Basilica de la sagrada familia

Location – barcelonaWork started- 19th march, 1882Antoni Gaudi appointed architect in 1883 and worked on this project until his death in 1926.Project completion- is expected to complete by 2026

PLAN OF THE CHURCH

Church has five naves and a crossing with three, forming a Latin cross. The interior measurements are: nave and apse, 90 m; crossing,60m

Follows the basic plan of a gothic cathedral.

Plan of Cologne CathedralGothic architecture

Fig. 2.1, Sagrada familia, www.sagradafamilia.cat

Fig. 2.2, plan, www.sagradafamilia.cat Fig. 2.3, plan, www.architecturalreview.com

Main parts of the church

apseChapelPassion façadeCloisterMain naveGlory façadeCryptThe nativity facade

Gaudí's original design calls for a total of eighteen spires, representing in ascending order of height the Twelve Apostles, the four Evangelists, the Virgin Mary and, tallest of all, Jesus Christ. Eight spires have been built as of 2010, corresponding to four apostles at the Nativity façade and four apostles at the Passion façade. The completion of the spires will make Sagrada Família the tallest church building in the world.

Fig. 2.3, 3d view , national geographic chanel ltd.

Helicoid & coinoidExample of helicoid - ruled surface that one can see on the skeleton of a spiral staircase (before putting steps or seen from below if left smooth).Helicoid represented the ascedning movement that relate earth and heaven...

Geometry

Design by natureSnail shells and falling maple seeds – natural spirals Goudi studied.

Helicoids used in sagrada familiaIn form of spiral staircases

Conoid - the wooden beams are the generatrices the rest on the profile of the facades on one side, and on the central interior main beam on the other. two guidelines, one straight line and one curved.

Leaflike roofs, the curved plane (conoid) takes the structure of a leaf

Fig. 2.5, heicoid ,Basilica de la sagrada familia ltd..

Fig. 2.6, heicoid ,Basilica de la sagrada familia ltd..

Fig. 2.6, snailwww.bluffon.edu

Fig. 2.7, leafwww.bluffon.edu

Fig. 2.7, roofwww.sagradafamiia.cat

Fig. 2.8, roofwww.sagradafamiia.cat

• ELLIPSOID The ellipsoid is a solid in which all the flat sections are ellipses. Because of its elliptical shape it was chosen by Gaudí for the knots or capitals that subdivide the lower columns into branches. The different knots are the result of adding and subtracting ellipsoids from one another

Ellipsoid

tree trunks Designed to house artificial lights, Gaudí’s columns copy the scars that form naturally when a tree branch is cut.

Fig. 2.9, trees pillarwww.sagradafamiia.cat

Fig. 2.10, roofNational gegraphic chanel ltd,

Hyperboloid

The hyperboloid is a surface generated by a hyperbola which revolves around a circle or ellipse. They can be solid or empty, solid to pass from the column to the vaults, empty where the light enters the interior of the church

Double roof A unique feature of the church’s roof, quadric surfaces ,reflect and filter natural light. when columns reach the vaults we

can see hyperboloids is on the capitals of the columns.

Fig. 2.11, hyperboloidUnesco world heritage org.

Fig. 2.12, hyperboloidwww.sagradafamilia.cat.

Fig. 2.13, tree pillarswww.sagradafamilia.cat.

Hyperbolic paraboloid

It is simply a twisted plane.in one direction it has the sections in the form of a parabola with the branches pointing upwards, while in the perpendicular part the sections are in the form of a parabola with the branches pointing downwards.

proportionsPlan of the church Total length from the entrance to the back of the apse: 90 m Width of the main nave: 45 m (= 1/2 • 90 m) Length of the crossing 60 m: (= 2/3 • 90 m) Total length from the entrance to the back of the apse: 90 mHeight of the main nave: 45 m (= 1/2 • 90 m)Height of the crossing: 60 m (= 2/3 • 90 m)

Fig. 2.15, planwww.sagradafamilia.cat.

Fig. 2.14, parabola roofwww.sagradafamilia.cat.

Fig. 2.13, hyperbolic parabloidNational geographic chanel ltd..

Beyond the gothicGaudi had a desire to overcome all the defects he found in the Gothic structural system, mainly the following:• Shifting of the loads to flying buttresses, more exposed and more vulnerable, • Excessively complex and fragile structural web. The demolition of one part can bring

about the ruin of the whole building.• Light wooden roofs, excessively vulnerable to fire, damp, insects Gaudí's contributions to going beyond the Gothic can be summarised as:• Double roof of stone• verticalisation of the forces and reduction of the horizontal thrusts. He thus achieves

the total suppression of the exterior structural elements• Inclined columns branching like trees.

While retaining the gothic window, he loosened its formal stringensy by counterbalancing with different circular elements to it.

Gothic cathedral

Sagrada Familia

The Crypt – gothic arches prominent

Fig. 2.16, heicoid ,Basilica de la sagrada familia ltd..

Fig. 2.17,NATIONALGEOGRAPHICCHANEL

Design by nature – OrnamentsGaudi pioneered an architecture inspired from nature’s forms.

honeycomb gatespatterns of honeycomb and palm fronds are etched on the gates, walls and floors. Eg. iron railings on the nativity facade.

vine linesnaturally spiraling helices.passion fruit tendrils, for instance, adorn the side walls of the nativity facade.organic windowsfollowing the patterns found on natural objects like those on a marine diatom, gaudi designed windows to allow for greater passage of natural light.

pinnacles of detail- the tower tops are modelled on architects study of crystals,cereal grain and grasses.lavender, wheat and grasses were some of the plants gaudi studied as he designed his pinnacles.

Fig. 2.18, HoneycombNational Geographic Chanel ltd.

Fig. 2.19, vine linesNational Geographic ltd.

Fig. 2.19, organic windowsNational Geographic ltd.

crystals

Nativity FaçadeDedicated to the birth of Jesus, it is decorated with scenes reminiscent of elements of life. Characteristic of Gaudí's naturalistic style, the sculptures are ornately arranged and decorated with scenes and images from nature, each a symbol in their own manner. Four towers complete the façade and are each dedicated to a Saint (Matthias the Apostle, Saint Barnabas, Jude the Apostle, and Simon the Zealot).

Passion Façadein contrast to the highly decorated Nativity Façade, the Passion Façade is plain and simple, with ample bare stone, and is carved with harsh straight lines to resemble a skeleton if it were reduced to only bone. Dedicated to the Passion of Christ, the suffering of Jesus during his crucifixion, the façade was intended to portray the sins of man. Construction began in 1954, following the drawings and instructions left by Gaudí for future architects and sculptors.

Fig. 2.20 , shiresSagradofamilia.cat

Fig. 2.21 , facadeSagradofamilia.cat

Fig. 2.21 , façadeSagradofamilia.cat

Fig. 2.22,spiresSagradofamilia.cat

Fig. 2.23 , façade Sagradofamilia.cat

Fig. 2.24 entranceSagradofamilia.cat

Glory FaçadeThe largest of the façades will be the Glory Façade, To reach the Glory Portico, there will be a large staircase.It will be decorated with demons, idols, false gods, heresy and schisms, etc. Purgatory and death will also be depicted. The portico will have seven large columns dedicated to spiritual gifts. At the base of the columns there will be representations of the Seven Deadly Sins and at the top seven heavenly virtues,

Apse

CryptFig. 2.26 , interiorSagradofamilia.cat

Fig. 2.27 ,NationalGeographicChanel ltd.

Gaudi saw three great basic models of columns in history• The Greek Doric column • The Corinthian order column• The barley sugar column, typical of the Baroque

the main columns of the sagrada Familia come in four sizes and shapes, all of which finish in a circle. the diameter and number of sides depend on the load the column needs to bear.

Double Twisted Columns – synthesis of 3 historical column models. Star shaped bases ending in circles.

columns

Tree columns

Fig. 2.28 ,NationalGeographicChanel ltd.

Bibliography1. Tafuri, Manfredo. History of Architecture - Modern Architecture /1. s.l. : Electa.2. Mackay, David. Modern Architecture in Barcelona 1854-1939. s.l. : Rizzoli.3. Antoni Gaudi - an enigma. 2006. 4. Casa Batllo - Gaudi - Barcelona. [Online] Casa Batlo S.L.U. [Cited: 10 13, 2013.] http://www.casabatllo.es/en/.5. National Geographic. la sagradafamilia. basilica la sagrada familia. [Online] 2010.