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© 2005 Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary 1 Theology Matters, Part Two: Lecture One Notes _____ A fugue is a powerful type of musical composition that gains much of its beauty from the basic structure that all fugues must follow. It starts out with the statement of a musical theme—a series of notes arranged creatively—played by the entire orchestra. Then, it moves into a series of variations, played by the various groups of instruments in the piece, with each variation taking the main theme apart in a different way. The fugue concludes with a coda, a grand restatement of the theme played again by the entire orchestra that now takes into account all the variations explored along the way. The coda is a big, satisfying, rousing ending to the fugue, pulling all the strands of the piece together in such a way that the whole becomes greater than simply the sum of its parts. In this lecture Dr. Wells prepares us for our study of the person and work of Christ by examining some of the majestic themes of the Old Testament, and he describes how the New Testament picks up these same themes and repeats them on a grander scale. How the New Testament elaborates on the Old is a thrilling study, and you will be excited by this introduction. “So [with The Jesus Seminar] we end up with five gospels and no Christ.” atonement—the action of Christ on the cross, in which he paid the price for our sins Christology—the study of the person and work of Jesus Christ synoptics—the three Gospels that largely cover parallel material in the life of Christ: Matthew, Mark, and Luke typology—the field of study in which the Old Testament is seen as prefiguring the New, and where Old Testament events and characters serve as historical templates for events and characters in the New; in typology, the OT element is known as a type, while the corresponding NT element is called an anti-type

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© 2005 Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary1

Theology Mat ters , Par t Two: Lecture One

Notes_____A fugue is a powerful type of musical composition that gains much of its beauty from the basic structure that all fugues must follow. It starts out with the statement of a musical theme—a series of notes arranged creatively—played by the entire orchestra. Then, it moves into a series of variations, played by the various groups of instruments in the piece, with each variation taking the main theme apart in a different way. The fugue concludes with a coda, a grand restatement of the theme played again by the entire orchestra that now takes into account all the variations explored along the way. The coda is a big, satisfying, rousing ending to the fugue, pulling all the strands of the piece together in such a way that the whole becomes greater than simply the sum of its parts.

In this lecture Dr. Wells prepares us for our study of the person and work of Christ by examining some of the majestic themes of the Old Testament, and he describes how the New Testament picks up these same themes and repeats them on a grander scale. How the New Testament elaborates on the Old is a thrilling study, and you will be excited by this introduction.

“So [with The Jesus Seminar] we end up with five gospels and no Christ.”

atonement—the action of Christ on the cross, in which he paid the price for our sins

Christology—the study of the person and work of Jesus Christ

synoptics—the three Gospels that largely cover parallel material in the life of Christ: Matthew, Mark, and Luke

typology—the field of study in which the Old Testament is seen as prefiguring the New, and where Old Testament events and characters serve as historical templates for events and characters in the New; in typology, the OT element is known as a type, while the corresponding NT element is called an anti-type

© 2005 Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary2

eschatology—the study of “last things,” such as death, judgment, and the return of Christ

pre-millenialism—a school of eschatalogical thought also known as chiliasm which argues that Jesus will return bodily to earth before he reigns for 1,000 literal years of peace, and that this reign will occur before the judgment

CONFESSION

REFLECTION CULTIVATION

Dr. Wells’s Triangle Diagram

Notes_____

What Old Testament assumption about the character of Godʼs actions in history is fundamental to understanding the world into which Jesus came?

How did the prophets expect that God would act in their future?

When the New Testament writers talk about the Kingdom of God, what do they have in mind? How does Paul describe the same idea?

What are the two worlds that Christians inhabit simultaneously?

Theology Mat ters , Par t Two

© 2005 Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary3

Every th ing OLD Is NEW Again!

How does Dr. Wells counsel us to take care when using typology?

In what ways are the following Old Testament elements seen as types of Christ?

Moses (Deuteronomy 18:15-18; c.f. John 1:21; 6:14; 7:40)

The Exodus

David (2 Samuel 7; Jeremiah 23:5; Isaiah 9:6; Micah 5:2)

The Temple (Ezekiel 10:18-19; Ezekiel 40-48; c.f. 1 Corinthians 6:19; 1 Peter 2:5)

The Covenant (Jeremiah 31:31-34; c.f. 2 Corinthians 3:7-11)

“In the prophets, we increasingly see a hope arising, that in the future God is going to act in the same way that he has in the past … and yet it is going to be just much more glorious.”

Notes_____

How has the attention given to the work of the Jesus Seminar impacted your life and ministry?

What has been your experience with the Old Testament?

© 2005 Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary4

Look back on your answers to the last series of height questions above. How are you encouraged by the light shed on Jesusʼ person and work, as seen through the lens of those types?

“The Old Testament believers took great … nourishment from their history. Because their history is telling them about who God is.”

I’d like to read some refutations of the Jesus Seminar’s widely publicized skeptical treatment of the Gospels. What books should I read?

Ben Witherington III, The Jesus Quest. Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press, 1997.N.T. Wright, The Challenge of Jesus. Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press, 1999.

How do the stories of the Old Testament shed light on Jesus and his mission?

Walter C. Kaiser, Toward an Old Testament Theology. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1991.

Theology Mat ters , Par t Two

Dimensions of the Faith 神學的重要(下) 學習手冊

Translated by permission of Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary, South Hamilton, MA USA. This Chinese Edition, Copyright © 2004 by CentriHall, Inc., Chelmsford, MA USA

1-1

一、一切舊事再次更新!

賦格曲(fugue)是一種很有力的音樂作

曲類型,其美感有很大部分是出於所有賦格曲都需遵循的

那種基本結構。一開始,它就由整個樂團演奏出音樂主題

的陳述--一系列音符創意的安排。然後,它進入一連串

的變奏,由曲子裏不同的樂器群演奏出來,而每個變奏都

以不同的方式剖析主題。賦格曲以一個尾聲結束,由如今

已經在這一路上探索過所有變奏的整個樂團,重新把主題

做一次宏偉的陳述。尾聲是賦格曲宏大、滿足、鼓舞的結

束,以這樣一種方式把這曲子裏所有的脈絡都拉到一起,

讓全曲變得比其部分的總和更大。 在這一堂課,威爾斯博士藉著檢視舊約的一些宏偉主題,

幫助我們做好預備,準備開始進行有關基督的位格及其工

作的研究,他並描述了新約如何拾取同樣的這些主題,並

在更大的規模上重複它們。新約對舊約的闡釋方式,是很

讓人興奮的研究,你會因這樣的介紹而大感興奮。

贖罪(atonement)- 基督在十字架上的作為,祂在十字架

上為我們的罪付出代價。 基督論(Christology)- 對耶穌基督的位格和工作的研

究。 符類福音(synoptics)- 大致涵蓋基督生平裏類似材料的

三本福音書:馬太福音、馬可福音、路加福音。

筆記 「所以(就耶穌研討會來

說),我們最後的結論是有

五本福音書,但沒有基

督。」

Dimensions of the Faith 神學的重要(下) 學習手冊

Translated by permission of Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary, South Hamilton, MA USA. This Chinese Edition, Copyright © 2004 by CentriHall, Inc., Chelmsford, MA USA

1-2

筆記

預表論(typology)- 把舊約視為新約之預示,舊約

的事件和人物可以做為新約事件和人物之歷史模板的

一種研究領域;在預表論裏,舊約裏的成分被人理解

為一種預表,而對應的新約成分則被稱為預表本體。 末世論(eschatology)- 對「末後事情」的研究,就

如:死亡、審判、基督的再來。 前千禧年論(pre-millennialism)- 一種被稱為千禧年

主義(chiliasm)的末世思想學派,認為耶穌會以肉身

回到地上,在地上實質的和平統治一千年,而此統治

是發生在審判之前。

舊約對上帝在歷史上行事的性質所做的何種假定,是

瞭解耶穌所進入之世界的基礎? 先知如何期待上帝會在他們的未來有所作為? 當新約作者講到神國時,他們心裏想的是什麼?保羅

怎樣描述這個同樣的觀念?

Dimensions of the Faith 神學的重要(下) 學習手冊

Translated by permission of Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary, South Hamilton, MA USA. This Chinese Edition, Copyright © 2004 by CentriHall, Inc., Chelmsford, MA USA

1-3

基督徒同時居住的兩個世界是什麼? 威爾斯博士忠告我們在使用預表論時要如何小心? 下述舊約成分在哪些方面被視為基督的預表?

摩西(申十八 15-18;參:約一 21,六 14,七

40)

出埃及

大衛(撒下七;耶二三 5;賽九 6;彌五 2) 聖殿(結十 18-19;結四十-四八;參:林前六

19;彼前二 5)

聖約(耶三一 31-34;參:林後三 7-11)

筆記

「在先知書當中,我們逐漸看

到一種盼望的產生,就是將來

上帝要以像祂過去的同樣方式

行事,然而會是更加榮耀。」

Dimensions of the Faith 神學的重要(下) 學習手冊

Translated by permission of Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary, South Hamilton, MA USA. This Chinese Edition, Copyright © 2004 by CentriHall, Inc., Chelmsford, MA USA

1-4

筆記 「舊約的信徒從他們的歷史得到

很大的滋養,因為他們的歷史告

訴他們,上帝是誰。」

對於耶穌研討會所做的努力,你的關注會如何影響你的

生命和事奉? 你對舊約的體驗是什麼? 回顧你對上面一系列「高度」方面問題的答案。在你透

過這些預表的鏡頭去看時,你如何在耶穌的位格與工作

所散發的亮光上,受到鼓勵?

我想讀一些駁斥耶穌研討會廣受人注意,質疑福音書之

處理方式的書。我該讀什麼書?

Ben Witherington III,《探索耶穌》(The Jesus Quest),Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press, 1997. N.T. Wright,《翻天覆地—重新看見耶穌是誰》

(The Challenge of Jesus)[友友文化出版],Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press, 1999.

舊約的故事如何散發亮光在耶穌和祂的使命上?

Walter C. Kaiser,《舊約神學探討》(Toward an Old Testament Theology),Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1991.

Dimensions of the Faith 神学的重要(下) 学习手册

Translated by permission of Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary, South Hamilton, MA USA. This Chinese Edition, Copyright © 2004 by CentriHall, Inc., Chelmsford, MA USA

1-1

一、一切旧事再次更新!

赋格曲(fugue)是一种很有力的音乐作

曲类型,其美感有很大部分是出于所有赋格曲都需遵循的

那种基本结构。一开始,它就由整个乐团演奏出音乐主题

的陈述--一系列音符创意的安排。然后,它进入一连串

的变奏,由曲子里不同的乐器群演奏出来,而每个变奏都

以不同的方式剖析主题。赋格曲以一个尾声结束,由如今

已经在这一路上探索过所有变奏的整个乐团,重新把主题

做一次宏伟的陈述。尾声是赋格曲宏大、满足、鼓舞的结

束,以这样一种方式把这曲子里所有的脉络都拉到一起,

让全曲变得比其部分的总和更大。 在这一堂课,韦尔斯博士借着检视旧约的一些宏伟主题,

帮助我们做好预备,准备开始进行有关基督的位格及其工

作的研究,他并描述了新约如何拾取同样的这些主题,并

在更大的规模上重复它们。新约对旧约的阐释方式,是很

让人兴奋的研究,你会因这样的介绍而大感兴奋。

赎罪(atonement)- 基督在十字架上的作为,祂在十字架

上为我们的罪付出代价。 基督论(Christology)- 对耶稣基督的位格和工作的研

究。 符类福音(synoptics)- 大致涵盖基督生平里类似材料的

三本福音书:马太福音、马可福音、路加福音。

笔记 「所以(就耶稣研讨会来

说),我们最后的结论是有

五本福音书,但没有基

督。」

Dimensions of the Faith 神学的重要(下) 学习手册

Translated by permission of Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary, South Hamilton, MA USA. This Chinese Edition, Copyright © 2004 by CentriHall, Inc., Chelmsford, MA USA

1-2

笔记

预表论(typology)- 把旧约视为新约之预示,旧约

的事件和人物可以做为新约事件和人物之历史模板的

一种研究领域;在预表论里,旧约里的成分被人理解

为一种预表,而对应的新约成分则被称为预表本体。 末世论(eschatology)- 对「末后事情」的研究,就

如:死亡、审判、基督的再来。 前千禧年论(pre-millennialism)- 一种被称为千禧年

主义(chiliasm)的末世思想学派,认为耶稣会以肉身

回到地上,在地上实质的和平统治一千年,而此统治

是发生在审判之前。

旧约对上帝在历史上行事的性质所做的何种假定,是

了解耶稣所进入之世界的基础? 先知如何期待上帝会在他们的未来有所作为? 当新约作者讲到神国时,他们心里想的是什么?保罗

怎样描述这个同样的观念?

Dimensions of the Faith 神学的重要(下) 学习手册

Translated by permission of Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary, South Hamilton, MA USA. This Chinese Edition, Copyright © 2004 by CentriHall, Inc., Chelmsford, MA USA

1-3

基督徒同时居住的两个世界是什么? 韦尔斯博士忠告我们在使用预表论时要如何小心? 下述旧约成分在哪些方面被视为基督的预表?

摩西(申十八 15-18;参:约一 21,六 14,七

40)

出埃及

戴维(撒下七;耶二三 5;赛九 6;弥五 2) 圣殿(结十 18-19;结四十-四八;参:林前六

19;彼前二 5)

圣约(耶三一 31-34;参:林后三 7-11)

笔记

「在先知书当中,我们逐渐看

到一种盼望的产生,就是将来

上帝要以像祂过去的同样方式

行事,然而会是更加荣耀。」

Dimensions of the Faith 神学的重要(下) 学习手册

Translated by permission of Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary, South Hamilton, MA USA. This Chinese Edition, Copyright © 2004 by CentriHall, Inc., Chelmsford, MA USA

1-4

笔记 「旧约的信徒从他们的历史得到

很大的滋养,因为他们的历史告

诉他们,上帝是谁。」

对于耶稣研讨会所做的努力,你的关注会如何影响你的

生命和事奉? 你对旧约的体验是什么? 回顾你对上面一系列「高度」方面问题的答案。在你透

过这些预表的镜头去看时,你如何在耶稣的位格与工作

所散发的亮光上,受到鼓励?

我想读一些驳斥耶稣研讨会广受人注意,质疑福音书之

处理方式的书。我该读什么书?

Ben Witherington III,《探索耶稣》(The Jesus

Quest),Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press, 1997. N.T. Wright,《翻天覆地—重新看见耶稣是谁》

(The Challenge of Jesus)[友友文化出版],Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press, 1999.

旧约的故事如何散发亮光在耶稣和祂的使命上?

Walter C. Kaiser,《旧约神学探讨》(Toward an

Old Testament Theology),Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1991.