ERC

BASIC LIFE SUPPORT

ERC

Risks to the rescuer:poisoning

• Hydrogen cyanide or hydrogensulphide gas

–mask and non-return

• Corrosive chemicals

–absorbed through skin andrespiratory tract

–protective clothing

ERC

• 15 documented cases of CPRrelated infection - mainly Neisseriameningitidis

• Tuberculosis

• Not hepatitis B or C, or CMV

• 3 cases of HIV transmission fromhigh-risk cutaneous exposure

Risks to the rescuer:infection

ERC

• Gloves and eyeprotection

• Face-mask withone-way valves

Risks to the rescuer:precautions against infection

ERC

Ensure safetyof

rescuer andvictim

First step

ERC

Assesment of consciousness

ERC

Is the victim responsive?

YES

• Check for injuries

• Reassess

• Get help

ERC

Is the victim responsive?

NO

• Shout for help

• Open their airway

• Check for breathing

ERC

Opening the airway

• Head tilt

• Chin lift

ERC

Head Tilt and Chin Lift

ERC

Assess Breathing

• Look for chestmovement

• Listen for breathsounds

• Feel for expired air

• Assess for 10seconds beforedeciding breathingis absent

ERC

Is the victim breathingadequate?

YES

• If safe, use recovery position

• Telephone for help

• Reassess at intervals

ERCRecovery Position 1st Stage

ERCRecovery Position 2nd Stage

ERCRecovery Position 3rd Stage

ERC

Recovery Position 4th Stage

ERC

Is the victim breathingadequate?

NO• Telephone for help

• Immediately start with 30 chestcompressions

ERC

If victim isIf victim is notnotbreathingbreathingadequateadequate --callcall forfor helphelp

ERC

• In adult if patient is not respondingand is not breathing adequateCardio Pulmonary Resuscitationshould be implementedimmediately

ERC

StartStart chest compressions atchest compressions atthe middlethe middle pointpoint of theof the

chestchest

ERC

ERC

ERC

Chest compressions:Depress sternum 4-5 cmRate: 100 per minute

ERC

30 Chestcompressions

ERC

Two rescue breathsTwo rescue breaths

1 sec each

ERC

Rescue breathing(Expired air ventilation)

• Occlude victim’snose

• Maintain chin lift

• Ensure a goodmouth-to-mouth seal

ERC

Rescue breathing(Expired air ventilation)

• Blow steadily (1sec) into victim’smouth

• Watch for chest rise

• Maintain chin lift,remove mouth

• Watch chest fall

ERCWatch for chest fall

ERC

ContinueContinue BLSBLS

2x30x

ERC

One Person CPR

ERC

Chest compression: breath ratio

• 30 compressions : 2 breaths for

– 1-person CPR

– 2-person CPR

ERC

Assess Circulation

• Look, listen and feel for normalbreathing, coughing, or movementby the victim

• Check the carotid pulse (if trained)

• Take no more than 10 seconds

ERC

Is a circulation present?

YES

• Continue with rescue breathing

• Reassess for signs of a circulation

about every minute

ERC

Is a circulation present?

NO

• Start chest compressions

• Continue with rescue breathing

ERC

When to go for help?

Go for help immediately:

• More than one rescuer

• Single rescuer:

– adult with cardiacproblem, onceestablished thatpatient not breathing

CPR for 1 minute first:

• Trauma

• Drowning

• Drug or alcoholintoxication

• Infant or child

ERC

Continue resuscitation until:

• Qualified help arrives and takesover

• The victim shows signs of life

• You become exhausted

ERC

Complications afterchest compression's

• rib fracture,

• sternum fracture,

• tearing off ribs from sternum,

• pneumothorax,

• hemothorax,

• lung contusion,

• liver rupture,

• spleen rupture,

• fat emboli,

ERC

There are nocontraindications for CPR !

ERC

Open Airway

30 chestcompressions

2 rescue breaths30 chest compressions

Call for help

Call for professional help*

BLSBLS AlgorythmAlgorythm

NOT RESPONDING

VICTIM IS NOT BREATHING ADEQUATE

ERC

Special situations

ERC

Jaw Thrust -in case of suspected cervical spine injury

ERC

Finger sweep-only if on first

look there is

a foreign body

in the mouth of

the victim ie blood,

vomiting

ERC

Mouth-to-nose ventilation

• If mouth-to-mouth technicallydifficult

• If mouth seriously injured

• Rescue from water

• Resuscitation carried out by a child

• Anesthetic reasons

ERC

Compression-only CPR

• Reluctance to perform mouth-to-mouth ventilation

• Chest compression alone betterthan no CPR

• If possible combine with head tilt

• Appropriate for telephone-CPR