Traditional use of turmeric ‒ • Turmeric powder in culinary applications• Conventional turmeric extracts contain only Curcuminoids• Very low retention in blood

Curcuminoids 2-6%Volatile oil 3-7%Carbohydrates 60-70%Moisture 6-13%Fat 5-10%Protein 6-8%Mineral matter 3-7%Fiber 2-7%

CCURRCUUUMMMINOIDDDS

Desmethoxy curcuminBis desmethoxy curcumin1 1

2

2

VOLATILE OIL

TurmeronesAr-turmerone

Most active ingredient in turmeric, but very poor in oral bio availability

BCM‒95 is 6.93 times more bio-available than Curcumin

Human Crossover Study to evaluate Bio- availabil-ity of BCM‒95, Indian journal of pharmaceutical sciences, July ‒ August 2008, 445 - 449

P glycoprotein (Pgp)- an important protein of cell membrane , widely distributed in intestine

Function • Pumps xenobiotocs out of cells into intestinal lumen• leads to reduced absorption and low bioavailabilityRole of Pgp in curcumin absorption• Increase the outflow (efflux) of curcumin into intestinal lumen• Hence poor bioavailabilityHow does turmerone help• Turmerones are inhibitors of Pgp• Prevent the efflux of curcumin back to intestine• Thereby increase the bioavailability of curcumin in bodyConclusion• Curcumin is better bioavailable in presence of turmerones

At the low dose, Turmerones markedly suppressed adenoma multiplicity by 73%

Curcumin at both doses suppressed adenocarcinoma multiplicity by 63-69%Combination of Curcumin and Turmerone at both low/high doses abolished tumor formation

Curcumin + Turmerones, abolishes inflammation in colon carcinogenesis.

Incidence (%) % Inhibition of multiplicity

Adenoma Adenocarcinoma Adenoma Adenocarcinoma DMH/DSS 88 88 - -

DMH/DSS+20 ppm TUR 22 67 73 57

DMH/DSS+100 ppm TUR 50 100 45 32

DMH/DSS+1000 ppm CUR 22 50 59 69

DMH/DSS+5000 ppm CUR 50 50 59 63DMH/DSS+20 ppm TUR & 1000 ppm CUR 0 0 100 100DMH/DSS+100 ppm TUR & 5000 ppmCUR 0 0 100 100

No treatment 0 0 - -

DMH : Dimethyl hydrazine; DSS: Detran sulfate sodium

Reference: Murakami et al, Curcumin combined with turmerones, essential oil components of turmeric, abolishes inflammation-associated mouse colon carcinogenesis. Biofactors. 2013;39(2):221-32.

Curcuminoids

Ar-Turmerone

Curcuminoids and sesquiterpenoids in turmeric suppress an increase in blood glucose level in type 2 diabetic KK-Ay mice.

Results indicated that turmeric extract containing both curcuminoids and sesquiterpenoids was more strongly hypoglycemic than either curcuminoids or sesquiter-penoids.

Blood glucose level in KK-Ay mice fed diet alone (Cont) or diet containing curcuminoids (C), Turmerones (T) or combination of C + T

Reference: Nishiyama et al, Curcuminoids and sesquiterpenoids in turmeric (Curcuma longa L) suppress an increase in blood glucose level in type 2 diabetic KK-Ay mice. J Agric Food Chem. 2005; 53 (4): 959-63.

• Bloodstream retention for a very short time• Long- term health safety concerns

• Very low levels detected

• Curcumin not detected• Only C glucuronide and sulfate

Curcumin + Piperine

Curcumin + Soy Lecithin

Curcumin + Phosphatidyl Choline

• Contains upto 75% PVP - a synthetic binder allowed only 10% in supplement by FDA

• Measured only C metabolite

• Combination of curcumin with vanillin, sustained release, etc.

• No scientific proof, unrealistic claims

• Low levels of curcumin and very high levels of emulsifier

• Studies conducted on liquid product and capsules ( powder)

Curcumin + Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP)

Others

Liquid Based Curcumin

• Long term health safety concernsNano Curcumin

Total Clinical Studies - 50+ Total Granted Patents - 50

Total Publications - 42

Total Ongoing Patents - 7

Countries Present - 52

1 US7736679 Composition2 US 7879373 Process3 US8153172 Method of preparation of gelatin capsule4 US 7883728 Composition5 US 8197869 Process6 US 8329233 Process7 US 8895087 Composition+process8 JP 5039032 Composition9 JP 5511895 Composition10 US8623431 Product by process11 US8993013 Product by process12 US 8859020 Application13 US9492402 Product by process+ Application14 US 9878040 Composition+process15 US 9861677 Physiological claim16 EP 2555787 Application

Salient Features• GRAS Affirmed• Halal and Kosher Certified • GMP Certified • ISO 22000 Certified

• Conforms to California’s Proposition 65 stringent standards on heavy metals

• Produced using only clean solar energy

• Enhanced bioavailability and retention in blood• High bioactivity at lower doses• 100% turmeric composition• Safety proven by detailed toxicity study

Complies to • BAP and PAH4 limit as per new EU regulation EC/1933/2015.• Acceptable intake of residual solvents guideline set BY EU where Class 3 solvents are used which is considered to be Solvents with low toxic potential.

• Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 February 2005 on maximum residue levels of pesticides

• Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 of 19 December 2006 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants such as Heavy Metals (lead, cadmium, mercury, tin) in food ingredients.

• Adheres to EU regulation on maximum level of Aflatoxins in food ingredients.

General Dosage• 500 mg twice daily

ALZHEMER’S DISEASE NEUROLOGICAL DISEASES

CANCER DEPRESSION

DIABETESPULMONARY & GIT DIESEASE

ARTHRITISAUTOIMMUNE DISEASES

3 Studies

Others Osteoarthritis

Cognitive Health

Depression

Inflammatory Response

Prostate Health

Cancer

Rheumatoid arthritis

4 Studies

1 Study2 Studies

4 Studies

1 Study1 Study

2 Studies

Alzheimers @ Karviah, Sydney, Australia

Color Health @ Baylor, Dallas, TX

Cognitive Health @ Edith Cowen, Perth

Australia

Cervical Health @ Baylor, Dallas TX

ADD & ADHO @ Murdoch University, Perth, Australia

Breast Mastaktonny @ University of Michi-gan, Muchigan USA

Depression @ Murdoch University, Perth, Australia

Endotoxins@Uni-versity of Glasgow,

Scottland UK

Effect of citrus polyphenol- and curcumin-supplemented diet oninflammatory state in obese cats.

British Journal of Nutrition (2011), 106, S198‒S201.

Animal Study

• Citrus and curcumin supplementation lower plasma APP (Acute-phase protein)levels.

• An inflammatory state in obese cats that could be improved by dietary citrus and curcumin supplementation, especially through an action targeted on the liver.

Title Type Findings

STUDY 1

A Randomized, Pilot Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Curcumin in Patients with Active Rheumatoid ArthritisPHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCHPhytother. Res. (2012).Baylor University Medical Center.

Human Study Effective for the management of rheumatoid arthritis.

Title Type Findings

STUDY 2

Synergistic and Additive Effects of Modified Citrus Pectin With Two Polybotanical Compounds, in the Suppression of Invasive Behavior of Human Breast and Prostate Cancer Cells.

Integrative Cancer Therapies12(2) 145‒ 152.

Indiana University Health, Indianapolis.

Invitro

• Combination of PectaSol-C modified citrus pectin with BreastDefendor ProstaCaid synergistically inhibits adhesion of breast or prostate cancer cells.

• BreastDefend contains turmeric extract (BCM 95).

• ProstaCaid contains turmeric extract (BCM 95).

Title Type Findings

STUDY 3

A Pilot Clinical Trial of Radioprotective Effects of Curcumin Supplementation in Patients with Prostate CancerJ Cancer SciTher 2013, 5.10National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Iran.

HCT

Curcumin can confer radioprotective effect in patients with prostate cancer who undergo radiation therapy through reducing the severity of radiotherapy related urinary symptoms.

Title Type Findings

STUDY 4

Clinical evaluation of a formulation containing Curcuma longa and Boswellia serrata extracts in the management of knee osteoarthritis.

MOLECULAR MEDICINE REPORTS 8: 1542-1548, 2013.

Anugraha Medical Centre, Kakkanad.

HCT

The formulation containing Curcuma longa and Boswellia serrata extracts (CB formulation) was evaluated for safety and efficacy in osteoarthritic patients. CB formulation demonstrated a greater improvement in the treat¬ment of OA than celecoxib in the scores for pain, walking distance and joint line tenderness. The CB formulation was equally as effective as celecoxib in alleviating crepitus, and increasing the range of joint movements.

Title Type Findings

STUDY 5

Efficacy and Safety of Curcumin in Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCHPhytother. Res. (2013).

Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas.

HCT

This study provides first clinical evidence that curcumin may be used as an effective and safe modality for treatment in patients with Major Depressive Disorder without concurrent suicidal ideation or other psychotic disorders.

Title Type Findings

STUDY 6

Curcumin for the treatment of major depression: A ran-domised, double-blind, placebo controlled study.

Journal ofAffectiveDisor-ders167(2014)368‒375.

MurdochUniversity,Perth, Western Australia.

HCT

• Enhanced anti- depressant and anxio-lytic efficacy of curcuminin in atypical depression characterized by mood reactivity to actual or potential positive events and two or more of the following features:

• Significant weight gain or increased appetite.

• Hypersomnia ,leaden paralysis. • A long-standing pattern of interpersonal rejection sensitivity.

Title Type Findings

STUDY 7

Curcumin for the treatment of major depression: A ran-domised, double-blind, placebo controlled study.

Journal ofAffectiveDisor-ders167(2014)368‒375.

Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia.

HCT

Title Type Findings

• Compared to healthy individuals, and people with melancholic or non-atyp-ical depression, atypical depression is often associated with higher levels of inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein(CRP).

• Due to the anti- inflammatory effects of curcumin, it is this immuno-inflamma-tory dysregulation that may account for the increased efficacy of curcuminin in atypical depression.

STUDY 7

Curcumin Suppresses Crosstalk between Colon Cancer Stem Cells and Stromal Fibroblasts in the Tumor Microenvironment: Potential Role of EMT.PLoS ONE 9(9): e107514. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0107514.

Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich.

Invitro

Title Type Findings

Enrichment of cancer stem cells, the re-markable activation of tumor-promoting factors and epithelial-to- mesenchymal transition (EMT)[The epithelial‒mesen-chymal transition (EMT) is a process by which epithelial cells lose their cell polar-ity and cell-cell adhesion, and gain migra-tory and invasive properties to become mesenchymal stem cells]. in high density co-culture highlights that the crosstalk in the tumor microenvironment (cellular

STUDY 8

Curcumin Suppresses Crosstalk between Colon Cancer Stem Cells and Stromal Fibroblasts in the Tumor Microenvironment: Potential Role of EMT.PLoS ONE 9(9): e107514. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0107514.

Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich.

Invitro

Title Type Findings

environment in which the tumor exists,) plays an essential role in tumor develop-ment and progression, and this interaction appears to be mediated at least in part by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)that control cell growth, cell proliferation-and EMT. Modulation of this synergistic crosstalk by curcumin might be a poten-tial therapy forcolorectal cancer (CRC) and suppress metastasis.

STUDY 8

Curcumin Chemosensitiz-es 5-Fluorouracil Resistant MMR-Deficient Human Colon CancerCells in High Density Cultures.

PLoS ONE 9(1): e85397. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0085397.

Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich.

Invitro

Title Type Findings

• Curcumin individually or in combination with the conventional colon cancer chemotherapeutic agent could serve as an effective therapeutic strategy to prevent the emergence of chemo resistant colon cancer cells by reducing cancer stem cells.

• Reduced toxicity when using toxic chemotherapeutic drugs.

STUDY 9

Curcumin Chemosensitiz-es 5-Fluorouracil Resistant MMR-Deficient Human Colon CancerCells in High Density Cultures.

PLoS ONE 9(1): e85397. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0085397.

Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich.

Invitro

Title Type Findings

• Combination treatment of phyto-chemicals together with conventional chemotherapeutic agents can be very beneficial for the patients in enhancing the clinical therapy and simultaneously reducing side effects through lower dosage requirements.

STUDY 9

Curcumin potentiates antitumor activity of 5-fluorouracil in a 3D alginate tumormicroenvironment of colorectal cancer.

BMC Cancer (2015) 15:250.

Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich.

Invitro

Title Type Findings

• Curcumin sensitizes CRC cells to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU).

• Combination of curcumin and 5-FU may be useful to overcome 5-FU resistance in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients.

STUDY 10

Novel Evidence for Curcumin and Boswellic Acid‒Induced Chemoprevention through Regulation of miR-34a and miR-27a in Colorectal Cancer.

Invitro

Title Type Findings

Combination of curcumin and AKBA enhances cytotoxicity and inhibits proliferation of colorectal cancer.

STUDY 11

Curcumin and major depression: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial investigat-ing the potential of peripheral biomarkers to predict treatment response and antidepressant mechanisms of change.

EurNeuropsychopharmacol. 2015 Jan;25(1):38-50. doi: 10.1016/j.Murdoch university , Aus.

HCT

Title Type Findings

• In curcumin-treated individuals was associated with greater reductions in IDS-SR30 score.

• The 30 item Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (IDS) is designed to assess the severity of depressive symptoms.

• IDS is available in the clinician (IDS-C30) and self-rated versions (IDS-SR30).

STUDY 12

Curcumin and major depression: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial investigat-ing the potential of peripheral biomarkers to predict treatment response and antidepressant mechanisms of change.

EurNeuropsychopharmacol. 2015 Jan;25(1):38-50. doi: 10.1016/j.Murdoch university , Aus.

HCT

Title Type Findings

• The IDS assess all the criterion symptom domains designated by the American Psychiatry Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.

STUDY 12

Curcumin mediates chemosensi-tization to 5-fluorouracil through miRNA-induced suppression of epithelialto- mesenchymal tran-sition in chemoresistant colorec-tal cancer Carcinogenesis, 2015, Vol. 36, No. 3, 355‒367.

Baylor University Medical Center.

Animal

Title Type Findings

• Curcumin-mediated sensitizationto 5FU (5-fluorouracil) in CRC (colorec-tal cancer) cells occurs through the suppression of EMT (epithelial‒mesen-chymal transition) and PRC (polycomb repressive complex), which are regu-lated by miRNAs (microRNA).

• Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are master regulators of proliferation and development that play essential roles in human pathologies including cancers.

STUDY 13

BCM-95 and (2-hydroxypro-pyl)-β-cyclodextrin reverse autophagy dysfunction and deplete stored lipids inSap C-deficient fibroblasts.

Invitro

Title Type Findings

• BCM-95 or HP-β-CD therapy could be used to treat clinically relevant sec-ondary pathological aspects in Sap C deficiency.

• The ability of these two agents to enhance lysosomal function could be used to achieve new therapies for the treatment of other lysosomal storage diseases.

STUDY 14

BCM-95 and (2-hydroxypro-pyl)-β-cyclodextrin reverse autophagy dysfunction and deplete stored lipids inSap C-deficient fibroblasts. Invitro

Title Type Findings

• SAP-C seems to be essential for the degradation of glucosylceramide. Its genetic defect causes accumulation of the lipid also in the brain. In liver and spleen, a large accumulation of glucosylceramide, but not of other lipids, is found, while the level of β-glucosidase is normal.

STUDY 14

BCM-95 and (2-hydroxypro-pyl)-β-cyclodextrin reverse autophagy dysfunction and deplete stored lipids inSap C-deficient fibroblasts. Invitro

Title Type Findings

Lactosylceramide

Glucosylceramide

Ceramide Galactosylceramide

Gaucher Krabbe disease

GalCer- - GalactosidaseGMI- - GalactosidaseSAP - B and SAP-C

GalCer- - GalactosidaseSAP - B and SAP-C

- GalactosidaseSAP-C

STUDY 14

Evaluation of antidepressant like activity of Curcumin And its combination with fluoxetine and imipramine: An acute and chronic study.ActaPoloniaePharmaceutica ñ Drug Research, Vol. 68 No. 5 pp. 769ñ775, 2011.Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College, Bhavnagar.

Animal study

Title Type Findings

• Curcumin increased both the swimming and climbing behavior in FST (Forced Swim Test).

• Its antidepressant like activity could be due to an increase in serotonin, norepi-nephrine and dopamine levels in the brain.

• Curcumin can be a useful antidepres-sant especially in cases which respond to drugs having mixed effects on serotonin and catecholamines levels in the brain.

STUDY 15

Comparative Study of the Effica-cy of Curcumin and Turmeric Oil as Chemopreventive Agents inOral Submucous Fibrosis: A Clinical and Histopathological Evaluation.Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology, April-June 2010;22(2):88-92.Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Kerala.

HCT

Title Type Findings

The therapy with curcumin and turmeric oil is beneficial, affordable and noninva-sive form of treatment in patients with OSMF(Oral submucous fibrosis).

STUDY 16

Oral Bioavailability of BCM-95® in Dogs” Poster presentation. 2009 ACVIM Forum/ Canadian VMA Convention: June 3-6, 2009;Montréal, Québec, Canada.

Animal

Title Type Findings

The BCM-95 group had approximately 7-fold increase in absorption over plain curcumin over 8 hours and approximate-ly 9-fold increase over plain curcumin when measured for 12 hours.

STUDY 17

A Pilot Cross-Over Study to Evaluate Human Oral Bioavail-ability of BCM-95® CG (Biocur-cumaxTM), A NovelBioenhanced Preparation of Curcumin.

HCT

Title Type Findings

• Curcumin is absorbed early and re-tained longer from the BCM-95®CG (BiocurcumaxTM) composition com-pared to normal curcumin as well as from curcumin-lecithin-piperine combi-nation.

• The results also indicate a probable role for the non-curcuminoid compo-nents of turmeric (especially Artur-merone) in the absorbability of curcumin in vivo.

STUDY 18

Curcumin effects on blood lipid profile in a 6-month human study.

Pharmacological Research 56 (2007) 509‒514.

The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin,

HCT

Title Type Findings

Curcumin may increase rather than decrease cholesterol concentration.

STUDY 19

Bioavailability of Biocurcumaxtm(BCM ‒ 95). HCT

Title Type Findings

Curcumin from Biocurcumax is retained in the blood for more than 8 hours in blood with higher level of curcumin in the blood.

STUDY 20

Effect of a topical curcumin preparation (BIOCURCUMAX) on burn wound healing in ratsJPBMS, 2011, 08 (23) 1Dept. of Pharmacology, American university of Antigua.

Animal

Title Type Findings

Topical curcumin preparation is effective in healing burn wound and the effect was comparable to that of standard drug i.e. silver sulfadiazine.

STUDY 21

The Effect of Exercise and Nutritional Supplementation on Proinflammatory Cytokine Expression in Young RacehorsesDuring Training Journal of Equine Veterinary Science xxx (2012) 1-11 University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY

Animal

Title Type Findings

• Although training itself was associated with an overall reduction in inflamma-tory markers, horses receiving the sup-plement exhibited further reductions in their indicators of inflammation.

• As such, this study provides novel evidence of nutritional supplementation reducing post exercise inflammation.

STUDY 22

Evaluation of antiepileptic and memory retention activity of curcumin per se and in combination with antiepileptic drugs.Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research.Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College, Bhavnagar.

Animal

Title Type Findings

• This study shows that curcumin has antiepileptic activity in PTZ (Penty-lenetetrazole ) induced seizure and has synergistic activity in combination with sodium valproate.

• So, curcumin can be used as an antiepi-leptic in absence seizure alone and as add on with sodium valproate.

STUDY 23

Anti-inflammatory activity of BCM-95 (bio-enhanced formula-tion of turmeric with increased bioavailabilty) compared to Curcumin in Wistar rats.Pharmacognosy Journal, Vol 8, Issue 4, Jul-Aug, 2016 380.

Kasturba Medical College, Mangaluru, Manipal University, Manipal, INDIA.

Animal

Title Type Findings

Curcuminoids 95% (Curcumin) and BCM 95 had significant anti-inflammatory activity. The anti-inflammatory activity of BCM 95 is comparable to standard control group.

STUDY 24

Systematic and comprehen-sive investigation of the toxicity of curcuminoid essential oil complex: A bioavailable turmeric formulation

MOLECULAR MEDICINE REPORTS 13: 592-604, 2016

DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4579

Animal

Title Type Findings

CEC had no toxic effects in the animal models used, as per OECD guidelines. The results of the in vitro assessment also confirmed the non toxicity and safety of CEC. Taken together, CEC was observed to be non toxic and safe, and was supported by evidence from inves-tigations of acute toxicity, repeated dose toxicity and mutagenicity. CEC: Curcumin Essential Oil Complex

STUDY 25

Curcumin and cognition: a randomised, placebo-con-trolled, double-blind study of community-dwelling older adults British Journal of Nutrition, page 1 of 8 doi:10.1017/S0007114516001203

Animal

Title Type Findings

Prevent cognitive decline in a population of community-dwelling older adults. curcumin would have an effect on attenuating cognitive decline, rather than a direct effect on improving cognitive function.

STUDY 26

Effect of Curcumin Supple-mentation During Radiotherapy on Oxidative Status of Patients with Prostate Cancer: A Double Blinded, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled StudyNUTRITION AND CANCER2016, VOL. 0, NO. 0, 1‒9Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran;

HCT

Title Type Findings

Curcumin, an antioxidant agent, can increase the TAC(total antioxidant capacity) while it decreases the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD (Superoxide dismutase)in patients with prostate cancer receiving radiotherapy. It was also showed that curcumin improves the antioxidant status of them without compromising the therapeutic efficacy of radiotherapy.

STUDY 27

A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Phase IIB Trial of Curcumin in Oral LeukoplakiaDOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-15-0390

3Roswell Park Cancer Insti-tute, Buffalo,New York.

HCT

Title Type Findings

• Oral leukoplakia is a potentially malig-nant lesion of the oral cavity, for which no effective treatment is available.

• Treatment of oral leukoplakia with curcumin was well tolerated and demonstrated significant and durable clinical response.

STUDY 28

The efficacy and safety of a combination of glucosamine hydrochloride, chondroitin sulfate and bio-curcumin with exercise in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-con-trolled study.Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2016 Jun;52(3):321-30. Epub 2016 Mar 3.

Bio-Medico university , Italy.

HCT

Title Type Findings

Treatment with Bio- Curcumin BCM-95® with GH (Glucosamine Hydrochloride) and CS(Chondroitin Sulfate), accompanied by physical therapy, may improve pain symptoms during the activities of daily living and reduce algofunctionalLe-quesne Index values in mild to moderate knee OA (OsteoArthritis) patients.The index is used to assess the severity of osteoarthritis affecting knee joint through evaluation of daily activity and function.

STUDY 29

Short Report of a Preliminary Open Studyof Synofit-Contain-ing Bio-Curcumin,Greenlipped Mussel and Blackcurrant LeafExtract in Arthritis.

Open Journal of Rheumatolo-gy and Autoimmune Diseases, 2015, 5, 113-117.

Molière-Longchamp Hospital, Brussels.

HCT

Title Type Findings

Curcumin, greenlipped mussels and blackcurrant leaf have the reputation to bring some benefit in arthritis; for the first time, they are associated in one capsule and within 4 weeks of adminis-tration in low back pain and knee osteoarthritis, a slight but significant benefit is observed.

STUDY 30

Efficacy of curcumin, and a saffron/curcumin combination for the treatment of major depression: A randomised, double-blind, placebo- controlled study

Journal of Affective Disorders 207 (2017) 188‒196Murdoch University, Perth

HCT

Title Type Findings

Active drug treatments comprising differing doses of curcumin and combined curcumin/saffron were effective in reducing depressive and anxiolytic symptoms in people with major depressive disorder.

STUDY 31

Effect of Infla-Kine supple-mentationon the gene expres-sion of inflammatory markers in peripheral mononuclear cells and onC-reactive protein in blood

J Transl Med (2017) 15:213

The Riordan Clinic, Wichita, KS, USA.

HCT

Title Type Findings

• Twice daily administration of Infla-Kine for 4 weeks reduces inflammatory markers and quality of life in healthy volunteers.

• Infla-Kine is a natural supplement com-prised of a proprietary blend of Lacto-bacillus fermentumextract, burdock seed (arctigenin), zinc, alpha lipoic acid, papaya enzyme and an enhanced absorption-bio-curcumin complex (BCM-95®).

STUDY 32

Risperidone-induced metabolic dysfunction is attenuated by Curcuma longa extract administration in miceMetab Brain Dis DOI 10.1007/s11011-017-0133-yUniversity of Lille, France.

Animal

Title Type Findings

• Curcumin treatment can partially counteract the metabolism disorders induced by risperidone at the levels of the metabolic pathways of fatty acids and glucose.

STUDY 33

Risperidone-induced metabolic dysfunction is attenuated by Curcuma longa extract administration in miceMetab Brain Dis DOI 10.1007/s11011-017-0133-yUniversity of Lille, France.

Animal

Title Type Findings

• Antipsychotics, such as risperidone, increase food intake and induce alteration in glucose and lipid metabolism concomitantly with overweight and body fat increase, these biological abnormalities belong to the metabolic syndrome definition (high visceral adiposity, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycemia, low HDL-cholesterol and high blood pressure).

STUDY 34

Curcumin and metformin-me-diated chemoprevention of oralcancer is associated with inhibition of cancer stem cells.

Molecular Carcinogenesis. 2017;56:2446‒2460.

Narayana Health, Bangalore,

Animal

Title Type Findings

• Curcumin in combination with metformin shows clinical response. Post-chemopreventive treatment, the animals showed a reduced tumor size in all the treatment arms.

• Clinical response of the animals was assessed by average tumor volume and Survival. The average tumor volume was reduced in the treatment arms.

STUDY 35

Essential turmeric oils enhanceanti-inflammatory efficacy ofcurcumin in dextran sulfate sodiuminducedcolitisScientific Reports | 7: 814 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-017-00812-6 1Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas,

Animal

Title Type Findings

ETO-curcumin (Essential Turmeric Oil ‒Curcumin) improved disease activity index (DAI) dose-dependently,while the anti-inflammatory efficacy of standardcurcumin remained constant, suggesting that ETO-curcumin may provide superior anti-inflammatory efficacy compared to standard curcumin.

STUDY 36

Efficacy and safety of curcumin and its combination with bo-swellic acid inosteoarthritis: a comparative, randomized,double-blind, placebo- controlled study.BMC Complementary and Al-ternative Medicine (2018) 18:7.Yerevan State Medical Univer-sity of Armenia.

HCT

Title Type Findings

• Use of curcumin complex or its com-bination with boswellic acid reduces pain-related symptoms in patients with OA.

• Curcumin in combination with boswellic acid is more effective.

• Combining Curcuma longa and Boswellia serrata extracts in Curamin® increases the efficacy of OA(Osteoarthritis) treat-ment presumably due to synergistic effects of curcumin and boswellic acid.

STUDY 37

Suppression of Proliferation and Invasive Behavior of Human Metastatic Breast Cancer Cells by DietarySupplement BreastDefend.

Integrative Cancer Therapies XX(X) 1‒ 9.

Title Type Findings

BD (BreastDefend)inhibits proliferation and invasive behavior of the highly metastatic human breast cancer cells in vitro. BD may have a therapeutic potential for prevention or treatment of highly metastatic breast cancers.

Invitro

STUDY 38

Suppression of growth and invasive behavior of human prostate cancer cells by ProstaCaidTM: Mechanism of activity.INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 38: 1675-1682, 2011.Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis IN, USA.

Title Type Findings

• ProstaCaid is a novel dietary supple-ment that contains multiple ingredients which show an anti-proliferation effect on androgen-dependent and -indepen-dent prostate cancer cells.

• The results show that PC inhibits prolif-eration and invasive behavior of pros-tate cancer cells by the modulation of the expression of genes associated with prostate cancer.

Invitro

STUDY 39

Suppression of growth and invasive behavior of human prostate cancer cells by ProstaCaidTM: Mechanism of activity.INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 38: 1675-1682, 2011.Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis IN, USA.

Title Type Findings

Invitro

• The data suggest that PC has multiple targets for its therapeutic effect.

• The biological activity of PC is mediated by the additive or synergistic effects of its individual ingredients.

• In summary, PC may have potential clinical application for an alternative prostate cancer therapy.

STUDY 39

ProstaCaid Induces G2/M Cell CycleArrest and Apop-tosis in Human and Mouse Androgen‒Dependent and ‒Independent Prostate Cancer Cells.

Integrative Cancer Therapies9(2) 186‒ 196.Columbia University Medical Center, New York.

Title Type Findings

Invitro

• Data from the studies indicate that ProstaCaid has anti-cancer activities in both AD and AI (androgen-dependent (AD) and independent (AI) )prostate can-cer cells at very low concentrations.

• Prostate cancers need relatively high levels of androgens to grow. Such pros-tate cancers are referred to as androgen dependent or androgen sensitive be-cause treatments that decrease andro-

STUDY 40

ProstaCaid Induces G2/M Cell CycleArrest and Apop-tosis in Human and Mouse Androgen‒Dependent and ‒Independent Prostate Cancer Cells.Integrative Cancer Therapies9(2) 186‒ 196.

Columbia University Medical Center, New York.

Title Type Findings

Invitro

gen levels or blockandrogen activity can inhibit their growth.

• The dependency of prostate cancer growth and progression on testicular androgens, and hormonal ablation, either surgically or chemically, has been the main treatment for advanced pros-tate carcinoma.

STUDY 41

ProstaCaid Induces G2/M Cell CycleArrest and Apop-tosis in Human and Mouse Androgen‒Dependent and ‒Independent Prostate Cancer Cells.Integrative Cancer Therapies9(2) 186‒ 196.

Columbia University Medical Center, New York.

Title Type Findings

Invitro

• However, hormonal therapy only tem-porarily relieves the clinical symptoms, and no effective therapy is available for treating prostate cancer once the tumour becomes hormone independent.

STUDY 41

The Role of Turmerones on Curcumin Transportation and P-Glycoprotein Activities in Intestinal Caco-2 Cells

J Med Food 15 (3) 2012, 242‒252 2State Key Lab-oratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China,

Title Type Findings

Invitro

In the presence of turmerones,amounts of curcumin transported from the apical side to the basolateral side (absorption) of Caco-2 cell monolayers were relatively higher than those without turmerones

STUDY 42