Bba Mis Topic 7

8/3/2019 Bba Mis Topic 7

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Introduction 1 The fundamental part of any MIS development process is PLAN & IMPLEMENTATION process

of it. The major and very critical element of any MIS is the Inflow of Information with all

attributes

If this stage is in place, then it's just based on effective management activities to handleinformation. The control mechanism will take care of the usage of information to the user at

different levels of the organization

We need a management information system flexible enough to deal with the changing need ofinformation in the organization. It should be Open System in working nature to provide

support organization at appropriate time and level. Designing of such system is very complex

and critical task.

It can be achieved only if MIS is planned, keeping in mind the organization structure,information flow and effect of information on levels of organization

MIS plan has to match with the organization plan and aim The development process should be focus on the strategic need and implementation of

information on the levels of organization

The plan of development of the MIS is linked with the steps of the implementation in abusiness development plan

The system of information generation is so planned that strategic information is provided forthe strategic planning, control information is for controlling process and short term planning

and execution support to operation management team

Steps of MI S Development Identify Business Goals Determine critical success factors Develop business strategy and IS strategies Identify critical business applications Make decision analysis and enumerate operational and strategic decisions Develop business performance indicators Identify information entities to decision support for business Determine IS structure to generate information to build MIS Build MIS superset as prescribed in general model of MIS

Development Process Model - 1 Study the business environment Study the organization and structure Identify mission and business goals Identify critical success factors Identify critical business applications


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Ascertain the business strategy Identify business decisions needed to implement strategy Determine MIS goals supporting business goals Determine MISs support Develop key performance indicators to measure the business progress and performance Identify data and information needs meeting the MIS goals and business goals Develop IS and IT strategy to meet the goals Determine IS and IT support structure to meet data and information needs Link and map MISs and information outcome to business goals and strategy Design information reporting structure: Periodic, Exception and Control Reports Design KMS and BI System

Business Plan Vs MIS Plan

Business Plan MIS PlanBusiness Goals and

Objective

MIS, Objectives, Consistent to the business goals

and objectives

Business Plan and StrategyInformation Strategy for the business plan

implementation playing a supportive role

Strategy Planning and

DecisionsArchitecture of the MIS to support decisions

Management plan and

execution and Control

System development schedule, matching the plan

execution

Operation plan for the

execution

Hardware and Software plan for the procurement

and the implementation

MI S Design Approaches Once it's been decided to develop MIS, the next call is to formulate the strategies for

designing, development and implementation of MIS in the organization The development approaches determines where to begin and in what sequence the

development can take place with the sole objective of assuring the information support

Types of MIS development approaches are: Prototype Approach Life Cycle Approach


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Prototype Approach It is a process of progressively ascertaining the information needs, developing methodology,

trying it out on a smaller scale with respect to the data and the complexity, ensuring that itsatisfies the needs of the users and assess the problems of development and implementations

Designers task becomes difficult with multi-user involvement It is information gathering process to get exact reactions, feedbacks, innovations, review plans

of the system by the end users

Its a trial and error based system It is based on Iteration Approach for exact development and implementations to meet

organizational goal

Steps in P rototyping Approach

Situations for applicability of Prototyping Unclear Requirements Complicated and Large System Illustrations of User Interface Unclear Solutions Throw Way Plans

Advantages Of Prototyping User feedback Motivates User Early Error Handling Flexibility


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Disadvantages Of Prototyping Need of Accurate Prototype Lack of Each Phase Review Lack of Documentations Lack of Recovery Extended Schedules Can Mislead Users

Life Cycle Approach Every MIS System and sub-system have a defined life cycle of development & working.

Sometimes it does comes sudden or structure or time rule based.

Minor changes are the ongoing process with any MIS system but the major steps become thechange-over reason for new development and application

Such changes are within the sub-system and they become the root cause of such newdevelopment

SDLC Life Cycle

SDLC: InvestigationSystem Planning & Selection: Survey the organization to screen and select the system aspects

which are based on formal and open information systemFeasibility System: Based on the information generated about the system, now need to take

call on feasibility of development

Feasibility Report: Document and communicate the results of the feasibility study to end usersand management


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SDLC: AnalysisAnalysis of the organizational environment: Analyze in detail the information needs of an end

user organization & its subsystem & environment systems

Analysis of any present system: Analyze the resources, products & activities of any informationsystem presently used

System requirement analysis: determine the information system capabilities that will meet theinformation need of the users

System requirements: Document & communicate the logical input, process, output storage &control requirements of system

SDLC: DesignLogical System Design: Develop general specifications for how input, processing, output

storage & control activities will work

Physical System Design: Develop detailed specifications for user interface products andmethods, database structure & processing and control processes. Hardware and software

specifications etc

System Specifications: Document and communicate the detailed specifications of the proposedsystem to end users

SDLC: Implementation Acquisition of Hardware, Software and Services: Evaluation of all System requirement

proposals from vendors

Software Testing: Trail and Error process End User Training: Educate and train management, end users, customers and other business

stakeholders etc

Documentation: Record and communicate process of usage and User Manual for references Conversion: Convert from the use of a present system to the operational of a new or

improved system

SDLC: Maintenance To correct Errors: Uncovering bugs in the programs or weaknesses in the design that were not

detected during testing & correcting them

To keep System Current: Over the time, changes occurs in the system environments thatrequires modifications in the current system

To Improve the System: Continuous improvement in the system is required to meet userrequirements but only feasible changes


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Project Management MIS design can be easily thought of as Project Management and its important task is to

designate the key project values of INFORMATION MIS designers will have to work upon the planning and controlling activities of management

for PM. The controlling majorly focus on Cost & Time variables in PM

But, Projects differs from Processes because they aims at Functional development rather thanProcedural development

Project Management Steps

MIS Project Needs The search for planning and operating problems The search for areas of recurring difficult decisions The search for company opportunities that depends upon expanded information system Prioritization of problems and opportunities Selection of projects whose payoff in terms of cost and limitations of resources is justified

Setting Project Objective Financial and Accounting System Corporate management for competitors and opportunities Production and Inventory System with Purchasing system Online Information system for SCM with locations To control technical cost, work and schedules Better manpower planning New forecasting techniques Financial Reporting System on weekly basis


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Project Proposal Drafting proposal after identifying needs, objectives, preliminary definition of project work,

scope, costs and benefits then seeking approval of management after evaluating and selection

process

Second option is MIS project is rolled out then the budgeting issues were discussed bymanagement and its very time consuming process with less opportunity to evolve all aspects

of management and information

Project Proposal consists of introduction, management summary, a system description andcosts estimates with schedules

Planning Techniques Work Breakdown Structure: System to sub-system, Sub-system to task, task to sub-task, Sub-

task to work package etc

Sequence Planning: Development of the system, it is necessary to determine whatimmediately preceding tasks must first be completed. Factors are time, cost, user involvement

etc

Master Program Schedule: The predetermined deadline dates set by management for overalldevelopment of MIS

Budgeting: The establishment of cost and resource targets for a planned series of periods inadvance is project planning. It covers only direct costs.

Reporting & Controlling Control of the project means control of Performances, Cost and Time variables The reporting format of any control mechanism should consists PCT elements together with

full scope

Control of PCT elements is from the project concept development phase till the final rolling outand evolution of the project of MIS based on organization structure and level of information

involved

Implementation of MIS MIS Implementation Procedure Planning the implementationAcquisition of facilities Procedure development Generation Files and Folders Testing of System Evaluation & Maintenance of System

Documents

Bba Mis Topic 7