Batboy informance

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History of Freaks and Monsters

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Marina Levina, PhD

Assistant Professor

Department of Communication

The University of Memphis

[email protected]
mailto:[email protected]://www.marinalevina.com/http://www.marinalevina.com/http://www.marinalevina.com/mailto:[email protected]


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What Makes a Monster?

The word monster takes its root from the Latin monstrameaning to show forth, warn, or sign. It shares its

root with demonstrate.

In the 16th century, teratology, the science of monsters,traveled into the classificatory science of medicine

The text that initiated the classification of monstrosity

according to some scientific guideline was Ambrois ParsDe Monstres et prodigies (On Monsters and Marvels)(1573),

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Pares Monsters and Prodigies

Monsters are things that appear outside the course ofNature (and are usually signs of some forthcoming

misfortune), such as a child who is born with one arm,

another who will have two heads, and additional members

over and above the ordinary.

Prodigies are things which happen that are completely

against Nature, as when a woman will give birth to a

serpent, or to a dog, or some other thing that is totally

again Nature

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Pares Monsters

Monsters of excess Monsters of default

Monsters of duplicity

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Pares 13 Causes of Monsters

The first is the glory of God. The second, his wrath. The third, two

great a quantity of semen. The fourth, too small a quantity. The fifth,

imagination. The sixth, the narrowness of the womb. The seventh,

the unbecoming sitting position of the mother, who, while pregnant,

remains seated too long with her thighs crossed or pressed against her

stomach. The eighth, by a fall or blows struck against the stomach of

the mother during pregnancy. The ninth, by hereditary or accidental

illnesses. The tenth, by the rotting or corruption of the semen. The

eleventh, by the mingling or mixture of seed. The twelfth, by the

artifice or wandering beggars. The thirteenth, by demons or devils

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Pares

Monster of Wrath of God

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Pares Monster of Unnatural

Couplings
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Pares Monster of Default


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Pares Monster of Excess


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Pares Monster of duplicity


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20th Century Monsters
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Tod Browings Freaks


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Diane ArbusIDENTICAL TWINS, ROSELLE, N.J. 1967
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TEENAGE COUPLE ON HUDSON STREET, N.Y.C.

1963


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CHILD WITH TOY HAND GRENADE IN

CENTRAL PARK, NYC 1962


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A JEWISH GIANT AT HOME WITH HIS PARENTS IN THE

BRONX, NY 1970


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MEXICAN DWARF IN HIS HOTEL ROOM, NYC 1970


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TATOOED MAN AT A CARNIVAL, MD 1970


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The Headless Woman, 1961


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COMMUNICATION 4223/6223 Special Topics in

Film

Monster FilmsFall 2011

Mondays 5:30-8:30

Dr. Marina Levina

[email protected]
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