BASIC MACHINE TOOLS

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BASIC MACHINE TOOLS

By

Nikunj Patel

S.B.POLYTECHNIC, SAVLI

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

A Presentation on

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INTRODUCTION

DEFINITION OF MACHINE TOOL:

Machines using power which are used for metal cutting processes

are called machine tools.

CLASSIFICATION OF MACHINE TOOLS:

1. Basic machine tools/ general purpose machine tools (Lathe m/c)

2. Production machine tools (Capstan lathe)

3. Special purpose machine tools (Piston turning lathe )

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BASIC MACHINE TOOLS ARE..

Lathe machine

Milling machine

Drilling machine

Shaper machine

Planer machine

Slotting machine

Boring machine


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1. Lathe machine

Working principle of lathe:

The work piece is either held in chuck or betweentwo centers and rotated. Suitable cutting tool is held

in tool post and by selecting suitable cuttingparameters and with relative working motionbetween work piece and cutting tools. Unwantedmaterial is removed from the work piece in the formof chip to get desired chip to get desired shape, sizeand finish.

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Classificationof lathe

According to designed characteristics and operation

lathe are classified as:

1)Speed lathe (variable speed)

2) Engine lathe (centre lathe.steam engine)

3) Bench lathe (mounted on work benchfor small job)

4) Tool room lathe (make small tools in shop floor)

5) Capstan and turret lathe (for production lathe)

6) Special purpose lathe

7) Automatic lathe (heavy duty mass production) 5


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Construction of lathe machine

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Specification of lathe machine

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--- - --- - --- - --- - --- - --- - ---

1. Height of centre: B2. Swing diameter over bed: 2B

3. Length between centers: A

4. Swing diameter over carriage: 2C

5. Max. bar diameter6. Length of bed


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1. The width and depth of bed

2. The width and depth of gap in case of gap bed lathe

3. Swing over gap

4. Diameter of spindle nose

5. More stepper of centers

6. Spindle speed range and number

7. Pitch of lead screw8. Capacity of motor

Some other specifications are...

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Lathe accessories:

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1. Four jaw independent chuck2. Three jaw universal or self centering chuck

3. Combination chuck

4. Magnetic chuck

5. Collet chuck

6. Drill chuck

7. Carrier or dog

8. Dividing plate or catch plate

9. Face plate

10.Angle plate11.Mandrel

12.Rest

13.Tool posts


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Lathe operationsOperation which are performed either by holding

the work piece between centers or in chuck:

1. Straight turning 8. Filing

2. Taper turning 9. Spinning

3. Facing 10. Forming

4. Chamfering 11. Polishing

5. Thread cutting 12. Eccentric turning

6. Knurling 13. Shoulder turning

7. Grooving 14. Spring winding

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Operation which are performed by holding the work by

chuck or a face plate or an angle plate:

1. Drilling 6. Internal thread cutting

2. Reaming 7. Tapping

3. Boring 8. Under cutting

4. Counter boring 9. Parting off

5. Taper boring

Operations which are performed by using special

attachments are:

1. Grinding

2. Milling


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2. Drilling machineDrilling is simple and very convenient way of getting holes.

CLASSIFICATION OF DRILLING MACHINE:

1.According to construction

2.According to application

There are varieties of drilling machine in use:

1.Portable drilling machine

2.Sensitive drilling machine

3.Upright drilling machine

4.Radial drilling machine

5.Gang drilling machine6.Multispindle drilling machine

7.Turret type drilling machine

8.Automatic drilling machine

9.NC drilling machine

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Construction of drilling machine

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http://www.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://metalworkingmachine.net/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/drilling-machine-.jpg&imgrefurl=http://metalworkingmachine.net/2011/02/21/drilling-machine/&usg=__zj3Rw5hkVnoAGhV40efQw8x3Vlo=&h=493&w=373&sz=44&hl=en&start=2&zoom=1&tbnid=kCzY6sFbzB9EgM:&tbnh=130&tbnw=98&ei=PES6TfWUDIeyrAf_zuFm&prev=/search?q=drilling+machine&um=1&hl=en&sa=N&tbm=isch&um=1&itbs=1


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Specification of drilling machine

Make

Model

Drilling capacity

Spindle speed (RPM)

Main motor (KW)

Max diameter of drilling

Max diameter of work piece

Length of armSize and no. of holes

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Work holding devices used.

1. Machine vice

2. T-bolt

3. Step block

4. Parallels5. V-block

6. Angle plate

7. Step clamp8. Drill chip

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Tool holding devices used

Drill chuck

Sleeve and socket

Spindle in which the tool is fitted directly


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Drilling operations.

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1. Drilling2. Reaming

3. Boring

4. Counter boring

5. Counter sinking6. Spot facing

7. Tapping

8. Grinding

9. Trepanning


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3. Shaper machine

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Shaper is used generally to get flat surfaces on smallto medium size work piece.
http://www.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.esskaymachines.com/full-images/728151.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.esskaymachines.com/shaper-machine.htm&usg=__6ufn5LHtMvnI3scvMvNgfXeCMxY=&h=280&w=368&sz=11&hl=en&start=4&zoom=1&tbnid=lBz_DHVOI8k8lM:&tbnh=93&tbnw=122&ei=hkS6TZC4GMatrAet9sxd&prev=/search?q=shaper+machine&um=1&hl=en&sa=N&tbm=isch&um=1&itbs=1


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Classification of shaper machine

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According to driving mechanism:

1. Crank type

2. Gear type

3. Hydraulic type

According to direction of travel of arm:1. Horizontal shaper

2. Vertical shaper

3. Traveling head shaper

According to design table

1. Standard shaper

2. Universal shaper

According to nature of cutting stroke

1. Push type shaper

2. Draw type shaper


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Operation performed on shaper

1. Machining horizontal surface

2. Machining vertical surface

3. Machining angular surface

4. Cutting slot, grooves and key ways

5. Machining irregular surface

6. Machining splines or cutting gears

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4. Millingmachine

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http://www.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.thesurfacegrinder.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/cnc-milling-machine-CS-U4501.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.thesurfacegrinder.com/2011/03/08/milling-machine-arbors-2/&usg=__VTzKDUnpZYLXrlpq1prceWt6AP4=&h=394&w=350&sz=41&hl=en&start=3&zoom=1&tbnid=uA0rUD7yepXWOM:&tbnh=124&tbnw=110&ei=IUW6TanSBIXzrQeXg8B2&prev=/search?q=milling+machine&um=1&hl=en&sa=N&tbm=isch&um=1&itbs=1


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Milling cutters..

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Thank You

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BASIC MACHINE TOOLS