FIRST AID for the USMLE STEP 1 2008

FIRST AID for the Basic Sciences: General PrinciplesOfficial Updates, Corrections, and Clarifications

Updated November 2009Despite our best efforts, errors do occur during the revision. If you see a verifiable error not on this list, please report it to our blog at www.firstaidteam.com. If you are the first to report the error, you will receive a $10 gift certificate.

The Basic Sciences TeamChapterPage #Correction/Clarification

Anatomy and Histologyp.11The last sentence under Neutrophils should read, The neutrophils contain several enzymes, most notably NADPH oxidase, which produces O2- radicals and directs the oxidative burst, and the Myeloperoxidase system (MPO), which uses hydrogen peroxide and chloride to generate hypochlorous acid (HOCl), a potent bactericidal oxidant.

Anatomy and Histologyp. 18In the second paragraph of the Layers of the Abdominal Wall, reference should be made to Figure 1-3, not Figure 1-8.

Anatomy and Histologyp. 20In Figure 2-28, the ligament that is currently labeled medial umbilical ligament should be labeled median umbilical ligament.

Anatomy and Histologyp. 31In the Figure 1-29, the reference to The electron micrograph (lower right) and its description should be deleted as there is no electron micrograph in the figure.

Behavioral Sciencep. 50In the third sentence of the second paragraph, (remember, sensitivity rules people in) should be deleted.

Biochemistryp. 76Under the last Key Fact, Substitution should be replaced with Transition and the Key Fact should read, Transition: Mutations that substitute a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine, or a purine with another purine.

Biochemistryp. 77In Figure 3-2, in the last to the right adenosine molecule, the double bond to the NH2 group should be replaced with a single bond.

Biochemistryp. 78The second bullet below Purine Salvage Pathway should read Catalyzed by hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT), which is inhibited by IMP and GMP.

Biochemistryp. 89In the first row of Table 3-8, rRNA should read rRNA (28S, 18S, and 5.8S).

Biochemistryp. 89In Table 3-8, the third row under RNA Type Made should read tRNA, rRNA 5S.

Biochemistryp. 91The Flash Forward should read Buy AT 30, CELL AT 50. Certain antibiotics target the bacterial ribosome and disrupt translation. Aminoglycosides and Tetracycline inhibit the 30s subunit. Chloramphenicol, Erythromycin, CLindamycin, and Lincomycin inhibit the 50s ribosome subunit.

Biochemistryp. 92In the last sentence under Protein synthesis, Protein synthesis three steps should read, Protein synthesis occurs in three steps.

Biochemistryp. 96In Figure 3-19, the Mat that appears four times next to Peptide should read Met.

Biochemistryp. 96In Part E of Figure 3-19, Pre should read Pro.

Biochemistryp. 97In the second Clinical Correlation, chromosomes 9 and 12 should read chromosomes 9 and 22.

Biochemistryp. 103The first sentence under Cell Cycle Checkpoints should read When entering cell division or mitosis, the cell cycle enters.

Biochemistryp. 104In the third paragraph, Cdh1 should be replaced with CDK1.

Biochemistryp. 112In the first equation below the Kinetics heading, the top arrow should point left to right and the bottom arrow should point right to left.

Biochemistryp. 113In Table 3-13, in the first row of the Indicates column, High k1 should be replaced with High k1. In the second row of the Indicates column Low k1 should be replaced with Low k1.

Biochemistryp. 114The last sentence of the clinical correlation should read, Inhibition of methanol bindingby promoting the conversion of ethanol to nontoxic acetaldehyde.

Biochemistryp. 121In Figure 3-33, the GDP that appears on the bottom left-hand side of Part C should be replaced with a GTP.

Biochemistryp. 122In Figure 3-34, under Receptor interacting with Gq protein class, 3 should be replaced with 1.

Biochemistryp. 128The margin element should read Key Fact and not Clinical Correlation.

Biochemistryp. 129In the first sentence, a period should be inserted between fibers and Elastin.

Biochemistryp. 132In the second to last sentence of the last paragraph, the sentence should read G6PD deficiency is exacerbated by consumption of fava beans.

Biochemistryp. 134In Figure 3-42, Glucose-6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase should be moved so that it appears next to the arrow between Glucose-6p and 6-Phosphogluconolactone.

Biochemistryp. 137In Figure 3-45, The Glucose-6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase should be moved from the first step to the second step.

Biochemistryp. 141The fourth bullet point under the Regulation heading should read Glucose-6-phosphate converts glucose-6-phosphate glucose.

Biochemistryp. 142In the mnemonic, delete the repeated Fumarate.

Biochemistryp. 144In Figure 3-52, in the carboxylic acid group, the bond between C and O should be a double bond. In the amino acids section an H should be added to the O connected to the C with a single bond (bottom right O in each figure). The figure should also be resized; the right edge is currently cut off.

Biochemistryp. 155In Figure 3-65, next to Secondary Lysosome, replace Tag with Tgb.

Biochemistryp. 156In the last bulleted list, See Figure 3-69 should read See Figure 3-68.

Biochemistryp. 162In the first paragraph, see Figure 3-75 should read see Figure 3-74.

Biochemistryp. 163In the first paragraph under Maple Syrup Urine Disease the last sentence should read, This leads to an increase in alpha-keto acids in the blood, especially leucine.

Biochemistryp. 168The Key Fact regarding methotrexate should appear at the top of page 169.

Biochemistryp. 168In Figure 3-76, an arrow should be placed indicating the conversion of dUMP to dTMP.

Biochemistryp. 170In the last paragraph, the sentence that reads -Carotene...is found in green vegetables should be replaced with -Carotene...is present in high quantities in fruits and vegetables.

Biochemistryp. 172In the second paragraph, the sentence that reads Rickets results from not receiving enough calcium and phosphate going to the sites where bone mineralization is taking place should be deleted.

Biochemistryp. 172Third bullet under Vitamin D- Cholecalciferol for X-linked rickets, 1,25-OHD should be replaced by 1,25 (OH)2 D3.

Biochemistryp. 173In Figure 3-79, 25-OH (OH) Vitamin D between liver and kidney should read, 25-OH Vitamin D.

Biochemistryp. 174In the third sentence under Vitamin K Phylloquinone, the second repetition of in the should be deleted.

Biochemistryp. 177In Figure 3-85, the text increased by lasting should read increased by fasting.

Biochemistryp. 177The legend for Figure 3-85 should read Pathways in red indicate targets that are stimulated by insulin and increased by feeding. Pathways in blue indicate targets that are inhibited by insulin and are increased by fasting and in diabetes.

Biochemistryp. 201In Table 3-29, in the second bullet point under the description for Hunters syndrome, Like Hunter's, but milder... should read Like Hurler's, but milder.

Biochemistryp. 211In Table 3-32, under Hemoglobin Expressed for Hydrops fetalis, HbH(4) should be replaced with HbH(4).

Biochemistryp. 229In Figure 3-124, the figure description, Robertsonian translocation resulting in Down's syndrome should read, Balanced Robertsonian translocation.

Embryologyp. 237In Figure 4-3, the 2 should be moved to the right following the arrow, and it should read, 2 Spermatocyte, thus describing the transition from 1 Spermatocyte to 2 Spermatocyte.

Embryologyp. 256In Figure 4-24, Tongue development in the third panel on the right should read, Taste via VII instead of Taste via VIII.

Microbiologyp. 266The first sentence of the last bullet point on the page should read Anaerobic respiration: ATP is also formed through substrate level phosphorylation; however, other high energy molecules such as SO42 and NO3 are used as the terminal electron acceptors rather than O2.

Microbiologyp. 271In Figure 5-4, under -hemolytic microorganisms, the pink boxes should read, Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus agalactiae respectively.

Microbiologyp. 281In the second bullet under Characteristics for Streptococcus pyogenes, the sentence should read, Like all streptococci, it is catalase-negative and sensitive to the antibiotic bacitracin.

Microbiologyp. 284Below the heading VIRIDANS STREPTOCOCCI, the fourth bullet that reads S. bovis, which is associated with malignancies of the GI tract should be deleted.

Microbiologyp. 301In the second sentence of the first paragraph, gram-negative czocci should read gram-negative cocci.

Microbiologyp. 310The last sentence in the first paragraph under Characteristics of Shigella species should read, when cultured, does not ferment lactose and is not able to produce H2S.

Microbiologyp. 311Second sentence under Characteristics should read, Salmonella spp. is a motile, gram negative rod that does not produce H2S gas and does not ferment lactose.

Microbiologyp. 327In Table 5-20, the second row of the Pathogen column should read Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme).

Microbiologyp. 333In Figure 5-30, Pneumocystis carinni should be replaced with Pneumocystis jiroveci.

Microbiologyp. 333In Figure 5-30, in the diagram for Histoplasma capsulatum, the image of a cat should be replaced with one of a bat, and the text Birds/cats should read, Birds/bats.

Microbiologyp. 362Under DNA viruses, #3: Icosahedral capsid, the bulleted sentence should read, Poxviruses, which have a complex capsid.

Microbiologyp. 369In the last sentence under Slow Infections, the reference to Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and kuru should be replaced with: ...JC virus, BK virus and others.

p. 391In the third sentence under Clinical Symptoms for Hepatitis C, (EIA) detects the antibodies to HAV.... should read, (EIA) detects the antibodies to HCV.

Microbiologyp. 407In the last sentence under Treatment for Rotavirus, intusseption in children should read, Intussusception in children.

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