Basic Training on IC Engines

7/31/2019 Basic Training on IC Engines

1/32

MM-50

QUIZ-1-BASICS ON IC ENGINES

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A DI AND A

IDI ENGINE?

IN ONE CYCLE HOW MANY POWER STROKES WILL A

TWO STROKE AND A FOUR STROKE ENGINE

PRODUCE?

NAME THE FOUR STROKES OF THE FOUR STROKE

ENGINE?

WHAT ARE THE THREE IMPORTANT FUNCTIONS OF

THE BLOCK?

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE CRANKSHAFT?


2/32

BASIC KNOWLEDGE ON IC ENGINES


3/32

Different Terminologies and DefinitionsMetric HP:In countries where Metric units are used, one hp is usually

written as 1 Ps (pferdestarke). 75 Kp. Load is pulled to 1meter height in one second 1 Ps = 75 kpm/s.

Both metric and imperial HP are now often converted into

KW. Which are becoming universal measurements of power.

1 hp 1.0139ps 0.7457 kw100hp 101.387 ps 74.57 Kw

100ps 98.36 hp 73.55 Kw

100 Kw 134.10 hp 136.33 ps


4/32

Testing StandardsThe following test standards are mostly followed:

1. DIN 70020 (Germany)

2. BS AU 141a (U.K)

3. SAE 3270 (SAE/USA)

4. Indian Standard


5/32

CUT MODEL OF DIESEL ENGIENS


6/32


7/32

Parts of A Diesel Engine

Lub Oil Sump

Crankshaft

Lub. Oil Pump

Injector

Turbocharger

Water Pump

Alternator

Crank Pulley

Cylinder block

Compressor

Fuel Pump

Starter Motor

Cylinder Head


8/32

CYLINDER BLOCKThe block is a cast housing for all the major engine components.

It is the central component fitted toCylinder head

Timing Case

Sump

Flywheel Housing.


9/32

The block provides three main functions.

1.Cooling:

Water galleries within the block casting supply a flow of coolantaround each cylinder bore, through the flame face and into thecylinder head.

2.Lubrication:Drilled oil galleries throughout the block transfer oil to lubricate all

parts of the engine.

3.Stability:Blocks maintain their shape and size under a variety of temperature

and loads.


10/32

CRANKSHAFTThe crankshaft transfers power and torque generated by the engine cylinders.

It also supplies lubricant from the main to the big end bearings through lubrication

drillings in the crank ( and in most cases to the small end bearings through the

connecting rod.)


11/32

Lubrication drills in the crank


12/32

CONNECTING ROD


13/32

VALVE TRAIN


14/32

Valvetrain
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch14306/training.ppt


15/32

Engines are classified into two typesbased upon the combustion:

Internal Combustion Engine

External Combustion Engine


16/32

Internal Combustion Engine:

The combustion of the fuel takes place inside the engineie. In combustion chamber / cylinders and power produced.

Internal Combustion Engines are further classified into

Direct injection

&

Indirect injection Engines.


17/32

Direct Injection:

Air swirls around the piston bowl.The swirl pattern is determined by the inlet port.

The fuel is directly injected into the piston bowlwhich forms the base of the combustion chamber.

Fuel spray pattern from the nozzle & air turbulence from theswirl are matched to minimized emissions

(caused by unburned fuels)


18/32

Indirect Injection:

The fuel is injected into a separate combustionchamber which is connected by a throat to the

cylinder.

Although less thermally efficient its quieter andsmoother than Direct Injection Engines.


19/32

Direct Injection Bowl Indirect Injection Bowl


20/32

External Combustion Engine:

The combustion takes place outside the engineie. In the boiler but the power is produced inside the

cylinder.

Steam Engine is an example of external combustion engine.


21/32

Compression Ignition Engines:

The heat produced during the compression ofair in the cylinder ignites the fuel.

Spark ignition Engines:The electric spark ignites the mixture of air andfuel.


22/32

Types of Cycle used in engines:

1. Two Stroke Cycle

2. Four Stroke Cycle


23/32

Two Stroke Cycle

In two-stroke cycle engine, the crank rotates onerotation during one cycle of operation and produces one

power stroke.


24/32

Four Stroke Cycle

In four-stroke cycle engine, the crank rotates tworotations during one cycle of operation and produces one

power stroke.


25/32

A cycle is one complete sequence of events.What is a cycle:


26/32

A piston can move either IN or OUT in the cylinder.Each movement is called a Stroke

A Diesel engine also has four events for each cycle.

Each event is called a stroke.

SuctionCompression

PowerExhaust

Suction Stroke:


27/32

Suction Stroke:

a. Piston moves downwards

b. Inlet valve opensc. Air enters in to the cylinder

The piston (travelling downwards) draws a fresh charge ofair into the cylinder through the inlet valve.

Compression Stroke:


28/32

Compression Stroke:

The piston (travelling upwards) compresses the air in thecylinder to reach the correct compression ratio for

efficient combustion.

a. Piston moves upwardsb. Inlet valve closesc. Air is compressed and produces heat

d. Fuel is injected through the injector

Power Stroke:


29/32

Power Stroke:

Fuel is injected into the cylinder which mixes with the air and selfignites. Energy is released by this combustion as the gases expand.The power created drives the piston in a downwards motion which in

turn drives the crankshaft producing power at the flywheel.

a. Both the valves are in closed positionb. Due to high temperature of air fuel gets ignitedc. Due to burning of fuel, air inside the cylinder expands

and pushes the piston down wards

Exhaust Stroke:


30/32

Exhaust Stroke:

On the final stroke the exhaust valve opens and thepiston drives the exhaust gases out of the cylinder.

a. Exhaust Valve opensb. Piston moves upwardsc. The burnt gasses are pushed out of the cylinjder


31/32


32/32

MM-50

QUIZ-2-BASICS ON IC ENGINES

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A DI AND A

IDI ENGINE?

IN ONE CYCLE HOW MANY POWER STROKES WILL A

TWO STROKE AND A FOUR STROKE ENGINE

PRODUCE?

NAME THE FOUR STROKES OF THE FOUR STROKE

ENGINE?

WHAT ARE THE THREE IMPORTANT FUNCTIONS OF

THE BLOCK?

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE CRANKSHAFT?

Documents

Basic Training on IC Engines