all points

and find difference between A and B.

*(Note-sketch 2 marks, Explanation and procedure 2 marks)

*

Q.2 Attempt any four of the following - 16

a)What is plane and geodetic survey

Plane survey-1) In plane survey curvature of earth is not taken into account. *

17310

5

2) It extends over small areas.

3) The earth surface is considered as plane.

4) The line connecting any two points are assumed as straight and angles of polygon as

plane angles.

5) The surveys up to 250 km2 areas are considered under.

*(Any two Points 02 Marks)

Geodetic survey-

1) These survey are done by Survey of India Dept.

2) Curvature of earth is taken in to account.

3) It extends over large distances and areas.

4) The fig. formed by the line joining three points on the mean surfaces of the earth is a

spherical triangle.

5) The lines forming its sides arcs of great circles and the angles are spherical.

*(Any two Points 02 Marks)

Note:- Consider if point are explained with sketch

*

b)Explain with neat sketch the procedure of indirect ranging

Step wise procedure indirect ranging i.e. reciprocal ranging-

Let A and B be the two statio

Documents

BDR 1 Survey 2 Mos 3