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Page 1: Bat, Barn Owl and Great Crested Newt Assessment Woodgate ... · Installation of two woodcrete small bird boxes. Woodgate Farm, Aylsham Bat, Barn Owl and Great Crested Newt Assessment

Woodgate Farm, Aylsham Bat, Barn Owl and Great Crested Newt Assessment

13 September 2016 0

Woodgate Farm, Aylsham

for

Richard Thrower

13 September 2016

Bat, Barn Owl and Great Crested Newt Assessment

exyar
1249
exyar
Additional Information
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Woodgate Farm, Aylsham Bat, Barn Owl and Great Crested Newt Assessment

13 September 2016 1

Client Woodgate Farm, Aylsham

Richard Thrower Woodgate Farm Aylsham Norwich NR11 6UJ

Bat, Barn Owl and Great Crested Newt Assessment

Planning authority

Broadland District Council Thorpe Lodge, 1 Yarmouth Road, Norwich NR7 0DU

Document Bat, Barn Owl and Great Crested Newt Assessment

Version 1.0 Date 13 September 2016 Author Nathan Duszynski M.Sc., B.Sc. (Hons) Reviewer Etienne Swarts B.Compt (Hons) F. Deg.Sc. ACIEEM

Signed disclosure The information, data, advice and opinions provided in this report which I have provided is true

and has been prepared in accordance with the Chartered Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management’s Code of Professional Conduct. I confirm that the opinions expressed are my true

and professional bona fide opinions. Etienne Swarts, ACIEEM

Greenlight Environmental Consultancy Limited The Old Lion All Saints South Elmham Halesworth Suffolk IP19 0NZ

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Woodgate Farm, Aylsham Bat, Barn Owl and Great Crested Newt Assessment

13 September 2016 2

Table of Contents

Page

Summary 3

1 Introduction 5

2 Methodology 5

3 Legislation and policy 8

4 Site context 10

5 Description of development 13

6 Desktop review 13

7 Field study 14

8 Discussion and conclusions 22

9 Bibliography 25

Appendix A SSSI citation

Appendix B Legislation

Appendix C Examples of bat and bird boxes

Appendix D Example of roost access features

Appendix E Great Crested Newt Habitat Suitability Index

Appendix F Site layout

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Summary

• This report considers the ecological aspects relating to a proposed development at Woodgate

Farm, Aylsham, Norwcih, NR11 6UJ. A bat, barn owl and great crested newt assessment has

been carried out.

• The proposed works involve the conversion of the existing buildings on site to residential use.

• The survey and assessment were completed by independent qualified and experienced

ecologists with Natural England survey licences for the relevant protected species.

• Mitigation measures to avoid potential harm to animals are outlined below. Biodiversity

enhancements recommended for bats and birds are also included below. If these are

undertaken, it would provide a net gain for biodiversity, as encouraged by the National

Planning Policy Framework.

Protected habitats/species

Status Potential effect Recommended mitigation and enhancements

Protected sites One SSSI within 2km. No effects owing to relatively small scale of development. No indirect impacts on protected sites.

None required.

Bats Low bat roosting potential on site. Historic evidence of a single brown long-eared bat roosting on occasional basis within office loft space, no signs of recent use. Moderate value foraging and commuting habitat adjacent to site.

No significant works planned to office loft space but potential disturbance if bats are present.

Mitigation If reroofing works are proposed to any building with a tiled roof, the removal of roof tiles should be undertaken with special care and under watching brief of a licence bat ecologist. Enhancements Installation of two woodcrete bat boxes. Creation of two crevice roosts behind weatherboarding. Soft landscaping with native species.

Breeding birds Wren bird nests present in buildings. No signs of barn owls.

Potential disturbance during nesting period for construction and maintenance.

Mitigation Works to the northern barn to be conducted outside bird nesting season or precautionary check one week in advance of works commencing. Enhancement Installation of two woodcrete small bird boxes.

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Great crested newts

Terrestrial habitat on site unsuitable. Aquatic habitat near site of average suitability

GCN unlikely to be present on site.

None required.

Other animals N/A N/A Mitigation Any excavations on the construction site should be covered during the night to prevent animals from falling in. Lighting of the construction site at night should be minimised as far as practicable, to reduce the risk of possible disruption to nocturnal animals such as bats. Construction materials should be stored off the ground on pallets, to prevent providing shelter for animals and subsequent harm when materials are moved.

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1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Greenlight Environmental Consultancy Ltd has been commissioned to carry out a bat, barn owl

and great crested newt (“GCN”) assessment of a proposed site for development at Woodgate

Farm, Aylsham, Norwich, NR11 6UJ. The site is located at grid reference TG 17722 26293.

1.2. This report provides an assessment of the site within the context of the surrounding area. It

outlines the suitable of the site for the likelihood of bats, barn owls and great crested newts,

and any potential effects of the proposed development on protected species.

2. METHODOLOGY 2.1. A desktop review of published data, such as records of protected sites, OS maps and satellite

images has been carried out.

2.2. A field survey visit was carried out on 8th September 2016 to confirm the findings of the

desktop review and to record habitats and species located on site. Survey conditions were

good, with temperature at 26o Celsius, no wind, sunny and dry conditions. The survey was

carried out by Etienne Swarts, ACIEEM and Nathan Duszynski.

2.3. There were no constraints to the survey in terms of seasonality for the relevant protected

species.

2.4. Equipment available for use during the survey were a digital camera and binoculars.

Bats

2.5. An assessment of the habitats on and surrounding the site for bat interest was made, in

accordance with latest bat survey guidelines (Collins, 2016).

2.6. Buildings were assessed for their potential to support roosting bats and involved a thorough

internal and external search of all suitable cavities, holes and crevices. All suitable areas,

including objects, ledges and floors were inspected for the following signs:

• Bat droppings

• Stains around roosting places and entrance points

• Urine marks

• Prey remains

• Areas devoid of cobwebs

• Live or dead bats

• Suitable cracks and crevices for bats to enter

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2.7. An evaluation system was applied to the buildings using the following criteria.

• Low probability of bat interest. Buildings in this category fall in to two main types:

Generally, well maintained without cracks and crevices, no gaps between bargeboard or

soffit and wall or without an attic space. Or those which contain some or all of the above

features, but are both draughty and thick in cobwebs or contain strong odours such as

solvents, diesel etc. It must be borne in mind that a building from this latter group can

become suitable for bats following refurbishment. This often happens to houses once the

attic space has been cleaned and under-felted prior to timber treatment. No licence is

required for development to a building classified as Low probability of bat interest.

• Medium probability of bat interest. The buildings here contain many sites suitable for

roosting bats although no obvious signs are recorded during the survey. In exposed

conditions on large buildings the signs of bat usage such as droppings and urine marks

can be obliterated by heavy rain. Occasionally a light scattering of droppings will be

recorded in an attic or a semi derelict building, which is considered by the surveyor

unsuitable for use as a bat roost. The medium probability of bat interest category can be

used based on the surveyor’s experience. Whilst no licence is generally required for

development to a building classified as Medium probability of bat interest, and if no

evidence of a bat roost is found, it is often best practice to conduct sensitive roof stripping

or architectural salvaging to minimise any possible disturbance.

• High probability of bat interest. This group includes buildings with known roosts or signs

of bat occupancy such as droppings and staining at a roost entrance. The description of

high probability buildings will also contain an indication as to the time of the year when

it will be occupied by bats i.e. summer – nursery roost, winter – hibernation. In some

cases, sites with High probability of bat interest will require further survey and licensing.

2.8. Trees on and around the site were assessed for their suitability to support roosting bats. The

assessment involved a ground level inspection of the exterior of the trees to search for

features offering roosting potential to bats such as split limbs, woodpecker holes, cavities,

lifted bark and dense thick-stemmed ivy.

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Birds

2.9 We assessed the site and its surrounding habitat for its potential to support breeding birds.

Bird nesting habitat could include grassland, hedgerows, scrub, trees and buildings.

2.10 Mature trees were assessed for their potential to support barn owls Tyto alba.

Great crested newts

2.11 Water features on and near the site were assessed for suitability for occupation by GCN. The

HSI (Appendix E) is a theoretical index of a waterbody’s suitability to support a breeding

population of GCN and is calculated from a series of ten variables recorded on site, as detailed

in Table 1.

Indices Name Description

SI1 Geographic Location Lowland England or upland England, Scotland and Wales

SI2 Pond area To the nearest 50m²

SI3 Permanence Number of years’ pond dry out of ten

SI4 Water quality Measured by invertebrate diversity

SI5 Shade Percentage shading of pond edge at least 1m from shore

SI6 Fowl Level of waterfowl use

SI7 Fish Level of fish population

SI8 Pond count Number of ponds within 1km divided by 3.14

SI9 Terrestrial habitat Quality of surrounding terrestrial habitat

SI10 Macrophytes Percentage extent of macrophyte cover on pond surface

Table 1, HSI indices.

The HSI score is the geometric mean of the ten suitability indices calculated:

HSI = (SI1 x SI2 x SI3 x SI4 x SI5 x SI6 x SI7 x SI8 x SI9 x SI10)1/10

Once calculated, the HSI score for a waterbody can be categorised as follows:

Excellent (>0.8) Good (0.7 – 0.79) Average (0.6 – 0.69)

Below Average (0.5 – 0.59)

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3. LEGISLATION AND POLICY

Legislation for protected sites and species (see Appendix B for detail by species)

3.1 The Ramsar Convention (1971) on Wetlands of International Importance especially as

Waterfowl Habitat seeks to promote the conservation and wise use of wetlands, particularly

those which support internationally significant numbers of water birds. This is achieved

through the designation of Ramsar Sites.

3.2 The European Community Council Directive on the Conservation of Wild Birds (79/409/EEC)

sets out general rules for the conservation of all naturally occurring wild birds, their nests,

eggs and habitats. It requires member states to designate Special Protection Areas (SPAs) for

protection of certain species.

3.3 The main piece of legislation relating to nature conservation in Great Britain is the Wildlife

and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended). This Act is supplemented by provision in the

Countryside and Rights of Way (CRoW) Act 2000 and the Natural Environment and Rural

Communities Act 2006 (in England and Wales). This act provides varying degrees of protection

for the listed species of flora and fauna, including comprehensive protection of wild birds and

their nests and eggs.

3.4 The Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000 strengthens the protection given to SSSIs. It

revises the procedures for the notification of SSSIs and for the consenting of operations which

may damage the special interest of a SSSI. Local authorities have a duty to take steps,

consistent with the proper exercise of their functions, to further the conservation and

enhancement of SSSIs. The act also strengthens the existing provisions of the Wildlife and

Countryside Act 1981 for the enforcement of wildlife legislation, including a new offence of

"recklessly" destroying or damaging the habitats of certain protected species.

3.5 UK wildlife is also protected under the Conservation (Natural Habitats &c.) Regulations 1994

(which were issued under the European Communities Act 1972), through inclusion on

Schedule 2. In 2010, these Regulations, together with subsequent amendments, were

consolidated into the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010.

3.6 The Regulations provide for the designation and protection of 'European sites', the protection

of 'European protected species', and the adaptation of planning and other controls for the

protection of European Sites. The Regulations make it an offence (subject to exceptions) to

deliberately capture, kill, disturb, or trade in the animals listed in Schedule 2, or pick, collect,

cut, uproot, destroy, or trade in the plants listed in Schedule 4. However, these actions can be

made lawful through the granting of licenses by the appropriate authorities. Licenses may be

granted for a number of purposes but only after the appropriate authority is satisfied that

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there are no satisfactory alternatives and that such actions will have no detrimental effect on

wild population of the species concerned.

3.7 County Wildlife Site or Local Wildlife Site is a non-statutory designation used to identify high

quality wildlife habitats in a county context. Local Authorities have a responsibility as part of

their planning function to take account of sites of substantial nature conservation value and to

consider them alongside other material planning considerations. The location of County

Wildlife Sites will be included in Local Plans and Development Documents.

National Planning Policy - National Planning Framework (NPPF)

3.8 Section 9 of the National Planning Policy Framework 2012 (NPPF): Biodiversity and geological

conservation states that ‘the planning system should contribute to and enhance the natural

and local environment by …. minimising impacts on biodiversity and providing net gains in

biodiversity where possible.’

Office of The Deputy Prime Minister (“ODPM”) Government Circular: Biodiversity and

Geological Conservation – Statutory Obligations and their impact within the planning

system.

3.9 Paragraph 98 of Circular 06/2005 states that ‘the presence of a protected species is a material

consideration when a planning authority is considering a development proposal that, if carried

out, would be likely to result in harm to the species or its habitat’.

Implications of legislation and policies

3.10 Without this ecological assessment the potential developer would be unable to demonstrate

due diligence in his responsibilities. Furthermore, the local planning authority would not have

been provided with sufficient information for a planning decision to be made. This could result

in non-determination or refusal of the application.

3.11 With legal responsibilities and planning implications, it is essential that any ecological

assessment of a potential development site, including the area of this report, must determine

the possible presence or absence of any protected species as part of any planning

development consideration.

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4 SITE CONTEXT

Location

4.1 The general location of the site is shown in Figures 1 and 2 below.

4.2 The site is located in a rural landscape on an old farm complex, with the town of Aylsham

located 0.7km to the east. A new residential development, currently being constructed, is

located approximately 0.1km to the east of the site.

4.3 The surrounding landscape is populated by individual farmsteads and dwellings, with the

exception of the town of Aylsham. The site is bounded by residential dwellings and associated

gardens to the north, south and west, and a workshop to the east. The wider surroundings are

predominantly comprised of extensive arable fields lined with mature trees and hedgerows,

with the exception of a new housing development to the east.

Photo 1, western aspect of Woodgate Farm, looking northeast.

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13 September 2016 11

Photo 2, western aspect of Woodgate Farm, looking southeast.

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13 September 2016 12

Figure 1 Satellite image of site surroundings. Image © Microsoft, date accessed 13.09.16

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5 DESCRIPTION OF THE DEVELOPMENT 5.1 The proposed project involves the conversion of the existing buildings on site into two residential

dwellings with associated garages (see Appendix F).

5.2 The access route for construction and occupation of the dwellings will be gained from the existing

road to the west of the site.

6 DESKTOP REVIEW Protected sites

6.1 A data search was obtained using the www.magic.gov.uk website for statutory protected sites and

habitats.

Statutory protected sites

6.2 There is one Site of Special Scientific Interest (“SSSI”) within 2km of the site (refer to Appendix A for

the full citation):

Cawston and Marham Heath SSSI, located approximately 1.9km south

“The largest area of Heather-dominated heathland remaining in east Norfolk. They represent a

locally scarce type which shows affinities to the Atlantic coastal heaths found in western Britain.”

Protected habitats

6.3 There are no priority habitats located on the site and the site does not contain any vegetation

habitats.

6.4 There is a small block of Priority Habitat Inventory (Deciduous Woodland) located approximately

0.1km west of the site. Other Priority Habitat Inventory habitats within 2km are Coastal and

Floodplain Grazing Marsh, Good Quality Semi-Improved Grassland, Lowland Heathland and

Woodpasture and Parkland BAP Priority Habitat.

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7 FIELD STUDY

Bats

Physical inspection

7.1 The buildings are split into four sections – i) the cottage, ii) the offices, iii) the northern barn and iv)

the western apartment.

7.2 Externally the cottage is of brick construction, with timber windows. The roof is comprised of clay

pan tiles, with open eaves and lined with bitumen felt. Internally, the cottage lacks an enclosed loft

space, featuring a plasterboard ceiling, with sawn tie beam trusses and exposed brickwork. A ridge

beam is present in the roof structure.

7.3 The offices are of brick construction with a timber weatherboard frontage. The roof is comprised of

clay pan tiles, with open eaves and lined with bitumen felt. Internally, the office is used on a

regularly basis, with stud walls and a plywood ceiling. The loft space is insulated with fibreglass and

measures approximately 4m wide, 10m long and 1.5m high.

7.4 The northern barn is of timber construction, clad with black timber weatherboarding. The roof is

comprised of corrugated metal sheeting, with open eaves and fascias on the gable end. Internally,

the barn features an open, unlined void, with several wren Troglodytes troglodytes nests present

along the ridge beam.

7.5 The western apartment, built within the past three years, is clad in black weatherboarding. The

single pitch roof is comprised of reclaimed clay pan tiles and features open eaves. Internally, the

apartment lacks a loft space, featuring a plastered ceiling.

Roosting potential

7.6 The cottage has several roosting opportunities present under slipped, missing and/or raised tiles

and within gaps in the brickwork on the eastern aspect, although these were mainly heavily

cobwebbed with several mouse droppings present. Internally, no loft space was present and no

signs of bats were found.

7.7 The offices have roosting opportunities under slipped, missing and/or raised tiles and within the

roof void. The ridge beam was heavily cobwebbed, with numerous rat droppings present.

Approximately 10 droppings, consistent in size, structure and appearance with brown long-eared

bats Plecotus auritus were located below the ridge beam. These droppings were considered to be

two to three years old and from a single individual. No crevices were present under

weatherboarding on the outside of the building.

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7.8 The northern barn was considered unsuitable for roosting bats due to the significant amount of

daylight, draughty environment and limited roosting opportunities.

7.9 The western apartment has several roosting opportunities under slipped, missing and/or raised

tiles. No crevices were present under weatherboarding. Internally, no loft space was present and

no signs of bats were found.

Foraging and commuting links

7.10 The landscape immediately adjacent to the site is considered of moderate value for foraging and

commuting bats, with hedgerows and treelines providing commuting links to blocks of woodland in

the local vicinity.

7.11 The site itself provides limited foraging habitat for bats, being predominantly buildings and areas of

hardstanding.

7.12 The trees around the site boundary were assessed for bat roosting potential and were considered

unsuitable due to their age and lack of features.

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Photo 3, internal photo of first floor of cottage, looking north.

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Photo 4, internal photo of the office loft, looking north.

Photo 5, internal photo of the northern barn, looking south.

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Photo 6, eastern aspect of the northern barn and office, looking southwest.

Photo 7, eastern aspect of the cottage and office, looking northwest.

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Birds

7.13 Birds in the UK are classified into three categories of conservation importance - red, amber and

green. Factors such as global threat level, population decline, breeding population decline, and

contraction of breeding range are taken into account to determine classification.

7.14 The nesting habitat on site was considered suitable for Green listed species, with several wren

nests present along the ridge beam of the northern barn, No Red or Amber listed species recorded.

Only wrens were observed during the site visit:

7.15 No suitable habitat for barn owl nesting or foraging is located on the site.

Great crested newts

7.16 There are no ponds within the survey site but there is one pond within 250m, which for the size of

the development and nature of terrestrial habitat on the site, is a sufficient distance to consider for

assessment (Figure 2). GCN are most likely to occupy good quality terrestrial habitat within 250m

of a breeding pond (English Nature, 2001).

7.17 Pond one is a lined garden pond, with a low number of domestic geese and ducks present.

SI No. Pond 1

SI score Comment 1 1.00 Within UK Zone A

2 0.50 250m2 surface area

3 0.90 Never dries

4 0.67 Moderate invertebrate diversity

5 1.00 5% shoreline shade

6 0.67 Minor wildfowl impacts (low number of domestic geese and ducks)

7 1.00 Fish absent

8 0.54 2 ponds within 1km which aren’t separated by ecological barriers

9 0.67 Moderate quality, rough grassland and scrub present nearby

10 0.35 5% macrophyte cover Mean 0.69 Average suitability for GCN

Table 2, HSI score for pond one.

7.18 The area in close vicinity to the pond contains some moderate quality terrestrial and hibernation

habitats for GCN (e.g. scrub, rank vegetation and hedgerows). No suitable GCN habitat is present

on the site itself, comprising an area of hard standing only.

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Photo 8, pond one, looking southwest.

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Figure 2 Pond within 250m of the proposed site. Image © MAGIC, date accessed 13.09.16

Pond 1

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8 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS

Protected sites

8.1 Within 2km is located one SSSI.

8.2 The proposed development will have no effect on statutory and non-statutory protected sites,

owing to its relatively small scale, distance to protected sites, and limited impacts beyond the area

of works.

Bats

8.3 The cottage, offices and western apartment are of low probability of interest to bats, with roosting

opportunities present under slipped, missing and/or raised tiles and within gaps in the brickwork

on the eastern aspect of the cottage.

8.4 Approximately 10 brown long-eared droppings were present within the office loft space,

considered to be two to three years old and from a single individual. There were no signs of recent

use by bats and the loft appears to be used as an occasional transitional roost by a single bat, and

not on an annual basis. Brown long-eared bats are a common and widespread species (BCT, 2014).

8.1 The northern barn is assessed as of negligible probability of interest to bats, with a significant

amount of daylight, draughty environment and limited roosting opportunities.

8.5 The proposed conversion of the buildings, as outlined in Appendix F, will not affect any potential

bat roosting locations and we predict no impacts on bats except for potential disturbance during

works. The works will be conducted when bats are unlilkely to be present. We therefore consider

that a European Protected Species Mitigation Licence will not be required and no further surveys

are necessary.

8.6 If reroofing work is proposed on any tiled building, the following mitigation measures are

recommended:

• Works should be undertaken outside of the main bat maternity season, during October to

May.

• Workers to be given a toolbox talk prior to works commencing detailing bat signs, potential

roosts/access points, what to do if bats are found and to avoid activities that might cause high

vibrations or noise.

• A soft roof strip of the building should be undertaken with special care and under watching

brief of a licenced bat ecologist. Any bats found will be removed to safety and placed in bat

boxes installed for the purpose.

• New access points will need to be installed, comprising of two lifted/ridge tiles and two gable

access points as shown in Appendix D.

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8.7 As enhancement for bats, the following measures are recommended:

• The installation of two bat boxes on the new building or trees on the site (see Appendix C for

examples).

• The creation of two crevice roosts behind weatherboarding, lined with traditional black

bitumen underfelt (see Appendix D).

Birds

8.8 The buildings provide suitable nesting habitat for wrens, with several nests present along the ridge

beam of the northern barn.

8.9 Any works affecting bird nesting habitat such as works to the northern barn, would need to be

conducted outside the main nesting season, which lasts from March to August. If work is planned

during the bird nesting season, then a precautionary check should be undertaken a week before

the start of works, and all active bird nests protected until the young have fledged.

8.10 We recommend the installation of two small bird nesting boxes placed on buildings or trees, in the

vicinity of the site (see Appendix C for examples).

8.11 No suitable habitat for barn owl nesting or foraging is located on the site.

Great crested newts

8.12 There is no suitable aquatic or terrestrial GCN habitat present on site, being predominantly

buildings and hardstanding.

8.13 The area in close vicinity to the site contains moderate quality terrestrial and hibernation habitats

and a single pond, with an average suitability for GCN.

8.14 The lack of suitable GCN habitat present on site, the relatively small size of the development and

the isolated nature of the site reduce the likelihood of GCN presence. It is thus considered that no

further surveys are necessary.

Other animals

8.15 General mitigation to protect wildlife during the construction period are as follows:

• Any excavations on the construction site should be covered during the night to prevent

animals from falling in.

• Lighting of the construction site at night should be minimised as far as practicable, to reduce

the risk of possible disruption to nocturnal animals such as bats and badgers.

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• Construction materials should be stored off the ground on pallets, to prevent providing

shelter for animals and subsequent harm when materials are moved.

Conclusion

8.16 In overall conclusion, no significant ecological constraints were identified that would adversely

affect the overall development of the site for residential purposes.

8.17 With some or all of the recommended mitigation and suggested enhancements incorporated into

the layout, there may be an opportunity to enhance the value of the site for local wildlife, resulting

in a net gain for biodiversity, as is encouraged by the National Planning Policy Framework.

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9 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Baker, J., Beebee, T., Buckley, J. Gent, T. and Orchard, D. (2011), Amphibian Habitat Management Handbook, Amphibian and Reptile Conservation: Bournemouth

Bat Conservation Trust (2014), The state of the UK’s bats 2014.

Barn Owl Trust (2012), Barn Owl Conservation Handbook, Pelagic Publishing: Exeter.

British Standard BS 42020:2013 Biodiversity - Code of Practice for planning and development.

British Standard BS 8596:2015 Surveying for bats in trees and woodland – Guide.

Collins, J. (Ed.) (2016), Bat Surveys for Professional Ecologists: Good Practice Guidelines (3rd edn.), The Bat Conservation Trust, London.

Eaton, M.A., Aebischer, N.J., Brown, A.F., Hearn, R., Lock, L. Musgrove, A., Noble, D., Stroud, D., Richard, G. (2015) Birds of conservation concern 4: the population status of birds in the United Kingdom, Channel Islands and the Isle of Man. British Birds 108, 708-746.

English Nature (2001) Great Crested Newt Mitigation Guidelines, Peterborough.

Froglife (1999), Reptile survey: an introduction to planning, conducting and interpreting surveys for snakes and lizard conservation, Froglife advice sheet 10.

Gent, A.H. and Gibson, S.D. eds. (1998), Herpetofauna Workers’ Manual, Peterborough, Joint Nature Conservation Committee.

Griffiths, R.A., Raper, S.J., Brady, L.D. (1996). Evaluation of a standard method for surveying common frogs (Rana temporaria) and newts (Triturus cristatus, T. helveticus, and T. vulgaris). Joint Nature Conservation Committee Report No. 259.

Langton, T., Beckett, C. and Foster, J. (2001) GCN Conservation handbook. Froglife.

Mitchell-Jones (2004), Bat mitigation guidelines, English Nature: Peterborough

Oldham, R.S., Keeble, J., Swan, M.J.S. and Jeffcote, M. (2000), Evaluating the suitability of habitat for the Great Crested Newt (Triturus cristatus). Herpetological Journal 10 (4), 143-155.

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Appendix A

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Appendix B Legislation

European Protected Species

Bats

All bat species in Britain are protected under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 through inclusion on Schedule 5. They are also protected under the Conservation (Natural Habitats &c.) Regulations 1994 (which were issued under the European Communities Act 1972), through inclusion on Schedule 2. On 1st April 2010, these Regulations, together with subsequent amendments, were consolidated into the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010.

European protected animal species (“EPS) and their breeding sites or resting places are protected under Regulation 39. It is an offence for anyone to deliberately capture, injure or kill any such animal or to deliberately take or destroy their eggs. It is an offence to damage or destroy a breeding or resting place of such an animal. It is also an offence to have in one's possession or control, any live or dead European protected species.

The threshold above which a person will commit the offence of deliberately disturbing a wild animal of a European protected species has been raised. A person will commit an offence only if he deliberately disturbs such animals in a way as to be likely significantly to affect (a) the ability of any significant groups of animals of that species to survive, breed, or rear or nurture their young, or (b) the local distribution of abundance of that species. The existing offences under the Wildlife and Countryside Act (1981) as amended which cover obstruction of places used for shelter or protection (for example, a bat roost), disturbance and sale still apply to European protected species.

This legislation provides defences so that necessary operations may be carried out in places used by bats, provided the appropriate Statutory Nature Conservation Organisation (in England this is Natural England) is notified and allowed a reasonable time to advise on whether the proposed operation should be carried out and, if so, the approach to be used. The UK is a signatory to the Agreement on the Conservation of Bats in Europe, set up under the Bonn Convention. The Fundamental Obligations of Article III of this Agreement require the protection of all bats and their habitats, including the identification and protection from damage or disturbance of important feeding areas for bats.

Barn Owls

The Habitats Regulations (1994), as amended, states that a person commits an offence in the case of Barn Owl only if this species is disturbed in the breeding season. This applies equally to all those bird species listed under Schedule 1.

Breeding Birds

It is an offence to kill, injure or take any wild bird; take, damage or destroy the nest of any wild bird while that nest is in use or being built (even of "pest" species); take or destroy the eggs of any wild bird.

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Great Crested Newts

Great crested newts are protected under both English and European law. It is an offence to kill, injure, disturb or take great crested newts or to damage or destroy their places of shelter, whether the animals are present or not.

Natural England Licensing - EPS Mitigation Licensing

Since September 2000, building development that affects bats or their roosts needs a Development Licence under the Habitats Regulations (1994), administered in England by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA). Since October 2006, licences have been granted by Natural England.

Licences can be obtained from the Wildlife Management and Licensing Service at Natural England to allow certain activities that would otherwise constitute an offence, for the purposes of development.

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Appendix C

Examples of bat and bird boxes (images sourced from www.nhbs.com)

2F Schwegler Bat Box (General purpose)

1FF Schwegler Bat Box with built-in wooded rear

panel

1B Schwegler Nest Box

2H Schwegler Robin Box

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Appendix D

Examples of roost access features

Example of lead access into roof

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Example of tile and ridge access into roof

Example of ridge tile access

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Roof void access point at gable end (soffit box)

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Bat roost behind weatherboarding, lined with traditional black bitumen underfelt

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Appendix E

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Appendix F

Site layout

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