Bat-friendly operation algorithms: reducing bat fatalities ...Measuring and mitigating the risk of bat-collisions at wind turbines IEA 2014-09-02 Webinar • Fatality searches are

Measuring and mitigating the risk of bat-collisions at wind turbines

IEA

2014-09-02

Webinar

Oliver Behr, Klaus Hochradel, Jürgen Mages, Martina Nagy, Fränzi Korner-Nievergelt, Ivo Niermann, Ralph Simon, Florian Stiller, Natalie Weber,

Robert Brinkmann

Bat-friendly operation algorithms:

reducing bat fatalities at wind turbines in central Europe

September 2nd 2014 IEA Wind Task 34 Quarterly Webinar #1


IEA

2014-09-02

Webinar

Co

llis

ion

ris

k


IEA

2014-09-02

Webinar

• All European bat species are strictly protected

• Habitats Directive EU, national and state regulations (federal structure of nature conservation agencies in Germany)

• Possible impact on bats has to be studied and considered during the planning process

• In Germany, at some sites operation is heavily restricted or a permission is denied all together

• Methods to estimate and deal with bat collisions are not standardised

• Uncertainty in the permission process for agencies involved, developers, and investors

Leg

al is

su

es


IEA

2014-09-02

Webinar

Standardised method to

• Estimate the number of bats being killed at a specific turbine (Mixture model)

• Predict times of high mortality risk (GLMM)

• Mitigate the impact on bats by stopping the rotor during times of high mortality risk (Bat friendly operation algorithms)

Experimental validation of models and bat friendly operation algorithms

Ob

jec

tiv

es


IEA

2014-09-02

Webinar

1. Fatality searches

2. Acoustic monitoring of bat activity

Meth

od

s


IEA

2014-09-02

Webinar

• Fatality searches are expensive and in Central Europe they are rarely performed with adequate search intervals

• In Europe, many studies do not account for search biases

Fa

tali

ty s

ea

rch

es


IEA

2014-09-02

Webinar

Fa

tali

ty s

ea

rch

es

• Fatality searches are expensive and in Europe they are rarely performed with adequate search intervals

• In Europe, few studies account for search biases


IEA

2014-09-02

Webinar

• Fatality searches are expensive and in Europe they are rarely performed with adequate search intervals

• In Europe, few studies account for search biases

• If less than 40 % inside a radius of 50 m around the turbine can be searched and if the scavenging rate is intermediate or high, it is not possible to estimate the fatality rate with reasonable accuracy

• At many sites, fatality searches have little informative value

Alternative methods to quantify collision risk

E.g. acoustic monitoring of bat activity at the nacelle

Fa

tali

ty s

ea

rch

es


IEA

2014-09-02

Webinar

2007

2x

2x 2x

2x

Ac

ou

sti

c d

ata

14 Turbines 70 Turbines

2008


IEA

2014-09-02

Webinar

Ac

ou

sti

c m

on

ito

rin

g


IEA

2014-09-02

Webinar

We measure

Number of

bats killed

Per turbine and night

Number of acoustic recordings

Wind speed

Number of fatalities found

Per searcher

Search efficiency

We want to know

Per turbine

Scavenging rate

Fraction of area searched Estimation

mixture model

Es

tim

ati

ng

fa

tality

nu

mb

ers

(Korner-Nievergelt et al. 2013 Plos One)

(Huso 2010 Environmetrics; Korner-Nievergelt et al. 2011 Wildlife Biology)


IEA

2014-09-02

Webinar

Esti

mati

on

of

fata

liti

es f

rom

aco

usti

cs

expecte

d n

um

ber

of bats

kill

ed p

er

nig

ht

win

d s

peed (

m/s

)

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0

0 100 200 300 400 500

02

46

81

01

21

4

Akt

Win

d

8

6

4

2

0

10

12

0 100 200 300

400 acoustic activity (recordings per night)

Mixture Model


IEA

2014-09-02

Webinar

Es

tim

ate

d f

ata

lity

nu

mb

ers

6.0 5.0

Median of bats killed per turbine during 92 days

(approx. x2 per year)

Fatality searches Acoustic data


IEA

2014-09-02

Webinar

Acti

vit

y a

nd

win

d s

pe

ed

wind speed (m/s)

reco

rdin

gs p

er

ho

ur

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10


IEA

2014-09-02

Webinar

Cu

rtail

men

t b

ase

d o

n w

ind

sp

ee

d

BEHR, O. und O. VON HELVERSEN (2006):

Gutachten zur Beeinträchtigung im freien Luftraum jagender und ziehender Fledermäuse durch bestehende Windkraftanlagen - Wirkungskontrolle zum Windpark „Roßkopf" (Freiburg i. Br.) im Jahr 2005. Erlangen, unpublished report.

BAERWALD, E. F., J. EDWORTHY, M. HOLDER und R. M. R. BARCLAY (2009):

A large-scale mitigation experiment to reduce bat fatalities at wind energy facilities. Journal of Wildlife Management 73: 1077-1081.

ARNETT, E. B., M. M. P. HUSO, M. R. SCHIRMACHER und J. P. HAYES (2010):

Altering turbine speed reduces bat mortality at wind-energy facilities. Frontiers in Ecology and Environmental Studies doi10.1890/100103.


IEA

2014-09-02

Webinar

Tim

es o

f h

igh

ris

k


IEA

2014-09-02

Webinar

16 wind turbines at 8 sites

Acoustic recordings and daily fatality searches

3 months (July – September)

Mit

iga

tio

n e

xp

eri

me

nt

201

2


IEA

2014-09-02

Webinar

• Per site: Weekly alternating operation of turbines with and without mitigation algorithm

• Reduction of mean fatality rate from 12 to 2 per year

ratio 6 : 1

Mit

iga

tio

n e

xp

eri

me

nt

201

2


IEA

2014-09-02

Webinar

Cu

rta

ilm

en

t


IEA

2014-09-02

Webinar

Angaben zu

EU

-Co

mm

mis

sio

n (

20

10

)

BfN

(2

01

1)

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ü (

20

06

)

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ü (

20

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)

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rn (

20

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rn (

20

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)

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nd

en

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rg (

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bu

rg-(

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n (

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ck

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orp

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de

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ch

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n (

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NR

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NR

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20

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)

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20

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RL

P (

20

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RL

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20

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Sa

arl

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d (

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Sa

arl

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20

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00

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hl.

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2a

)

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(2

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X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 21

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 16

X X X X X X X X X X 10

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 14

X X X X X X X X X 9

EU and Federal states in Germany

Sta

tus

in

Germ

an

y in

2014

Planning process

Preconstruction

survey

Postconstruction

survey

Mitigation

algorithms

Compensation

To

tal

Brinkmann et al. 2014

Regulation of


IEA

2014-09-02

Webinar

France: Chirotech by Biotope

Oth

er

Sy

ste

ms

in

Eu

rop

e

Spain: DTBird


IEA

2014-09-02

Webinar

Te

ch

nic

s

Development of new technology for

• Acoustic sampling

• Software analysis


IEA

2014-09-02

Webinar

BATmode-System WIFI, GSM/UMTS:

• Full remote access via Laptop,

Tablet or Smartphone

• Transmission of monitoring data

• Status messages

Improved microphone disc: • Microphone heating

• Antennas (UMTS,WIFI)

• Testsignal speaker

• Temperature sensor

Inbuilt AVISOFT-System: • Bat call filter

• High sensitivity

• Increased detection range

• Complies with BMU-specifications

Benefits

• Resistance to ultrasonic noise

• Low maintenance requirements

BA

Tm

od

e


IEA

2014-09-02

Webinar

• Since May 2014

• windbat.techfak.fau.de

Pro

Ba

t


IEA

2014-09-02

Webinar

• MS-Access-runtime-based

• Calculates the expected number of fatalities per year

• Calculates a bat friendly operational algorithm for a number of bat fatalities per year defined by the user.

• Currently for data recorded with Batcorder (-36 dB), until 2015: also Batcorder -27 dB, Anabat SD1, and Avisoft System

Pro

Bat

user

inte

rface


IEA

2014-09-02

Webinar

Pro

Bat

- R

ep

ort


IEA

2014-09-02

Webinar

• Necessary sample sizes to measure bat activity

– Temporal variability

– Within-site variability

• Effect of the rotor diameter on fatality numbers

• Effect of the cut-in wind-speed on fatality numbers

• Are we able to model effects of fatality numbers

on populations?

• Stereo-infrared sampling of bat activity in the

rotor-swept area

• Testing new detector hardware

• Implementing the solutions found in planning

processes

Ob

jecti

ve

s R

EN

EB

AT

III


IEA

2014-09-02

Webinar

• Variability in between different years and seasons

• Acoustic sampling of the bat activity in the rotor-swept area

• 16 turbines at 8 sites in different geographical areas

• Data are already available for the years 2008 and 2012

Tem

po

ral vari

ab

ilit

y

2014 2016…2018 ??


IEA

2014-09-02

Webinar

• Acoustic sampling of the bat activity in the rotor-swept area

• Variability between turbines withins sites


Sp

ati

al v

ari

ab

ilit

y


IEA

2014-09-02

Webinar

• Effect of the rotor diameter on fatality numbers

• Until now, the effect is extrapolated from the spatial distribution of bat

activity in the rotor-swept area


• Rotor diameters > 70 m

• Fatality searches and acoustic sampling of bat activity

Eff

ect

of

the

ro

tor

dia

mete

r


IEA

2014-09-02

Webinar

• Model predicts collision rate from acoustic data

• Bat friendly operational algorithms work properly (2 fatalities predicted - 1.9 fatalities observed)

• Bat friendly operational algorithms are becoming a standard method in Germany

• Hardware and Software tools are being refined

Su

mm

ary


IEA

2014-09-02

Webinar

Prof. Dr. Otto v. Helversen †

Volker Brunckhorst, Rüdiger Dittmann, Uwe Gerhardt, Marion Gerhardt, Michael Göttsche, Axel Griesau, Christine Griesau, Anne-Katrin Hagendorf, Peter Harsch, Marta Lein, Gerhardt Liebert, Kristine Mayer, Anne Koch, Sandra Möller, Sarina Pils, Wolfram

Poick, Miriam Puscher, Axel Roschen, Horst Schauer-Weisshahn, Anne Simang, Christian Sparn, Katha Talacek, Kilian Weixler, Petra Wiese-Liebert, Andreas Wilczek

und Tina Zipf

Pascal Baumann, Dagmar Dachlauer, Patrick Daum, Volker Hahn, Christian Jobst, Nicolai Kondratiev, Philipp Malz, Stephanie Müller, Peter Übel, Eveline Schmidt, Maja Schmidt, Wolfram Schulze, Johannes Thein, Wolfgang Zierer, Michael Charbonnier,

Hilda Frank, Christopher Groß, Tomasz Kniola, Kristine Mayer, Johannes Rehhausen, Dorothea Schwarze, Anne Sennhenn, Janine Syberts und Stefanie Wilke

Manuela Huso, Pius Korner, Claus Schuster, Volker Runkel, Ulrich Marckmann, Michael Vock, Klaus Echle, Gerhard Mäscher, Frank Willutzki, Tobias Petrovic, Michael Reich,

Lothar Bach, Fabio Bontadina, Jasja Decker, Hermann Hötker, Ommo Hüppop, Thomas Grünkorn, Ulf Rahmel, Andrea Schaub, Björn Siemers,, Tobias Dürr, Susanne

Findeisen, Thomas Frank, Friedhelm Igel, Friedrich Kretzschmar, Günter Ratzbor, Hartwig Schlüter

Th

an

ks!

Documents

Bat-friendly operation algorithms: reducing bat fatalities ...Measuring and mitigating the risk of bat-collisions at wind turbines IEA 2014-09-02 Webinar • Fatality searches are