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BY :A SHISH MAHESHWARI

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

A

 SEMINAR ONBASICS OF POWER  S YSTEM

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OBJECTIVE 

     BASIC CONCEPTS OF ELECTRICAL  

POWER SYSTEM,      VARIOUS EQUIPMENTS OF SUBSTATION

AND

     PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH POWER  SYSTEM.

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T INTRODUCTION T GENERATION

 T TRANSMISSION- PRIMARY 

- SECOUNDARY  T DISTRIBUTION

- PRIMARY - SECOUNDARY 

 T SUBSTATION AND ITS EQUIPMENTS T PROBLEMS : BLACKOUTS T CONCLUSION

CONTENTS

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INTRODUCTION

Modern society has come to depend on RELIABLE ELECTRIITY as

an essential resource .

Providing RELIABLE ELECTRICITY is an enormously complex

technical challenge, even on the most routine of days. It involves

real-time assessment, control and coordination of electricityproduction at thousands of generators, moving electricity across an

interconnected network of transmission lines, and ultimately

delivering the electricity to millions of customers by means of a

distribution network.

Generation

Transmission

Distribution

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Generation that can be done only and only by using some

energy sources.

Energy sources can be deviated in to two parts

 ± Non renewable energy sources/ Conventional energy sources

 ± Renewable energy sources/ Non Conventional energy sources

Non renewable energy sources are those sources that can

not be regenerated once consumed like coal ,oil and gas

Renewable energy sources are those sources which arereplenished with time like hydel power, solar and wind

power.

Generation Of Electrical Energy

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 SUBSTATION

A substation is a part of an electrical generation, transmission,

and distribution system, where voltage is transformed from

high to low, or the reverse, or many other important functions.

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Equipment Used Substations/power system

Bus-Bar 

Pin type

Suspension type

Post type

Strain type Shackle type

Pin type

Suspension type

Post type

Strain type Shackle type

Insulators:-

Isolating Switch

Power Transformer 

CT(current transformer) PT(potential transformer) CT(current transformer) PT(potential transformer)

Instrument transformer:-

Circuit Breaker 

Relays

Lightning Arrestor 

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PROBLEM ASSOCIATED WITHPOWER SYSTEM

Blackouts/Power outage: A power outage (also known as power cut, power 

failure, power loss, or black out) is a short- or long -term loss of the electric power to an area.

There are many causes of power failure in anelectricity network. Examples of theses causes include,faults at power stations, damage to power lines,substation or other parts of the distribution system, a

short circuits or the overloading of electricity mains. Power outage are categorizes in to three different

 phenomena, relating to the duration and effect of outage.

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Transient fault: Momentary (a few seconds) loss of power 

typically caused by a temporary fault on a power line

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A BROWNOUT ORSAG: Is a drop in

voltage in anelectrical power supply.

BLACKOUT refers tothe total loss of power to an area and is themost sever form of power outage thatcan occur.

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Blackout in north India happened in march

2008: 49 transmission lines in western Uttar 

Pradesh trip due to heavy smog

The power failure in nort

hern grid resulted in delays and cancellation of major trains To new Delhi. A scene of NEW DELHI Railway Station

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Preventing Blackouts: Building

a Smarter Power Grid

A smarter power grid that Automatically responds toproblems could reduce the rising number of blackouts.

Provide electricity at Reduced level.

Economic loss to the business would be less. North America and European companies are presently

working on building ³Smart Electrical Grid´ .

Development of Smart Electrical Grid will require digitalradios to wirelessly control the electricity distribution in

the country. » Uses advanced sensors and specializedcomputers to improve efficiency

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ADVANTAGES OF SMART GRID

Reliability

Efficiency

Security

Environment/climate change Global competitiveness

Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI)

Visualization technology

Intelligent Opportunistic

Green

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CONCLUSION

     Large scale blackout caused enormous

economical and social damages.

     To prevent blackout, above all we mustwell know the previous blackouts and find

their characteristics.

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