Basic Principles in Tourism Mgt.(OVERVIEW of TOURISM) (5)

7/31/2019 Basic Principles in Tourism Mgt.(OVERVIEW of TOURISM) (5)

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PRINCIPLES OF

TOURISM


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TOURISM

Definition: activities of persons travelling to andstaying in places outside their usual environmentfor not more than one consecutive year for

leisure, business, and other purposes. The processes, activities, and outcomes arising

from the relationships and the interactionsamong tourists, tourism suppliers, host

governments, host communities, andsurrounding environments that are involved inattracting and hosting of visitors.


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World Tourism Organization (WTO) Definitions

International Tourism Inbound Tourism: Visit to a country by non-residents

Outbound Tourism: Visits of residents of a country toanother country

Domestic tourism: visits by residents of acountry to their own country

Internal tourism: Visits by residents and

residents of the country of reference (Inboundtourism plus domestic tourism)

National tourism: Internal tourism plus outboundtourism


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WTO Definitions

Traveller any person on a trip betweentwo or more countries or between two ormore localities within his/her country of

usual residence Same-day visitors (excursionists) visitors

who do not spend the night in a collectiveor private accommodation in the countryvisited

Tourists visitors who stay in the countrydesired for at least one night


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COMPONENTS OF TOURISM &

TOURISM MANAGEMENT

1. The Tourist it is important to know theirtravel motivations and factors thatinfluence their choice of destination and

activities2. Natural Resource and Environment

composed of:

Physiography nature & appearance oflandscape

Climate kind of weather of a place over aperiod

People residents and concurrent visitors


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3. Built Environment that created by

humans. Includes:

a) Infrastructure put in place to meet needs

of local residents (Roads, telecommunications)b) Superstructure facilities that have beendeveloped to respond to the demands of visitors(Theme Parks)

c) Technologyd) Information

e) Governance

COMPONENTS OF TOURISM & TOURISM

MANAGEMENT


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COMPONENTS OF TOURISM & TOURISMMANAGEMENT

4. Operating Sectors represent what many of thegeneral public perceive as tourism. Includesthe following:

a) Transportation

b) Accommodation

c) Food services

d) Attractions

e) Eventsf) Adventure and outdoor recreation

g) Entertainment

h) Travel Trade sector and tourism services


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5. Spirit of Hospitality the challenge facingdestinations is to deliver their experiences in away that enables the visitors to believe that they

are welcome and that they are truly guests6. Planning, Development, Promotion & Catalyst

Organizations composed of the visionaries,policy makers, strategic planners, and individuals

and groups who make the right things happenled by the destination management organization

COMPONENTS OF TOURISM & TOURISMMANAGEMENT


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Destination marketingorganizations: DMOs

as the travel industry calls them,

are organizations whose purposeis to promote and facilitate travelto and within their districts, cities,

regions, states/provinces, nationsor evencontinents.


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The Tourism Product

Not a single tangible thing but an amalgamor combination of the ff:a) Intangible elements - Image, hospitality,

courtesy, friendliness, helpfulness, ambiance,security, etc.

b) Tangible elements the natural environment,hotels, restaurants, resorts, food, supportfacilities like airports, aircraft, roads, food,destination, festivals, etc.

Thus, enhancing and preserving the tourismproduct is everybodys concern, from thedriver to the market vendor to the tour guideto the resort owner up to the President


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The 4 Different Perspectives of TourismAccording to Stakeholders

To the touristthe nature of the touristspsychic & physical experiences and satisfactionswill determine choice of destination andactivities

To tourism suppliers (those that provide touristgoods and services) concerned with revenuegeneration and customer satisfaction

To the government plays an important factorin tourism policy, development, promotion, andimplementation. Concerned with generation ofincome, foreign exchange

To host community - local people see tourismas a cultural and employment factor


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GENERAL ROLES OF PARTNERS

National Tourism Organization DOT

Formulation of policies & guidelines

National planning & development of touristdestinations and activities

Promotion of the Philippines locally &internationally

Local Government Units & Communities

Get their destination ready to host tourists Regulate tourism-related businesses

Promote the province, city, town


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GENERAL ROLES OF PARTNERS

Other National Government Agencies

Regulate and develop attractions, supportinfrastructure, and services required for

tourism development

Private Sector/Operating Sectors

Plan and develop tour products & services

Promote & sell tours


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TYPES OF TOURISTS

I. Plogs ModelA. Allocentric outgoing, confident, adventurous &willing to experiment and explore; ex:backpackers, mountaineers

B. Psychocentric conservative, prefer familiar,highly secure surroundings, non-risk takers;

Example: local travelers who go only to Baguioduring summer every year

C. Midcentric not too adventurous yet not tooconservative in their choice of destinations. Mosttourists belong to this category; ex: travelers toPuerto Galera


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II. Cohens Model Organized Mass Tourist goes on packaged

tours, prefers the familiar environment Individual Mass Tourist Major arrangements

made through a travel agent although tourist

has some control over his itinerary and timeallocations

Explorer usually plans his own trip, avoidsdeveloped tourist attractions, mixes with locals

but still protected by environmental bubble Drifter plans his own trip, avoids tourist

attractions and lives with the locals, immerses inthe host culture, partakes of the local food, livesin the local shelter and observes local habits andlifestyle

TYPES OF TOURISTS


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Pleasure/Vacation people travel to enjoy, relax,

and have funVisit Friends or Relatives (VFR) - Aim is bonding

(which means to strengthen personal ties) ormeet new friends

Business and Professional Reasons includingconventions people under this category usuallyattend to their primary work objective first beforeundertaking their secondary objective of holiday

Health/Treatment includes traditional healthrelaxation and rejuvenation (such as spa,massage) and medical tourism

Religion or Pilgrimage includes pilgrimage toMecca by Muslims and visits to holy shrines like

Jerusalem, Lourdes, and Fatima

PURPOSE OF TRAVEL


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TRAVEL MOTIVATION

Motivation an internal factor thatarouses, directs and integrates a personsbehavior. It is the reason behind whatpeople do. It deals with the innate need of

a person to go to a place

The most common model is AbrahamMaslows Theory of Motivation


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MODELS/THEORIES ON TRAVEL MOTIVATION

A. Push-Pull Theory/Model Push Factors socio-psychological or personal

motives. Involves anomie (mans need for loveand affection), ego enhancement, increasedwealth

Pull factors motives aroused by the destinationsuch as white sand, beach

B. Wanderlust-Sunlust Theory Wanderlust motives that cause individuals to

want to experience different existing culturesand places or historically significant areas

Sunlust the desire to experience different orbetter facilities outside ones place of residence

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Basic Principles in Tourism Mgt.(OVERVIEW of TOURISM) (5)