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Basic Principles of Gas Chromatography
Martin R. Hackman
NJ - DEP
Office of Quality Assurance
THE CHROMATOGRAPHIC PROCESS - PARTITIONINGTHE CHROMATOGRAPHIC PROCESS - PARTITIONING
(gas or liquid)MOBILE PHASEMOBILE PHASE
STATIONARY PHASESTATIONARY PHASE
Sampleout
Samplein
(solid or heavy liquid coated onto a solid or support system)
GC Methods
Parameter Group Method Compounds
• SDW05.13000’s EPA 502.2 VOC’s
• SDW05.24000’s EPA 551.1 Cl-VOC’s/Pests
• WPP05.04000’s EPA 604 Phenols
• WPP06.03000’s EPA 625 SVOC’s
• SHW06.21000’s SW-846 8141A Org-P Pests
Instrumentation
Injection Port - Sample introduction
Manual - Direct Injection
Automated - Autosampler
- Purge and Trap
Temperature Control
• Isothermal • Gradient
0
40
80
120
160
200
240
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (min)
Tem
p (
deg
C)
Instrumentation - Oven
Columns
• Packed
• Capillary
Polarity
Non-polar
Polar
+-
Phases
Instrumentation - Detectors
Destructive
• Mass Spectral (CI/EI) [625]
• Flame Ionization (FID) [604]
• Nitrogen-Phosphorus (NPD) [8141A]
• Flame Photometric (FPD) [8141A]
• Electrolytic Conductivity (Hall/ELCD) [502.2]
Instrumentation - Detectors
Non-Destructive
• Thermal Conductivity (TCD)
• Electron Capture (ECD) [551.1]
• Photo Ionization (PID) [502.2]
Chromatograms - 551.1
Chromatograms - 604
Supelco® PTE-5 Supelco® SPB-50
m- Cresol