Basic Set of Communication Standards (CALM)

Elektrische Signalverarbeitung Dr. Fischer GmbH

Basic Set of Communication Standards (CALM)

enabling

One common ITS platformas requested by the EC

Dr. Hans-Joachim FischerFichtenweg 9

89143 BlaubeurenGermany

+49 7344 [email protected]

26.5.2010Basic set of communication standards (CALM)2

http://isotc204wg16.org

Communications

Access for

Land

Mobiles

CALM standards were successfully validated within the CVIS project


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CALM standards

Ad-hoc


Introduction

This presentation

• does not aim on an explanation of standards,

• but focuses on the usage of CALM to enable the one common ITS platform requested by the European Commission.

The presentation considers

• the basic set of communication standards (CALM),

• the CVIS implementation and validation of them,

• and the lessons learned, i.e. planned amendments / modifications of them.

The presentation is in the spirit of

• international harmonization

• efficiency in the standard design work, i.e. to avoid duplicate or similar standards.


Paradigms

Intelligent Transport Systems architecture is based on paradigms, which were already generally agreed:

1. Functional concept of an ITS station

2. Two networking domains

3. Four ITS sub-systems defined by the implementation context

4. ITS applications as set of complementary ITS-S applications


ITS station reference architecture

Access

Networking &

Transport

Ma

na

ge

me

nt

Se

cu

rity

Facilities

Applications


Networking domains

ITS Ad Hoc

Network

ITS Station-

Internal

Network

Local Data

Network

Public

Access

Network

Private

Access

Network

Core

Networks

(e.g. Internet)

ITS Domain

Generic

Domain

ITS Station Boundary


ITS sub-systems

ITS peer-to-peer

communications

Personal ITS sub-sytem

Vehicular ITS sub-sytem

Roadside ITS sub-sytem

Central ITS sub-sytem


ITS-S applications

Application

ITS-S

Application(Service Provider)

Application

Layer (7)

Presentation

Layer (6)

Session

Layer (5)

Transport

Layer (4)

Network

Layer (3)

Data Link

Layer (2)

Physical

Layer (1)

Application

Layer (7)

Presentation

Layer (6)

Session

Layer (5)

Transport

Layer (4)

Network

Layer (3)

Data Link

Layer (2)

Physical

Layer (1)

Application

ITS-S

Application(Service User)

PSDU PSDU

SSDU

ASDU

TSDU

NSDU

LSDU

PSDU PSDU

LSDU

NSDU

TSDU

SSDU

ASDU

APDU

PPDU

SPDU

TPDU

NPDU

LPDU

stream

frame

packet

segment

data

data

data

ADU

API to applications

data

Fa

cili

ties la

ye

rN

etw

ork

ing

&

tra

npo

rt layer

Acce

ss laye

r


Communication scenarios


CALM single-hop scenario

ITS StationITS Station

Single hop from ITS station to ITS station, e.g. car to car ad-hoc


CALM networking scenario

ITS StationITS Station

Network

/

Multiple hops

ITS station via network to ITS station, e.g. car via Internet to central station


CALM legacy single-hop scenario

Legacy StationITS Station

Single hop from ITS station to legacy station, e.g. DSRC


CALM legacy networking scenario

Legacy StationITS Station

Network

/

Multiple hops

From ITS station via network to legacy station, e.g. car via UMTS to IPv4 station


CALM specialities

Great flexibility for implementation, i.e. single physical unit or several physical units per ITS sub-system.

Management communications between physical units of the same ITS sub-system, i.e. remote access to SAPs.

Automatic mapping of ITS-S applications onto CIs, covering the whole communication protocol stack, i.e. dynamic and static profiling of communications.

Multitude of access technologies, networking protocols, facilities and application domains.

Several methods of hand-over and congestion control.


CALM functionality

ITS-S Applications

Communication Interfaces (CI),

wireless and wired technologies,

for communication with other CALM stations,

and for in-station networking

MI

/ S

I

IN

ITS-S router

Ma

na

gem

en

t In

form

atio

n B

ase

(M

IB)

FAST

IN

MN

/ S

N

Networking & transport layer

Access layer

...

IPv6

TCP/IP suite

Non-CALM-

aware

CALM-

aware non-

IP-based

NF

NF

MI

/ S

IM

N /

SN

MF

/ S

F

CALM-

aware

IP-based

Ma

na

ge

me

nt

and S

ecu

rity

En

tity

Facilities layer

NF

MF

/ S

F

ITS-S host

...

Different classes and types of applications

supported by the necessary facilities

and necessary networking & transport protocols

mapped on a range of access technologies

operated within a bounded secure management domain.


Architecture options

Protocol stacks:

• FAST / WAVE over ad-hoc access

• Geo-Routing (payload on FAST, including IP over FAST)

• IP over ad-hoc access

• IP over cellular networks

• IP over broadband

• Satellites

• Broadcast reception

• Legacy support (DSRC)

Handover:

• ad-hoc to cellular and vice versa

• ad-hoc to ad-hoc (same access technology or different)


CALM access technologies

Data Link Layer (DLL)

Physical Layer (PHY)

Access layer

Communication adaptation

sub-layer (CAL)

IN

Secu

rity

ad

apta

tion

entity

(S

AE

)

SI

Ma

nag

em

en

t

ada

pta

tio

n

entity

(M

AE

)

MI Laye

r m

ana

gem

en

t


LLC frame format

ISO 21218 requires, as a minimum, support of U-frames.


CALM M5 LLC frame format

LLC

Header

1 octet

SNAP

Header

5 octets

SSAP

= 0xAA

1 octet

DSAP

= 0xAA

1 octet

NPDU

variable

LLC

Header

1 octet

SNAP

Header

5 octets

SSAP

= 0xAA

1 octet

DSAP

= 0xAA

1 octet

NPDU

variable

Length

2 octets

LLC

Header

variable

NPDU

variable

SSAP

1 octet

DSAP

1 octet

not supported so far


CALM M5 LLC header

CIPx: Option enabling notification of dynamically set MAC/PHY parameters


CALM M5 CIP header

Optional CIP header contains dynamically set MAC/PHY parameters as indicated with CIPx in the LLC header.

Network and Transport

HeaderAPDUCIP Header


CALM networking & transport

Transport Layer Protocols(e.g. ITS-specific, UDP, TCP)

Laye

r m

anag

em

en

t

Network layer protocols(e.g. ITS Station-internal Network, Geo-

Routing, IPv6, CALM FAST)

Networking &

Transport Layer

MN

NF

SN

IN


CALM networking & transport

Some important networking & transport protocols:

- IPv6

- FAST (single hop, and N-times multi-hop broadcast, including local forwarding of FAST packets between ITS-SCUs)

- GeoNet data

- CAM, DENM

- added value services

- DSRC legacy CI support

- ISO 15628 application support


CALM networking protocol selection

IN-SAP address Protocol

170 / 171 = 0xAA / 0xAB x101 0101 SNAP

182 / 183 = 0xB6 / 0xB7 x110 1101 IPv6

186 / 187 = 0xBA / 0xBB x101 1101 FAST (carries also GeoNet data)

190 / 191= 0xBE / 0xBF x111 1111 Position-based addressing

(not further specified)

242 / 243 = 0xF2 / 0xF3 x100 1111 OEM private

(not further specified)

246 / 247 = 0xF6 / 0xF7 x110 1111 Reserved for future use

250 / 251 = 0xFA / 0xFB x101 1111 Deprecated (ITS-MUX). Now reserved for future use


FAST implementations

CALM networking layer

Combined router / host A

CA

LM

Ma

na

ge

me

nt

Wireless CIs

Applications

CALM service layer


Combined router / host B

CA

LM

Ma

na

ge

me

nt

Wireless CIs

Applications

CALM service layer

Wireless link


Host A

CA

LM

Ma

na

ge

men

t

LAN CI

Applications

CALM service layer


Router A

CA

LM

Ma

na

ge

men

t

LAN CI Wireless CIs


Host A

CA

LM

Ma

nag

em

en

t

LAN CI

Applications

CALM service layer


Router A

CA

LM

Ma

nag

em

en

t

LAN CI Wireless CIs

Local network station A

Local network station B

Wir

ele

ss lin

k


Host A

CA

LM

Ma

na

ge

men

t

LAN CI

Applications

CALM service layer


Router A

CA

LM

Ma

na

ge

men

t

LAN CI Wireless CIs

Local network station A

Wir

ele

ss lin

k


Combined router / host B

CA

LM

Ma

nag

em

en

t

Wireless CIs

Applications

CALM service layer


FAST addressing

One octet number NWref to dynamically identify end points. Allows for up to 251 simultaneous relations to peer stations. To be extended to two or more octets?


CALM facilities

Laye

r m

anag

em

en

t

Facilities Layer

MF

FA

SF

NF

Application Support

Information Support

Communication / Session

Support


CALM facilities

Some important facilities:

- FAST service (advertisement [SAF, SCF] and session [request, response])

- DSRC legacy CI support (based on FAST)

- ISO 15628 application support (based on FAST) "15629 kernel emulator"


FAST service advertisement

Exchange of address information and application IDs

MAC broadcast / multicast

MAC unicast

MAC unicast

optional

IVC and RVC ITS-S applications


FAST NPDU

FAST NPDU

Network header TPDUHeader

extension

FAST TPDU

BodyHeader

sourceAddress

NWref

destinationAddress

NWref

FAST network header

FAST header extension

destinationAddress

NWrefControl field Hop count

Other optional

elements


FAST TPDU header for STA


FAST TPDU body - STA part 1


FAST TPDU body - STA part 2


FAST PPDU header for STC


FAST TPDU body - STC part 1


FAST TPDU body - STC part 2


FAST TPDU header - data exchange


FAST TPDU body - data exchange


FAST general TPDU body

FAST NPDU can carry different payloads simultaneously, e.g. GeoNet data, added value service data, IP service advertisement, ....

New WIs at ISO to harmonize further FAST with WAVE, and to

Implement GeoNet functionality (Geo-Routing)

GeoNet data can be managed as payload for a slim N-hop networking protocol such as CALM FAST!


Example SAF

FAST TPDU ...

message

Type "0"

service

ID "a"serverID serviceData

"CAM"

service

ID "b"

serviceData (GeoNet, no reply

expected)

service

ID "c"

serviceData (App "c", reply

expected)

server

NWref (App "c")

... FAST TPDU

service

ID "d"

server

NWref (App "d")

service

Channel (App "d")

channel

List

Broadcast only.

Initialisation with data.

Reply expected on same channel.

Initialisation without data.

Reply expected on other channel.

Service advertisement on 5,9 GHz CCH.

Operation of service at 5,4 GHz or IR ....


Next steps for service advertisement / announcement

CEN and ETSI have work items on serviceID (application identifier).

The goal is to harmonize such a number globally (CEN, ETSI, ISO, IEEE, ...) and to specify the management of the numbers (registration authority, ...).

ETSI STF 404 currently is doing the first step, i.e. developing a harmonized scheme (CEN, ETSI, ISO, IEEE) for serviceID.

ISO and IEEE are working together to harmonize FAST and WAVE.

WARNING:

Although the joint EU-U.S. declaration on development of harmonized standards for ITS is well known, ETSI TC ITS WG1 developed a new approach for service advertisement / announcement. TS 102 637-2 (CAM) is already published and incompliant with the ISO approach. TS 102 890-2 on service announcement (SAM) is under production, but depends on TS 102 637-2.


CAM

protocolVersion

= 0

messageID

= 0 (CAM)generateTime stationId

reference

Position

station

CharacteristicstaggedList

1 octet 1 octet 6 octets 4 octets not defined variable variable

messageType serverID

< 1 octet 4 octets

serviceID

variable

serviceData

- SAF,

- SCF,

- Request (no

response)

- Request

(response

exptected)

- Response

FAST service advertisement (ISO 24102)

CAM (TS 102 637-2)

Is this payload

for CAM, or a

general element

Which protocol

is meant?

This is payload

for CAM!? not a

general element

General elements can be

inserted in the next

revision of ISO 24102!

(Timestamp, location)

protocolVersion should follow messageID


SAM

protocolVersion

= 0

messageID

= 1 (SAM)generateTime stationId

serviceID

communityID

communication

ProfileID

1 octet 1 octet 6 octets 4 octets 7 octets 1 octet

messageType serverID

< 1 octet 4 octets

serviceID

variable

serviceData

- SAF,

- SCF,

- Request (no

response)

- Request

(response

exptected)

- Response

FAST service advertisement (ISO 24102)

SAM (TS 102 890-2)

Which protocol

is meant?

General

element!?

General elements can be

inserted in the next

revision of ISO 24102!

(Timestamp)

Can be part of

serviceID!

communityID is

not needed in

the air.

no data hereprotocolVersion should follow messageID


15628 kernel emulator

CALM 15628 FAST service user entity

FAST networking & transport

CALM CI

of CI class CIC-wl1

IN

facilities

NF

ITS

Ma

na

ge

me

nt

MI

MN

MF

Applications

FA

15628 legacy application

15628 Kernel Emulator


DSRC legacy CI support

CALM FAST networking & transport

Access

Legacy CI

Extended CAL

IN

Facilities

NFIT

S M

an

ag

em

en

t

MI

MN

MF

Applications

FA

Legacy Service Entity

Legacy CI Port Manager


DSRC legacy CI support

CALM FAST networking & transport

15628 CI

CM – OSI layer 1

CM – OSI layer 2

CM – ISO 15628

CAL - Agent Application

Application Interface

IN

Facilities

NF

ITS

Ma

na

ge

me

nt

MI

MN

MF

15628 FAST service provider entity

OSI layer 1

OSI layer 2

ISO 15628

15628 Application

APDU

Legacy Port Manager

Applications

FA

15628 Principal

Application

Application Interface


CALM management

CI selection management

CI state management

CI interference management

- Protection of DSRC implemented in CVIS

Inter-ITS-SCU management communications

- remote access to SAPs

Groupcast management

Congestion control


CALM CI selection

CI selection

ITS-S

application

requirement

list

CI / VCI

status

list

MMI

Forwarding

tablesCIs

ITS-S

applications

/ Facilities

MF-SAP

MI-SAP MN-SAP

Set of rules


CALM CI states

not_existentexistent

power on /

activate

registered

register

deregister

active

create VCI

inactive

suspended

suspend

resume

deregister

deregister

inactivate

inactivate

deregister

activate

connectedconnect

disconnect

inactivate

deregister

delete VCI


CALM interference management

A first approach provides a general tool to temporarily switch-off CIs.

This tool also is used to support coexistence of CEN DSRC with CALM M5.


The various functional blocks identified for ITS

ITS-S host

ITS-S router

ITS-S gateway

ITS-S border router

may be integrated in an ITS sub-system in a single or in various physical units.

CALM distributed implementation

Access

Technologies

Networking &

Transport

Man

ag

em

en

t

Sec

uri

ty

Access

Technologies

Networking &

Transport

Ma

na

ge

me

nt

Se

cu

rity

OSI

layer 3

…

layer 1

Access

Networking &

Transport

Man

ag

em

en

t

Sec

uri

ty

Facilities

OSI

layer 7

…

layer 1

Access

Networking &

Transport

Ma

na

ge

me

nt

Se

cu

rity

Facilities

Applications


CALM Inter-ITS-SCU communication

LAN CI

Networking &

Transport

OBE Host

ITS-S

Application

Facilities

Ma

nag

em

ent

&

Se

curi

ty

LAN CI

Networking &

Transport

OBE Host

ITS-S

Application

Facilities

Ma

nag

em

ent

&

Se

curi

ty

LAN

CI

OEM Firewall /

Gateway

IVN CI

Networking /

Routing

IVN CI

Sensors

and Control

In-vehicle

application

Networking &

Transport

OBE Router

Ma

na

ge

me

nt &

Se

cu

rity

LAN

CIM5 CI

Networking &

Transport

OBE Router

Ma

na

ge

me

nt &

Se

cu

rity

LAN

CI3G CI

OEM in-vehicle network

ITS station-internal network

Networking &

Transport

OBE Router

Ma

na

ge

me

nt &

Se

cu

rity

LAN

CIIR CI

Access to remote SAPs


CALM groupcast management

Groupcast management is illustrated in ISO 29281 as a process allocated in the ITS station management and the ITS networking & transport layer.

The essential functionality is specified in detail in the context of FAST service advertisement.

Groupcast

Manager

Scheduler

#i

Scheduler

#i

Scheduler

#i

Groupcasting via

IN-SAP,

STA transmission IN

Re

ce

ptio

n o

f S

TA

/ S

TC

Ma

na

gin

g

sch

ed

ule

rs

(De-) registration

of CALM services

Notification of

peer services


CALM congestion control

CALM ITS congestion control is illustrated in general, without specifying technical mandatory details so far.

It will support various approaches, e.g.

- congestion control for a specific access technology, e.g. M5

- usage of different access technologies, e.g. M5 and IR, applying hand-over.

- procedures at all OSI layers.


One common platform(CALM M5 part)

• CVIS media: CALM M5 (5.9/5.5 GHz), CALM IR and 3G (UMTS)

• SAFESPOT uses CALM M5 only (5.9 GHz )

• Common trials based on joint Control Channel (CCH)

• Two 5 GHz radios enable concurrent traffic

CCHSCH 2SCH 1

5.875 5.885 5.895 5.905

C2C-CC

SAFESPOT

CCHCVIS

Joint

SolutionCCHSCH 2SCH 1

Full Datarate

SCH

Full Datarate

SCH

5.470 GHz


One common platform(A possible general approach)

CVIS

Host

SAFESPOT

Host

Joint Router

CVIS-SAFESPOTCALM – SF Protocol

Translator

CALM M5 / FAST

Manager

Ethernet, IPv6 Ethernet, IPv4 / CAN

• Joint CAM/FAST Service Advertisement on CCH

• Data on SCH 1/2• IPv6 data on

Full DatarateSCH


One common platform(CVIS implementation)

Safespot host

(Safety LDM)

CVIS host (FOAM

COMO, POMA

LDM)

CVIS OS (Linux)

CALM FAST

translator / router

FAST/IPv6

FAST/IPv6 FAST/IPv6

TCP+UDP/IPv4


Information sites

http://www.tc204wg16.de Private CALM site of ESF GmbH

http://www.cvisproject.org CVIS public site

http://www.isotc204wg16.org/ CALM public site

http://www.tiaonline.org/standards/secretariats_tags/iso_tc204ISO TC204 public site

http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/11IEEE 802.11 public site

http://www.tc204wg16.de/

http://www.cvisproject.org/

http://www.isotc204wg16.org/

http://www.tiaonline.org/standards/secretariats_tags/iso_tc204

http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/11


The end

ITS consultant

ESF GmbHHans-Joachim Fischer

Fichtenweg 9D-89143 Blaubeuren

Germanyhttp://www.fischer-tech.info

http://[email protected]

phone: +49 7344 175 340fax: +49 7344 919 123

http://www.fischer-tech.de/






mailto:[email protected]




Documents

Basic Set of Communication Standards (CALM)