Bci Presenttation

8/11/2019 Bci Presenttation

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Pratishruti Jain 1

BRAIN-COMPUTER INTERFACE

Presented by:-Priya Mittal

Shailly Verma

MSc.(CS)|||rd sem

Supervised by:-

Mr. Narendra Sir


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CONTENTS: What is Brain-Computer Interface?

Principle behind BCI

Objective of BCI

Types of BCIs History

Implementation

Software behind BCI

Applications

Limitations Future Concerns

Conclusion

References

Brain-Computer Interface 2


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What is Brain-Computer Interface?

Brain Computer Interface is a direct technological

interface between a brain & a computer system notrequires a motor output from the user.

It is abbreviated as BCI.

It is also known as Direct Neural Interface (DNI) &

Brain Machine Interface (BMI).



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Continued Brain-computer interface is an

electrode chip which can be

implemented in the brain throughsurgical procedure.

When it is implemented in brain

the electrical signal exchanged byneurons within the brain are sent to the

computer and then the computer is

controlled by person.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:BrainGate.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:BrainGate.jpg


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Principle Behind BCI This technology is based on to sense, transmit, analyze and

apply the language of neurons.

It consist of a sensor that is implanted in the motor cortex of thebrain and a device that analyses brain signals. The signalsgenerated by brain are interpreted and translated into cursormovement on computer screen to control the computer.

It consists of a silicon array about the size of anAspirin tabletthat contains about 100 electrodes each thinner than a humanhair.



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Structure of HUMAN BRAIN:

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Brain_2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Brain_2.jpg


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BCI vs Neuroprosthetics Neuroprosthetics typically connect the nervous system

to a device, whereas BCIs usually connect the nervoussystem with a computer system.

Practical neuroprosthetics can be linked to any partof the nervous systemfor example, peripheral nerves

While the term "BCI" usually designates a narrowerclass of systems which interface with the centralnervous system.



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Objective of BCI: The goal of the Brain-Computer Interface is to develop

a fast and reliable connection between the brain of aseverely disabled person and a personal computer .

The Brain Gate device can provide paralysed ormotor-impaired patients a mode of communication

through the translation of thought into directcomputer control.



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Types of BCIs: Invasive BCI

Invasive BCIs are implanted directly into the grey matter of thebrain during neurosurgery.

Non Invasive BCI

Non-Invasive BCIs do not involve neurosurgery. They are justlike wearable virtual reality devices.

Partially Invasive BCI

Partially invasive BCI devices are implanted inside the skullbut rest outside the brain rather than within the grey matter.



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History of BCI: Research on BCIs has been going on for more than 20

years, but from the mid-1990s there has been adramatic increase in working experimental implants.

Brain-Computer Interface was commerciallydeveloped by the bio-tech company Cyberkineticsin2003 in conjunction with the Department ofNeuroscience at Brown University.



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BCI Research On Animals:At first, rats were implanted

with BCI .

Signals recorded from the

cerebral cortex of rat operate

BCI to carry out the movement.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MouseBCI.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MouseBCI.jpg


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Contd Researchers at the University

of Pittsburgh had demonstrated

on a monkey that can feed itselfwith a robotic arm simply by

using signals from its brain.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Monkey_using_a_robotic_arm.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Monkey_using_a_robotic_arm.jpg


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Next Step-HUMANS!!



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BCI On HUMANS In December 7, 2004, brain-computer interface had been

clinically tested on a human by an American biotech

company Cyberkinetics.

The first participant in these trials was a 25-year-old manwho had sustained a spinal cord injury leading toparalysis in all four limbs .



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Contd Over a period of nine months, he

took part in 57 sessions duringwhich the implanted Brain Gate

sensor recorded activity in hismotor cortex region while heimagined moving hisparalyzedlimbs and then used that imaginedmotion for several computer-

based tasks such as, moving acomputer cursor to open e-mail,draw shapes and play simple videogames.



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How BCI Implements? A more difficult task is interpreting the brain signals for

movement in someone who can't physically move his own arm.With a task like that, the subject must "train" to use the device.

With an implant in place, the subject would visualize closing hisor her disabled hand. After many trials, the software can learn torecognize the signals associated with the thought of hand-closing.

Software connected to a robotic hand is programmed to receivethe "close hand" signal and interpret it to mean that the robotichand should close. At that point, when the subject thinks aboutclosing the hand, the signals are sent and the robotic handcloses.



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Contd This could even be accomplished without the "robotic"

part of the device. Signals could be sent to theappropriate motor control nerves in the hands,bypassing a damaged section of the spinal cord andallowing actual movement of the subject's own hands.



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Software behind BCI The technology is comprised of four main

components; a signal capture system, a

signal processing system, a patternrecognition system, and a device controlsystem.

The signal capture system includes theelectrodes themselves and the isolatedelectronic amplifiers



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Contd The signal processing system includes the

algorithms for the linear prediction of the signal.

The pattern recognition system often used to becomposed of neural networks as to recognize

which neurons are producing these signals.

Interfaces have been developed to control differentdevices .

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Applications One of the most exciting areas of BCI research is the

development of devices that can be controlled bythoughts.

For a quadriplegic, something as basic as controlling acomputer cursor via mental commands would representa revolutionary improvement in quality of life.

Some of the applications of this technology are alsofrivolous, such as the ability to control a video game bythought , ability to change TV channels with your mind etc.



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Limitations At present ,the biggest impediment of BCI technology is

the lack of sensor modality that provides safe, accurate,and robust access to brain signals.

It is very expensive.

Information transformation rate is limited to 20 bits/min.

Difficulty in adaptation and learning.



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Future Concerns Light Reactive Imaging BCI devices are still in the realm

of theory.

This would involve implanting a laser inside the skull.

The laser would be focussed on a single neuron and theneurons reflectance is measured by a separate sensor.

When the neuron fires, the light pattern and wavelength itreflects would change slightly . This would allow theresearchers to monitor a single neuron and require lesscontact with the tissue.

Researchers of the Carleton University , Canada believethat the same interface could form the basis of a mind-controlled password system.



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Conclusion The results of BCI are spectacular and almost

unbelievable.

BCI can help paralyzed people to move by controlling theirown electric wheelchairs, to communicate by using e-mail andInternet-based phone systems, and to be independent bycontrolling items such as televisions and electrical appliances.

Conclusively, BCI has proved to be a boon for paralyzedpatients.



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References

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain%E2%80%93computer_inter

face

http://www.slideshare.net/itsmartin/martins-seminar-on-brain-

control-interfacebci

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